담배가루이(Bemisia tabaci)는 광식성 해충으로 토마토황화잎말림바이러스(Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus; TYLCV), 카사바갈색줄무늬병 (Cassava Brown Streak Disease; CBSD)를 매개하는 해충이다. 담배가루이 방제를 위해 화학적 방제가 주로 시행되지만 저항성으로 인한 한계로 인 해 종합적해충방제를 위한 고정정확도를 이용한 표본조사법(Fixed precision sampling plan)을 개발하였다. 표본추출은 토마토 식물이 50 cm 높이의 레일 위에 위치한 배지를 이용해 재배되고 있어 배지로부터 130 cm 이상(지상에서 180 cm 이상)을 상단, 70 cm~100 cm (지상에서 120 cm~150 cm)를 중단, 50 cm 이하(지상에서 100 cm 이하)를 하단으로 나누어 각 위치별 토마토 7엽의 잎 뒷면에서 관찰된 담배가루이 노숙 유충 마리 수를 조사 하였다. 담배가루이 노숙유충은 이동성이 거의 없어 알에서 우화한 뒤 고착화하여 용과 성충 단계를 거치기 때문에 중단, 하단에 밀도가 높았다. 공간분 포분석은 Taylor’s power law (TPL)를 이용하여 도출된 TPL의 회귀계수를 통해 분석하였고, TPL 계수의 차이는 공분산분석(ANCOVA)하여 차이 가 없어 자료를 통합(pooling)하여 계산된 새로운 TPL 계수를 이용하여 표본추출정지선과 방제의사결정법을 개발하였다. 개발된 표본추출법의 적합 성을 판단하기 위해 분석에 사용하지 않은 독립된 자료를 이용하여 Resampling Validation for Sampling Plan (RVSP) 프로그램으로 평가하였다.

γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a natural stress-reducing substance and is actively used as a human health supplement. However, minimal research has been conducted on its use in cattle. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of GABA on the growth performance, complete blood count, blood metabolites, and carcass characteristics of fattening Hanwoo steers. Twenty-one fattening steers were randomly assigned to one of three treatments: control (basal diet: concentrate feed + rice straw), T1 (basal diet + GABA supplement at 0.8% of feed/head/day), and T2 (basal diet + GABA supplement at 1.6% of feed/head/day). Feed intake and conversion ratio did not differ among the treatments. However, the average daily gain during the early fattening period increased linearly to 0.80 kg, 0.86 kg, and 0.92 kg in the control, T1, and T2 groups (p<0.05). Plasma γ-glutamyl transferase (37.5, 58.2, 42.8 U/ℓ) and creatinine (1.32, 1.34, 1.49 ㎎/㎗) levels in the GABA supplement group were increased compared to those in the control group. The carcass weight (422.7, 427.1, 454.1 kg), rib eye area (86.67, 92.57, 91.14 cm2), and marbling score (3.67, 4.29, 4.14) were numerically higher in the GABA supplement group than in the control group. Thus, GABA supplementation positively affected the average daily gain and carcass characteristics of Hanwoo steers. However, the effect of the GABA supplement level of GABA was small, and further research using rumen-protected coating technology on GABA is necessary.

Among migratory insect pests, Mythimna seperata and Cnaphalocrocis medinalis are invasive pests introduced into South Korea through westerlies from southern China. M. seperata and C. medinalis are insect pests that use rice as a host. They injure rice leaves and inhibit rice growth. To understand the distribution of M. seperata and C. medinalis, it is important to understand environmental factors such as temperature and humidity of their habitat. This study predicted current and future habitat suitability models for understanding the distribution of M. seperata and C. medinalis. Occurrence data, SSPs (Shared Socio-economic Pathways) scenario, and RCP (Representative Concentration Pathway) were applied to MaxEnt (Maximum Entropy), a machine learning model among SDM (Species Distribution Model). As a result, M. seperata and C. medinalis are aggregated on the west and south coasts where they have a host after migration from China. As a result of MaxEnt analysis, the contribution was high in the order of Land-cover data and DEM (Digital Elevation Model). In bioclimatic variables, BIO_4 (Temperature seasonality) was high in M. seperata and BIO_2 (Mean Diurnal Range) was found in C. medinalis. The habitat suitability model predicted that M. seperata and C. medinalis could inhabit most rice paddies.

