이 연구에서는 D광산 주변 A지역을 대상으로 주요 오염물질인 비소, 납에 대하여 토양 내 존재형태 를 확인하고 광물상을 파악하여 오염 토양의 정화방법을 제시하고자 하였다. D광산 주변 A지역 토양의 비소의 농도는 70.73mg/kg, 납의 농도는 612.80mg/kg로 토양오염공정시험기준의 우려기준을 초과하 였다. 비소는 대부분 잔류 형태로 약 50% 존재하였고, 약 40%가 철-알루미늄 산화물 결정화 형태로 존재하였다. 납은 철-망간 산화물과 결합된 형태로 약 50% 존재하였고, 잔류 형태로는 약 20% 존재하 는 것으로 나타났다. XRD 결과, 비소가 포함되어 있는 라벤듈란(NaCaCu5(AsO4)4Cl·5H2O)과 납과 비 소가 포함되어 있는 기터마나이트(Pb3As2S6) 등이 확인되었다. 연구지역의 비소 및 중금속 오염원은 광 물찌꺼기가 토양에 직접적으로 유입되어 산화광물의 입자상으로 존재하는 비율이 높은 것으로 판단되 며, 특히 미립자에 오염물질이 분포하는 것으로 나타나 이를 선별하여 농축된 오염물질을 1차적으로 제 거하여 정화대상의 양을 저감하는 방안도 필요하다고 판단된다.

In this study, the appearance change and the heat․moisture transfer properties of knitted fabric by yarn shrinkage were examined to obtain useful data on the development of thermo-sensitive functional materials. Eleven types of knitted fabric were knitted using highly bulky acrylic-blended yarn. After shrinking the specimens using dry heat treatment, the appearance change and thickness were measured. An HEC simulator was adopted for measuring the heat․moisture transfer properties of specimens by yarn shrinkage. When holes were arranged vertically in the mesh structure, the specimens with 2,500 and 5,000 holes showed high percent change of hole area, appearance, and thickness. When holes were diagonally arranged in the mesh structure, the percent change of hole area in the specimen with 1,250 holes was larger than the one with 2,500 holes. However, the dimensional stability of the specimen with 2,500 holes was better because of its smaller appearance and thickness change. In the tuck structure, the percent change of hole area in the specimen with 625 and 416 holes was relatively large compared with the appearance and thickness change. Furthermore, the hole size in the tuck structure was smaller than that in the mesh structure but the percent change of hole area was larger. Therefore, it was proved that the tuck structure is more suitable than the mesh structure for developing thermo-sensitive functional materials. Heat․moisture transfer property test verified that the change of hole area by yarn shrinkage enabled obtaining the thermal effect due to the distinct temperature difference in the inner layer.

The chemical structures of perfluorinated compounds(PFCs) have unique properties such as thermal and chemical stability that make them useful components in a wide variety of consumer and industrial products. Two of these PFCs, perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA), have received attention and were the most commonly detected. In this study it was analyzed the concentrations of 8 PFCs in samples were collected from drinking water treatment plants for 5 years(2012-2016). PFOS and PFOA were also high concentration and frequency. The mean concentrations of PFOA and PFOS were detected 0.0026-0.0069 μg/L and 0.0009-0.0024 μg/L in samples from drinking water treatment plants. These were relatively lower or similar compared to PFOS concentrations in Osaka(Japan). In general, these levels are below health-based values set by international authoritative bodies for drinking water. These results will be serve as the first monitoring data for PFCs in drinking water and be useful for characterizing the concentration distribution and management of PFCs in future studies.

In order to prevent secondary pollution of tap water, corrosion characteristics are investigated, and corrosion index are calculated using LI and LR to manage corrosiveness. As targeted water treatment plants from 2014 (July, once) to 2015 (July and October, 2 times), 70 plants are selected by making a division for each area and water system. (treated water samples, n=240, raw water samples, n=72). In result of pH analysis, treated water was lower than raw water to 7.12, and 7.29, respectively. LI were investigated in the order of Seomjin river, Nakdong river, Han river, Geum river, to -2.08, -1.24, -1.11, -1.10 (at raw water), and -2.18, -1.59, -1.51, -1.35 (at treated water), respectively. In case of water quality goal value (LI = -1) in Japan as control of corrosiveness, management object was investigated about 83.3%.

