To understand the genesis of tropical cyclones (TC), we computed TC genesis probability (GPr) by partitioning a highly localized genesis frequency (GFq) into nearby grid boxes in proportion to the spatial coherence of genesis potential index (GPI). From the analysis of TCs simulated by the Seoul National University Atmosphere Model Version 0 and the observed TCs, it was shown that GPr reasonably converges to GFq when averaged over a long-term period in a decent grid size, supporting its validity as a proxy representing a true TC GPr. The composite anomalies of the gridded GPr in association with the Asia summer monsoon, El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) are much less noisy than those of GFq, and consequently are better interpretable. In summary, GPr converges to GFq, varies more smoothly than GFq, represents the spatiotemporal variations of GFq better than GPI, and depicts GFq with greater spatial details than other spatially smoothed GFqs.

본 연구는 온실의 온도와 CO2농도를 높이기 위해 DME버너용 연료로 DME가스를 사용했을 때 DME 연소가스의 성능을 결정하고 겨울에 상추와 양배추의 엽록소 함량 그리고 무게와 건조무게에 대한 영향정도를 조사하기 위해 수행되었다. 각각 온실1과 온실2에 처방 된 DME-1과 DME-2 처방은 덕트의 평균 DME 유량 17.4 m3 min-1과10.2 m3 min-1으로 구성됐으며, 대조군(DME-3)으로 남겨진 온실3에는 DME 가스가 공급되지 않 았다. DME 공급 시간은 각각 주차 별로 1주차는 하루당 0.5시간, 2주차는 1시간, 3주차는 1.5시간, 4주차는 2 시간으로 설정하였다. 각각 처방마다 엽록소 함량과 상추와 배추의 건조 전, 후 중량을 측정했으며, 연구결과 무처리구인 온실3과 비교하여 온실1과 온실2 의 CO2 농도는 각각 265%, 174% 증가하였고, 온도의 경우 4.8oC, 3.10oC 상승하였다. DME 가스를 제외한 다른 조건이 같은 온실에서 재배된 상추와 양배추의 엽록소 함량과 생체중, 건물중은 온실1에서 (유의적으로) 가장 높았으며, 온실2는 대조구 온실보다 높았다. 이러한 결과는 DME가스 연소에 의한 CO2 농도 차이에 기인된 것으로 판단된다. 일반적으로 가스연소에 의해 발생되는 유해가스 증상은 나타나지 않았으며 동절기 난방과 CO2 공급이 동시에 필요할 경우 DME가스가 기존의 경유 또는 LPG 등을 대체할 수 있는 가능성을 확인하였다. 향후 정밀한 연구를 통하여 효율적인 난방방식으로의 검토가 적극 필요하다고 판단된다.

Recently in Construction field, It has been the big issues to produce an Eco-friendly Construction material and to solve problems about the First grade–Aggregates’ supply&demand. While the Eco-friendly Construction materials which are refurbished and reproduced from construction wastes and industrial by-products have a great deal of effectiveness such as cost or CO2 emission reduction, there is an additional logistical cost due to go through with some processes for recycle such as Intermediary treatments or management and collection of materials. Furthermore, Demand of the First grade-Aggregates is rising and spreading all over the nation for the improvement of Road driving performance, But there is also an additional logistical cost for supply&demand due to the cost of transport growth by sites of construction. In this study, the process and methodology of the new material supply and demand route routings using the Arc Gis Program and the calculation of the available distance through economic analysis are presented. After examining the cost status of construction materials and logistics costs by examining the literature review and related industry, economic feasibility was obtained by comparing the price of general construction materials with the total cost of comparable materials and logistics costs. After an economic analysis, ArcGis3.0 was used to visualize the materials’ supply&demand route and As a result, We can observe the economically secured route from the construction materials’ production plant to where the domestic transportable route and nodes mapped. Throughout the study, the pre-groundwork for an efficient use of the construction materials is able to be prepared and It will be helpful to invigorate supply&demand. In addition to the economic analysis in the future, If the real-time traffic information (traffic volume, speed, environment, etc.) and the performance (structure, functionality, etc.) of each construction materials are reflected, It will be possible to build a decision system for selecting construction materials which meet consumers’ various needs.

PURPOSES : The objective of this research is establishing system components and optimizing operational procedures in order to systematically manage road cave-ins in urban areas.METHODS: Based on the literature review and alternative comparison, optimization methods is suggested.RESULTS : Throughout the study, location referencing system, database structure, and operation strategy(procedure) were clarified, and the optimization methods for each item were suggested.CONCLUSIONS: Road cave-in management should be focused on user safety rather than focusing on economic aspects. The occurrence of road cave-in should be addressed thoroughly by road management system(location referencing system, database structure, and operation strategy(procedure), and the optimization methods), since they are closely related to road users' safety.