Frankliniella occidentalis is an invasive pest insect, which affects over 500 different species of host plants and transmits viruses (tomato spotted wilt virus; TSWV). Despite their efficiency in controling insect pests, pesticides are limited by residence, cost and environmental burden. Therefore, a fixed-precision level sampling plan was developed. The sampling method for F. occidentalis adults in pepper greenhouses consists of spatial distribution analysis, sampling stop line, and control decision making. For sampling, the plant was divided into the upper part (180 cm above ground), middle part (120-160 cm above ground), and lower part (70-110 cm above ground). Through ANCOVA, the P values of intercept and slope were estimated to be 0.94 and 0.87, respectively, which meant there were no significant differences between values of all the levels of the pepper plant. In spatial distribution analysis, the coefficients were derived from Taylor’s power law (TPL) at pooling data of each level in the plant, based on the 3-flowers sampling unit. F. occidentalis adults showed aggregated distribution in greenhouse peppers. TPL coefficients were used to develop a fixed-precision sampling stop line. For control decision making, the pre-referred action thresholds were set at 3 and 18. With two action thresholds, Nmax values were calculated at 97 and 1149, respectively. Using the Resampling Validation for Sampling Program (RVSP) and the results gained from the greenhouses, the simulated validation of our sampling method showed a reasonable level of precision.

This study was conducted to determine the changes in ginsenosides content according to additional UV-A, and UV-B LED irradiation before harvesting the ginseng sprouts. One-year-old ginseng seedlings (n=100) were transplanted in a tray containing a ginseng medium. The ginseng sprouts were grown for 37 days at a temperature of 20°C (24h), a humidity of 70%, and an average light intensity of 80 μmol·m-2·s-1 (photoperiod; 24h) in a container-type plant factory. Ginseng sprouts were then transferred to a custom chamber equipped with UV-A (370 nm; 12.90 W·m-2) and UV-B (300 nm; 0.31 W·m-2) LEDs and treated for 3 days. Growth parameters and ginsenoside contents in shoot and root were conducted by harvesting on days 0 (control), 1, 2, and 3 of UV treatments, respectively. The growth parameters showed non-significant differences between the control and the UV treatments (wavelengths or the number of days). Ginsenoside contents of the shoot was highly improved by 186% in UV-A treatment compared to the control in 3 days of the treatment time. The ginsenoside contents of the roots was more improved in UV-A 1-day treatment and UV-B 3-day treatment, compared to the control by 171% and 160%, respectively. As a result of this experiment, it is thought that UV LED irradiation before harvesting can produce sprout ginseng with high ginsenoside contents in a plant factory.

본 연구는 식물공장에서 고흡수성 합성고분자(Super absorbent polymer; SAP)를 수경재배에서 배지로서의 활용가능성을 구명하고자 홍화 및 아마란스 새싹의 생육특성과 페놀함량 및 항산화도를 평가하였다. 대조구는 새싹 재배기(19 × 14 × 9cm, W × D × L)에 거즈를 깔고, 처리구에는 거즈 위에 SAP 를 추가하여 비교 분석하였다. 홍화 새싹 종자를 30°C의 증류수에 5시간 동안 침지한 뒤, 새싹 재배기에 파종 후 식물생장 상에서 재배하였다. 식물생장상의 내부 온도는 25 ± 1°C, 습도는 70 ± 4%로 유지되었고 광조건은 35 ± 6μmol·m -2 ·s -1 (광 주기 12h)로 설정하였다. 아마란스 새싹은 새싹 재배기에 파종 후 식물생장상 내부 온도 25 ± 2°C, 습도는 70 ± 5%, 광조건은 188 ± 10μmol·m -2 ·s -1 (광주기 16h)로 설정하였다. SAP 의 기본적인 특성으로 물리/화학적 분석과 홍화 및 아마란스의 발아율과 생육특성 및 기능성 물질을 분석하였다. 홍화는 발아율, 생육 및 기능성 물질에서 처리구와 대조구간 차이가 없었으나, 아마란스는 생육 측면에서는 대조구와 차이가 없었으나 발아율, 건물중, 페놀함량 및 항산화도에서 처리구가 각각 1.16배, 1.16배, 1.40배, 1.12배의 높은 결과를 보였다. 결과적으로, 이번 연구를 통해 식물공장에서 SAP을 활용한 새싹재배가 가능할 것으로 판단하였으며 추후 SAP가 식물 생리적으로 작용하는 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