In many countries in order to manage corrosion of water treatment process, it is currently using Langelier index (LI). However, management of the Larson's ratio (LR) to compare corrosion management and LI which can be generated by the water treatment process is required. In this study, in order to ensure data LR, factors associated with the actual corrosion resistance of water treatment plant was measured. Using the measured data, the model equation can be estimated alkalinity, and using the statutory water quality data, LR and alkalinity is estimated. At comparison of the measured value and estimated value of alkalinity, it appeared in R2 = 0.629, using the statutory water quality data and estimated alkalinity model, LR and alkalinity (Whole water treatment plants : 472) is estimated. Concentration of estimated alkalinity is 0.5 mg/L to 107.5 mg/L (average : 23.2 mg/L), and LR is 0.1 to 10 (average : 1.3). At tendency to corrosion of investigated LR, “No metal tendency” (>0.5) is 39 water treatment plants, 8.26 %, and “corrosion metal tendency” is 433 water treatment plants, 91.74%.

Although disinfection in drinking water treatment plants provides a safer water supply by inactivating pathogenic microorganisms, harmful disinfection by-products may be formed. In this study, the disinfectant, chlorine, was produced on-site from the electrolysis of salt (NaCl), and the by-products of the disinfection process, bromate and chlorate, were analyzed. The provisional guideline levels for bromate and chlorate in drinking water are 10 μg/L and 700 μg/L, in Korea, respectively. Bromide salt was detected at concentrations ranging from 6.0 ~ 622 mg/kg. Bromate and chlorate were detected at concentrations ranging from non-detect (ND) ~ 45.3mg/L and 40.5 ~ 1,202 mg/L, respectively. When comparing the bromide concentration in the salt to the bromate concentration in the chlorine produced by salt electrolysis, the correlation of bromide to bromate concentration was 0.870 (active chlorine concentration from on-site production: 0.6–0.8%, n=40). The correlation of bromate concentration in the chlorine produced to that in the treated water was 0.866.

This study developed an up-flow wetland providing either an eco-friendly follow-up process of medium-sized public treatment facility for livestock manure or a non-point source pollution controller near livestock farms. The four bench-scale up-flow wetlands were operated with four different bed media sets. The removal efficiencies of the wetland effluent for CODCr, TN, TP, SS were 35.2 %, 29.5 %, 31.2 % and 52.2 % for set 1(Blank, without reed, with bio-ceramic), 40.6 %, 43.4 %, 42.2 % and 55.4 % for set 2(with bio-reed&without bio-ceramic), 45.2 %, 48.7 %, 46.6 % and 66.3 % for set 3(with bio-reed&bio-ceramic), 32.9 %, 27.3 %, 29.3 % and 54.1 % for Set 4(with reed&bio ceramic), respectively. The set 3 condition having a mixture of bio-reed and bio-ceramic showed the highest efficiency in the bench-scale evaluation. This study suggests a mixture of bio-reed and bio-ceramic as suitable bed media in the construction of artificial wetlands near livestock farms. Soils including the bed media were monitored during the evaluation for trace elements. Soil analysis results were satisfied with the Korean Soil Contamination Standard. This study showed that the up-flow constructed wetland was feasible to treat the effluent livestock wastewater treatment facility.

