Solid refuse fuel (SRF), which is made of combustible waste, has to pass the government’s rigid standards. The Korean government plans to enhance the ratio of biomass energy to total energy use from 3.17% in 2013 to 4.16% in 2020. In particular, the Korean government aims to raise the ratio of combustible waste converted into SRF from 16% in 2014 to 100% in 2020 by increasing the number of facilities manufacturing and utilizing SRF. We attempt to analyze the external benefits of the expansion using the data obtained from a survey of 1,000 randomly selected households. A choice experiment, an economic technique, is employed here. The attributes considered in the study are ‘improvement of energy security’, ‘reduction of greenhouse gases emissions’, ‘extension of landfill life expectancy’, ‘job creation’, and ‘price’ measured as an additional amount of monthly electricity and heating bills per household. The multinomial logit model, which requires the assumption of the ‘independence of irrelevant alternatives’, is applied. However, the assumption could not be satisfied in our data. Thus, we finally utilized a nested logit model that does not require the assumption. All the parameter estimates, except for ‘improvement of energy security’, in the utility function are statistically significant at the 5% level. The estimation results show that the marginal willingness to pay (MWTP) for one year increase in landfill life expectancy is estimated to be 218.8 won per household per year. MWTP for 100,000 tCO2 decrease in greenhouse gases emission is calculated to be 171.9 won per household per year. MWTP for the creation of a new job is computed to be 10.7 won per household per year.

As economic growth and development of the living standard causes increasing production of organic waste, the desire to take advantage of organic waste to produce energy is also increasing. Organic waste-to-energy can contribute to improving energy independence through domestic energy security as well as improving the environment by reducing the need for landfills. This paper attempts to quantitatively analyze the non-market benefits arising from the organic waste-to-energy policy. To this end, we apply a contingent valuation (CV) that is most widely used to measure the nonmarket benefits. As for the willingness to pay (WTP) elicitation method, we employed the one-and-one-half-bounded dichotomous choice (DC) model, which produces higher statistical efficiency than the single-bounded DC model and yields greater consistency than the double-bounded DC model. In the CV survey result of 1000 Korean households, a total of 586 households (58.6%) revealed zero WTP. This implies that the use of the mixture model to deal with zero WTP responses was a suitable approach in our study. The yearly mean WTP was computed as KRW 3598 for the next ten years per household, which is statistically significant at the 1% level. Expanding the value to the national population gives us KRW 67.3 billion per year and this value demonstrates the non-market benefits of the organic waste-to-energy policy. This quantitative information could be utilized as a significant reference in the implementation of the organic waste-to-energy policy.

바이오가스는 온실가스를 감축하는 방안 중 하나이기에 신재생연료 혼합의무화제도(RFS, Renewable Fuel Standard)의 도입의 대상으로 논의되고 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 2012년에 발표된 산업연관표를 이용한 산업연관분석을 통해 RFS 도입이 가져올 바이오가스 공급 확대의 경제적 파급효과를 분석하고자 한다. 바이오가스 공급부문은 액화석유가스 부문과 도시가스 부문으로 구성된다. 경제적 파급효과로 우선 수요유도형 모형을 적용하여 바이오가스 공급확대의 생산유발효과, 부가가치 유발효과, 취업유발효과를 분석한다. 다음으로 공급유도형 모형 및 레온티에프 가격모형을 적용하여 각각 바이오가스 공급부문의 공급차질로 인한 부정적 파급효과를 의미하는 공급지장효과 및 바이오가스 공급부문 제품가격 변동이 가져올 물가파급효과를 분석한다. 분석결과 바이오가스 공급부문에서의 1원의 투자 혹은 생산이 가져오는 생산유발효과 및 부가가치 유발효과는 각각 0.0565원 및 0.1320원이다. 아울러 10억원 투자 혹은 생산의 취업유발효과는 0.9716명, 바이오가스 공급부문의 공급지장효과는 1.7349원, 바이오가스 공급부문 산출물 가격 10% 인상의 물가파급효과는 0.1451%로 분석되었다. 이상의 정보는 바이오가스에 대한 공급확대의 다양한 경제적 파급효과를 사전적으로 예측하는 데 유용하게 활용될 수 있다.