This study investigated the effects of π-ray treated feeds on the growth performance, carcass composition, internal organ weight, and sensory evaluation of broilers. One hundred and eighty broiler chicks were used as experimental animals. These were divided into four treatment groups according to the π-ray treated feed supplement level: 0% (control) 1%, 3%, and 5%. The π-ray treated feeds did not significantly affect on the body weight gain (2,484–2,602 g), feed intake (4,747–4,944 g), and feed efficiency (1.90–1.98) in broilers (p>0.05). Also, carcass protein (20.2–20.4%) and fat (4.6–4.9%) contents were not affected. The lengths (178.0, 182.7, 198.0, and 190.3 cm) and weights (38.4, 41.2, 44.2, and 38.9 g/kg of body weight) of the small intestine were slightly but not significantly higher in the π-ray treatments than in the control. Further, there were no overall effect of the π-ray treatment on the abdominal fat pad (2.3, 2.1, 2.1, and 1.8%), and cecum (6.7, 4.0, 5.6, and 6.0 g/kg of body weight) and gizzard (16.8, 15.2, 18.0, and 16.6 g/kg of body weight) weights of the broilers in the present study (p>0.05). The stickiness (2.25, 4.25, 4.50, and 4.38) and flavor (2.44, 4.25, 4.31, and 4.38) of cooked breast meat were higher in the π-ray treatments than in the control (p<0.01). This study also found that, in humans, eating cooked breast meat of broilers that were fed π-ray treated feeds had a positive effect on the blood circulation in the capillaries. Thus, the findings of this study suggest that dietary π-ray treatment has a positive effect on the sensory evaluation of broilers, without any negative effect on their body weight gain, feed intake, and feed efficiency, and that the consumption of these broilers is beneficial for humans on their blood circulation.

This study is to investigate the cause of the malfunction of the ground tracked combat vehicle rotating roller and set future direction of improvement. The integrity of the initially used plate and rotating roller was evaluated. As evaluation methods, mechanical property test, radiographic test and size checking test were performed. PA66, PA12, PET, and POM were selected among polymer materials and tested for water absorption rates. Through mechanical property test and radiographic test, the materials used initially were identified to be sound. In the evaluation of the selected four polymer materials, it was confirmed that the PET was excellent in the mechanical properties and the water absorption rate. PET is excellent in mechanical properties and water absorption.

Tandem learning is a learning model actively used in the field of foreign language learning. Through interaction and mutual assistance between language partners, it is possible not only to learn independently and improve the level of target language, but also to conduct cross-cultural communication and understand foreign cultures.Generally speaking, there are two types of Tandem learning methods: Tandem learning through classroom management;The other is the out-of-class language partner learning activities organized by learners in both countries.This research is the second type of Tandem learning, in which teachers help to make connections between Chinese students in the accounting department and Korean students in the Chinese language department, and combine idioms to make mutual learning outside the normal classroom learning.Due to the lack of classroom management and constraints, as well as the low level of target language of both partners, some problems occurred in the process of activities.How to solve these problems so that the language partner activities can be carried out effectively, this study explored several solutions, and tested the effectiveness of the solutions through the end-of-term questionnaire survey.It is hoped that such a shallow study can serve as a starting point for more teachers and researchers to explore the out-of-class Tandem learning model so that more foreign language learners can benefit from Tandem learning.

본 연구는 사양체계 및 TMR의 NDF 수준이 번식용 젖소 육성우의 혈중 대사물질 농도 변화에 미치는 영향을 검토하고, 에너지, 단백질, 지질 및 간 기능 관련 지표 대사물질의 농도를 토대로 영양 상태를 관리하기 위한 기초자료를 제공하기 위해 수행되었다. 공시동물은 번식용 젖소 육성우 50두를 공시하였으며, 시험구 배치는 사양체계에 따라 TMR 처리구(TMR) 및 배합사료 + 혼합 조사료 처리구(CON)의 2처리로 하였으며, TMR의 NDF 수준에 따라 53% 이상(T1), 50 ∼ 53%(T2) 및 50% 이하(T3)로 3처리 하였다. 혈중 GLU 농도는 사양체계에 영향을 받지 않았지만, NDF 수준이 감소될수록 유의적으로 증가하였다(p<0.05). 사양체계가 혈중 단백질 관련 대사물질 농도에 미치는 영향은 없었으며, NDF 수준이 낮아질수록 혈중 ALB 농도가 증가되는 결과를 보였다(p<0.05). 혈중 CHOL 농도는 TMR 보다 CON 처리구에서 높았으며 (p<0.05), NDF 수준이 낮을수록 증가되는 결과가 나타났다. 혈중 지질 농도는 TMR 보다 CON에서 높았으며, NDF 수준이 낮아질수록 높게 나타났다. 혈중 ALT 농도는 T3구가 T1 및 T2구에 비해 유의적으로 낮게 나타났다(p<0.05). 따라서 본 연구의 결과에서 사양체계 및 TMR의 NDF 수준은 번식용 젖소 육성우의 혈중 대사물질 농도 변화에 영향을 미칠 수 있지만, 사료섭취량 및 영양성분 수준을 고려할 필요가 있을 것으로 판단된다.