Concerns about water quality in the Nakdong River have been raised because the Nakdong River will change from a lotic environment to a lentic environmental due to the installation of eight weirs to be constructed as part of the Four Major Rivers Restoration Project. The rapid urbanization and industrialization of the middle and the lower reaches of Nakdong River causes the indiscreet discharge of uncleanly living sewage and industrial wastewater. And the water quality of lower reaches of Nakdong River is getting seriously worse. Owing to the water shortage of Nakdong River and the closing of reaches because of the estuary dyke in the dry season, the velocity of a moving fluid is almost accumulated under 0.03m/sec. Then a pollutant is piled up on the bottom of the river. Polluted sediment is formed and nutrition level of water is increased more and more. The eutrophication state propagated to dark brown or green from eutrophication often comes out. Therefore in this study, we measured Chl. a of chlorophyll sensor (YSI6600V2) and aceton extraction through field observation in the Nakdong River and Samrangjin. And we evaluated the reliability of chlorophyll sensor. In correlation analysis between chlorophyll sensor and aceton extraction, it shows high relation in general. And it also shows high relation among the chlorophyll sensor and aceton extraction of the dominant diatom (Skeletonema costatum), Dinophyta (Prorocentrum minimum) in the Nakdong River estuary by laboratory analysis results.

첨단 기술, 네트워크 등의 발전과 지능기반 사회의 변화로 인 간형 로봇 개발이 활발하게 진행 중에 있다. 특히 일상생활에 서 인간과 자연스럽게 상호 작용할 수 있는 인간 지향적인 개 인서비스 로봇에 대한 연구가 중요해지고 있다. 하지만 국내의 개인서비스 로봇 연구를 살펴보면 기반기술 개발에 치중한 정 부의 지원과 연구로 인간이 진정으로 원하는 로봇의 기능이나 형태 등의 로봇 디자인에 대한 연구가 미흡한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구는 개인서비스 로봇 디자인 방향을 제시하는 것을 목적 으로 하며, 이를 위해서 로봇의 시장 요구사항 분석, 로봇 시장 트렌드 분석, 소비자 인식 및 요구 분석을 진행하였다. 그 결과 개인서비스 로봇이 인간의 일상생활에서 활용 가능한 기능 디 자인과 감성 디자인을 중심으로 개인서비스 로봇의 디자인을 위한 방향을 제시하였다. 이러한 결과를 통해서 본 연구는 개 인서비스 로봇의 콘셉트, 기능, 콘텐츠, 외형 등을 디자인하거 나 새로운 아이디어를 제안하는데 기여할 수 있을 것이다.

국내 유입시 경제적 피해가 예상되는 주요 관심 침입우려 병해충에 대한 발생예찰모형을 개발하여 기후시나리오에 따른 국내 정착지역을 추정하고, 국내 기상환경에서 발생시기를 추정하여 기후변화에 대응한 검역해충 예찰 업무시 현장 활용이 가능한 예측시스템을 구축하였다. 대상 병해충으로는 감귤그린병매개충, 참나무역병, 과실파리류, 코드린나방, 자두애기잎말이나방, 유사코드린나방, 미국사과애기잎말이나방, 복숭아뿔나방이 구현되었다. 병해충의 생리적 기작에 기반한 발생예찰모형을 개발하고, 이 모형을 활용하여 국내 환경에서 병해충 발생 예측이 구현 가능하여 핵심 예찰시기를 결정할 수 있고, 정착 적합도를 이용하여 발견 가능성이 높은 지역을 선택할 수 있다. 미래 정착 가능성을 판단하기 위하여 기상청 RCP 8.5 기후변화 시나리오를 이용한 미래 병해충 정착 적합도를 계산하고 2010s~2090s까지의 년대별 국내 정착적합 분포지도를 제공한다. 정착시 국내 발생 예측은 기상청 자동기상관측자료를 이용한 국내 기상 환경에서의 일별 병해충 발생 예측 분포 지도를 조회하고 지도상의 임의 지점의 년간 병해충 발생 위험정도를 시계열 그래프로 조회할 수 있다. 예찰업무 지원을 위한 시스템으로 GIS 서비스 및 예찰지점의 병해충 발생 예측량 시계열 그래프를 통한 예찰 방제 모니터링 기능이 포함되었다. 또한 기후 예측인자·요소가 병해충 발생 위험수준에 도달하였을 경우 위험단계별 경보를 예찰요원의 휴대전화번호로 자동 발송하는 기능이 포함되었다.

