목적: 본 연구는 국내외 여러 직무영역에서 연구되고 있는 노력-보상 불균형을 운동선수에게 적용하고자 하는 기초연구로 노력-보상 불균형의 주요개념인 운동선수의 노력과 보상은 어떤 개념이 포함되는지 탐색하고자 하였다. 방법: 이를 위하여 고등학교 및 대학교 학생선수와 실업팀에서 전문선수로 활동하는 19개 종목 127명을 대상으로 개방형 설문지를 활용하여 자료를 수집하였다. 개방형 설문을 통해 수집된 자료는 귀납적 분석을 실시하여 빈도를 산출하고 범주화해 결과를 도출했다. 결과: 운동선수가 지각하는 노력의 개념 분석 결과 ‘훈련에 대한 노력 요인’은 기량강화, 인지심리강화, 자기관리 3개의 일반영역으로 나타났으며, ‘시합에 대한 노력 요인’은 인지심리 강화, 자기관리, 기량강화, 상호작용 4개의 일반영역을 도출하였다. ‘일상생활에서 노력 요인’은 자기관리, 기량강화, 인지심리강화 3개의 개념이 탐색되었으며 ‘목표달성을 위한 노력 요인’은 인지심리강화, 기량강화, 자기관리, 상호작용 4개의 일반영역이 도출되었다. 선수들이 지각하는 보상 요인의 귀납적 내용분석을 실시한 결과 혜택, 사회적지지, 긍정적 성과, 미래 안정성 4개 영역으로 수렴됨을 확인하였다. 결론: 이러한 연구결과를 통해 타 분야 연구들과의 차이점과 유사점을 발견할 수 있었으며, 이에 대한 운동선수들의 문화와 특징을 고려한 논의가 제시되었다. 또한 노력-보상을 측정할 수 있는 척도개발에 대한 후속연구 제언과 본 연구의 기초자료로써 가치를 확인하였다.

Purpose: The present study was designed to improve interpersonal relationships between team members and to clarify team members' roles for the enhancement of team processes and functions in a college ice hockey team through the team building intervention. Methods: Twenty five ice hockey players participated in the team building intervention program. The program consisted of ten sessions which were based on previous research and was conducted once a week at the athlete’s dormitory for ten weeks. The questionnaires (Interpersonal Relationship Questionnaire, Role Perception Questionnaire), the experience report, and the in-depth interview were used as measures to verify the effects of the team building intervention. The paired t-test and the inductive analysis were used to analyze the data. Results: The level of the interpersonal relationships tended to increase. However, only two factors, satisfaction and sensibility, were statistically significant. In general, the level of the role clarification was statistically non-significant. Only the role conflict factor tended to decrease whereas two factors (role ambiguity, role over load) tended to increase. Intriguingly, the role overload factor was significantly increased. Moreover, the formation of a climate of positive interactions within the team, the establishment of positive interpersonal relationships among teammates, the enhancement of team coordination, and the clarification of the team members' roles were revealed through the experience-report and the in-depth interview. Conclusion: In conclusion, the team building intervention helped team members establish positive interpersonal relationships among teammates, especially seniors and juniors, and clarify team members' roles in the team. Ultimately, it could enhance team processes and functions as well as optimal team performance.

Purpose: It has been debated that which method of implicit or explicit learning on motor skills is more effective in the field of motor learning. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of analogy learning as a means of implicit learning in rugby ball catch. Methods: The task was to catch a rugby ball falling without spin from a building about 8m tall. In this study, male middle school students(N=30) who have never played the sport before were randomly assigned into the analogy learning group, explicit learning group and control group. The analogy learning group was told to catch a baby doll, not a ball, falling from a building and read a news article describing that a person caught a baby falling from a building. They did not learn or receive any information regarding the rugby catching skill, but the participants of the analogy group had to cautiously catch the doll. On the other hand, the explicit learning group was provided with instructions and information regarding the skill and physical movement, and the participants in this group were asked to catch a rugby ball falling from the building. The control group was given no focus instructions. All participants practiced the task (8 times x 5 blocks) and performed a delayed retention test, delayed transfer test, and crossing task transfer test after two weeks. Results: Compared with the effects of explicit instructions and no instructions, the implicit instructions indicated that the analogy learning group enhanced learning on the delayed transfer test. The result means that it might be more beneficial than a direct explicit instruction focusing on physical movements of task itself. Conclusion: Thus, this study provided the evidence of the learning benefits of an implicit instruction for the rugby catching task. In addition, this study suggests coaches, instructors, and teachers apply a new method when teaching a novice as verbal instructions or directly teaching how to do it are not always necessary.