The safety management of feeds has become a very important factor for food safety and legislation and system improvement are being implemented to prevent the hazardous factors from livestock products. The range of heavy metals in feed hazardous factors was similar among countries, but the As maximum limit was strengthened in Korea compared to China. Regulation of residual pesticide and radioactivity was only controlled in Korea. The range and maximum limit of mycotoxin were strictly controlled in China compared to Korea. In order to enhance the feed safety in Korea, it is necessary to improve the policy, strengthen the range of the feed hazard and the maximum limit and carry out the research related to the feed safety.

Picture book, a kind of artistic form which uses pictures and words to tell a story, it has exquisite pictures, concise statements, interesting stories, simple but profound themes and a tone could convey positive energy. It not only makes children engender resonance and a deep sense of identity but also improves children’s language abilities, mode of emotion and enhance their understanding of life and relationship. As a starting point of reading for the children, the picture book is the “first book” in their lives. Meanwhile, it provides a kind of “comprehensible input” corpus to foreign language learners. This article through picture book educational practices of Chinese children reading, analyzed the effect of picture books instruction and certificated this effect. Picture books have a great potential, Chinese teaching should pay attention to picture books instruction to make learners change “reading” to “enjoy reading”, stimulating their interest in learning Chinese and love Chinese.

본 연구의 목적은 폐쇄형 식물생산시스템에서 세가지 혼합 LED와 형광등에서 자란 적치마 상추의 생육과 광 이용효율을 비교하는 것이다. 18일간 육묘한 적치마상추 묘를 적색(R, 655nm), 청색(B, 456nm), 녹색(G, 515nm), 백색(W, 456nm + 558nm)의 혼합 LED(R:B=8:2, R:W:B =8:1:1, R:G:B=8:1:1)와 형광등이 설치된 폐쇄형 식물생산시스템에 정식하였다. 형광등에서 자란 상추는 모든 LED 처리에 비해 유의적으로 높은 엽형지수를 보였다. 지상부와 지하부 생육에서 LED 처리간 유의적 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 모든 LED 처리가 형광등에 비해 약 34% 지상부 생체중의 증가를 유도시켰다. 한편, 정식 후 4주차에 형광등의 총 소비 전력은 145kW인 반면, LED 처리구들에서 형광등의 약 1/3배인 54kW를 나타냈다. LED 처리구들의 건물중에 대비한 광 이용 효율은 약 34mg/W였으며, 이는 형광등 보다 약 3.5배 높은 값이었다. 결론적으로, 본 연구는 식물 생산 시스템에서 적절한 조합의 LED 조사는 형광등에 비해 상추 생장을 증진시킬 수 있으며 추가적으로 에너지 절감을 통해 광 이용효율도 극대화 할 수 있음을 보여주었다.