구례지역에서 공룡알과 공룡뼈가 보고된 백악기 토금층의 퇴적시기와 공룡의 활동시기를 밝히기 위하여 그 층의 하부와 상부에 해당하는 화산암류에 대하여 K-Ar법 절대연대측정 연구를 수행했다. 토금층의 하부에 분포하는 금정리역암층에 포함된 화산암역을 대상으로 6개의 시료에 대하여 K-Ar 전암연대 측정을 실시하였으며, 그 결과 전기 백악기의 앞티안(118.3±2.3Ma), 알비안(103.6±2.0, 102.5±2.0, 99.9±1.9Ma)에 속한다. 토금층을 덮는 안산암과 반상안산암에 대하여 동일 조건으로 절대연대를 측정하였으며 그 결과는 후기 백악기의 캄파니안(83.9±1.6, 74.2±1.5Ma)에 속한다. 야외증거와 절대연대측정 결과를 근거로 토금층의 퇴적시기와 공룡의 활동시기는 84-100 Ma 사이이다. 이 결과는 공룡알을 포함하는 보성 선소층의 퇴적시기(81 Ma)와 공룡, 익룡 및 물갈퀴 새발자국을 포함하는 해남 우항리층의 퇴적시기(79-81 Ma), 압해도지역에 분포하는 수각류 공룡알둥지의 형성시기(77-83 Ma)에 비교하면 다소 오래되었을 가능성을 시사한다.

본 논문은 휴대 전화를 이용하여 근거리 무선 통신을 수행할 때 발생하는 과금, 지연, 가입된 이동통신사가 다른 단말 간 통신 등의 제약을 해결하기 위한 방법으로, 블루투스(Bluetooth) 기반의 외부 통신 장치를 제안한다. 제안하는 방법을 통해 블루투스가 내장되어 있지 않은 단말기, 블루투스가 내장되어 있다 하더라도 이를 제어할 수 없는 단말기에서도 근거리 무선 통신을 지원할 수 있게 된다. 또한 WIPI Jlet 기반의 소프트웨어 제작을 통해 제안한 하드웨어를 활용하는 여러 가지 방법에 대해 기술한다. 마지막으로 제작된 외부 통신 장치와 라이브러리를 이용하여 두 개의 게임을 실제로 만들었다. 이러한 게임은 사용자들이 근거리 통신을 통하여 게임을 진행하는 방식이다. 이러한 게임들을 통하여 일반 기능폰 간의 통신뿐만 아니라 기능 폰과 Windows Mobile과 같은 스마트폰과의 통신을 통한 다양한 활용성에 대해 기술한다.

The spatial and temporal distributions of phosphorus and nitrogen and a number of physical, chemical and biological parameters were analyzed to in the Youngsan and the Sumjin River systems, Korea. Substantial amount of P and N was observed in both the rivers all the year round. Mean N/P ratios showed large variations among the sampling sites; highest ratio was observed in most sampling sites during summer. Relative proportions of DOP: TP were fairly constant (0.08~0.09) in both the rivers. In the composition of nitrogen almost all sampling sites of both the rivers were dominated with NO3-N followed by NH3-N and NO2-N. Variations in dissolved nutrients tended to co-vary with particulate forms (PON and POP), implying that dissolved nutrients are primarily released from the decomposition of particulate forms or dissolved forms are in equilibrium with particulate forms. Chlorophyll a levels in the Sumjin River appear to be negatively correlated with the ammonia, implying ammonia is absorbed by algae with preference. While chlorophyll a was positively correlated with TP and DIP in the Sumjin River, negative correlations of these parameters was observed in the Youngsan River. The pattern of nutrients level was found to be related with land use and domestic sewage in the study area. Inter-parameter relationships may be strongly influenced by geographical factors relative to temporal factors.