본 연구의 목표는 쌀가루의 물리화학적 특성을 분석하여 쌀면을 제조하는데 있어 최적 품종을 결정하는 것이다. 쌀 면 제조에 사용된 쌀 품종은 아밀로오스 함량이 다른 품종인 밀양 278호, 한아름 2호, 백진주를 사용하였다. 본 연구 에서는 쌀을 건식 제분하여 100-150 mesh 체를 통과한 쌀가루를 쌀면 제조에 이용하였다. 쌀가루의 물리화학적 특성 은 호화특성, thermo-mechanical 방법을 통해 분석하였으며, 쌀가루의 아밀로오스 함량에 따라 호화특성 및 thermomechanical 특성에서 차이를 나타냈다. 품종별 호화 개시 온도는 밀양 278호, 한아름 2호, 백진주 각각 70.0, 62.7, 63.0 ℃이었으며, 고아밀로스 함량을 갖는 쌀가루 품종인 밀양 278호는 높은 호화 온도를 나타내며, 호화 시 점도의 특성 또한 다른 품종과 차이를 보였다. 제조된 쌀면의 특성은 면의 질감분석, 조리손실률, 국물의 탁도, 단면사진을 통해 분 석하였다. 밀양 278호, 한아름, 백진주로 제조한 쌀 건면의 경도는 각각 4.55, 2.24, 1.89 N의 값을 나타내었다. 면을 삶았을 경우에 백진주는 면이 형성되지 않고 잘게 끊어져 면의 질감을 측정을 할 수 없었으며, 밀양 278호와 한아름 2호 쌀면의 Rmax 값은 각각 0.86, 0.46 N을 나타내었다. 밀양 278호 품종의 경우 다른 두 품종에 비해 호화 시 높은 점도를 나타내고, 낮은 조리 손실률 등 제면 가공적성에 적합할 것으로 판단된다.

본 증례는 다발성 골수종을 진단 후 Bortezomib, Melphalan, Prednisolone 항암치료 중에 급성 췌장염이 발생된 매우 드문 경우이다. 급성 췌장염이 원인을 알기 위하여 알코올 병력, 담석증, 외상, 고칼슘혈증, 고중성지방혈증 등에 대한 혈액검사 및 영상의학적 검사를 시행하였지만 특별한 소견은 없었다. 급성 췌장염을 유발할 수 있는 약제인 Bortezomib이 그 원인일 가능성으로 판단되어 Bortezomib 중단과 보존적 치료로 급성 췌장염이 호전되었다. Bortezomib은 다 양한 비특이적인 위장관 증상을 흔하게 유발할 수 있지만 복통이 지속되거나 재발하면 드물지만 급성 췌장염이 발생할 수 있음을 염두에 두어야 하겠다.

Estimation approaches for casual relation model with high-order factors have strict restrictions or limits. In the case of ML (Maximum Likelihood), a strong assumption which data must show a normal distribution is required and factors of exponentiation is impossible due to the uncertainty of factors. To overcome this limitation many PLS (Partial Least Squares) approaches are introduced to estimate the structural equation model including high-order factors. However, it is possible to yield biased estimates if there are some differences in the number of measurement variables connected to each latent variable. In addition, any approach does not exist to deal with general cases not having any measurement variable of high-order factors. This study compare several approaches including the repeated measures approach which are used to estimate the casual relation model including high-order factors by using PLS (Partial Least Squares), and suggest the best estimation approach. In other words, the study proposes the best approach through the research on the existing studies related to the casual relation model including high-order factors by using PLS and approach comparison using a virtual model.

In ubiquitous computing, shared environments adjust themselves so that all users in the environments are satisfied as possible. Inevitably, some of users sacrifice their satisfactions while the shared environments maximize the sum of all users’ satisfactions. In our previous work, we have proposed social welfare functions to avoid a situation which some users in the system face the worst setting of environments. In this work, we consider a more direct approach which is a preference based clustering to handle this issue. In this approach, first, we categorize all users into several subgroups in which users have similar tastes to environmental parameters based on their preference information. Second, we assign the subgroups into different time or space of the shared environments. Finally, each shared environments can be adjusted to maximize satisfactions of each subgroup and consequently the optimal of overall system can be achieved. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach with a numerical analysis.

Steel industry in Korea is a key national industry that has led economic growth for a long time. And accidents occurred from a variety of causes has endlessly made as much as remarkable achievements of steel industry. It is a fact that research achievements of disaster prevention in steel industry has not been significantly, compared to production technique achievements. And the level of interest on safety management in the steel industry is conspicuously low. Although support activity for a various safety management are provided reasonably to prevent disasters occurring with subcontractors. A method capable of quantitative evaluation, applied to subcontractors in most business places are relatively rare except parent firms-leading places. This study is to make and show safety management activities to purcue in advance in conjunction with a parent firm through development of a more systematic and quantitative evaluation model for disaster prevention with steel industry subcontractors, and to contribute to disaster prevention in domestic steel industry through advanced safety management method, by applying a proposed evaluation model of safety management activities as subcontractors in steel industry.