The research on the actual condition of indoor asbestos concentration in Korea has not been thoroughly accomplished up to now. In this research the ratio of asbestos-containing buildings and indoor asbestos concentration was studied. This investigation was conducted in 2012 and 2013 and buildings were categorized based on region, building type by use, existing space(ground or basement), and construction year, respectively. Also the indoor asbestos concentration change was monitored to evaluation the efficiencies of two types of asbestos-concentration abatement devices.As a result, the ratio of asbestos-containing buildings in Seoul was largely decreased. The ratio of asbestos-containing buildings was higher in hospitals and schools regionally and in ground buildings than in basement. The average indoor asbestos concentrations were 0.0011, 0.0008 piece/cc in 2012 and 2013 investigation, respectively. Those values were much lower than standards(0.01 piece/cc), therefore the threat of indoor asbestos concentration might be negligible. In asbestos-concentration abatement experiments, the circulation velocity of ventilator were changed 2-6.7 m/sec. With 6.7 m/sec of velocity of ventilator, the concentration of indoor asbestos was fluctuated and maximum value was 2.4 piece/cc. With 4.5 and 2 m/sec of velocities of ventilator, the maximum concentration of indoor asbestos was fluctuated and maximum value was 0.9 piece/cc. This indicated that the concentration of indoor asbestos was decreased partly due to the free drop of asbestos. From these results, the proper velocity of ventilator seems to be between 4.7 and 6.5m/sec under this circumstance and further research is required. These research results may be used to guideline of asbestos management policy.

The residents'odor complaint is steadily increasing by odor causing from sewage system. A current drainage facilities and septic tank are included in the individual sewerage according to Sewerage Act. However, definitions and legal standards of drainage tank are insufficient. In addition, specifications and maintenance standards related to structure and size are not established.In this research, effect of drainage tank in individual sewage facilities on the odor occurrence was studied and the concentrations of H2S and composite odor were measured.From the measurements, the concentration of H2S and composite odor were 1 ppm ~ 5 ppm and 1.04 OU ~ 4.05 OU, respectively, before pump operation. Also, the concentration of H2S and composite odor were 5 ppm ~ 33 ppm and 5.10 OU ~ 35.04 OU, respectively, after pump operation. The concentration of SS in the effluent from drainage tank was ranged from 840 mg/L to 1,980 mg/L. These high concentration of SS seemed to be the major source of foul smell when high concentrated suspended solids in the public sewerage system were decomposed and then emitted.In this research, correlation coefficient (R2) between H2S and composite odor before and after pumping were 0.925 and 0.918, respectively.

목적: 본 연구는 국내 여자프로배구단 선수 전체를 대상으로 이루어진 팀 교육과 개인별 호소문제 해결을 위한 개인 상담을 병행하여 적용하고 그 효과를 확인하는데 목적이 있다. 방법: 연구대상은 A 여자프로배구단 선수(n= 17)였으며, 복합심리기술훈련(팀교육, 개인상담)은 시즌 전 단계(2019년 8월∼9월)와 시즌 중 단계(2020년 1월∼2 월)로 구분되어 진행되었다. 복합심리기술훈련의 효과를 확인하기 위하여 시즌 전 기초선단계 및 중재와 철회, 그리고 시즌 중 중재로 이루어진 ABAB 단일사례설계로 연구를 진행하였다. 중재 전후의 변화를 확인하기 위하여 승패와 라운드 승률을 분석하였고, 수행프로파일검사를 활용하였으며, 개방형 설문과 인터뷰자료, 언론보도 등의 자료를 사용하여 양적연구를 통해 확인된 결과들을 보충하였다. 결과: 복합심리기술훈련을 통해 선수 개인별 심 리요인(현재집중, 감정/생각조절, 긴장조절 등), 체력요인(순발력, 점프력, 코어 등), 포지션별 기술요인(세터, 라이 트, 레프트, 센터, 리베로)에 긍정적인 영향이 나타났다. 팀 경기력 측면에서도 KOVO 컵대회 준우승과 정규시즌 4위라는 결과가 확인되었다. 결론: 팀 교육과 개인 상담의 복합심리기술훈련은 선수의 개인별 심리기술, 기술자신 감, 체력 수준에 긍정적인 영향을 준 것으로 나타났고, 시즌 전과 시즌 중의 2차에 걸친 복합심리기술훈련 중재는 팀 경기력(승률)을 직접적으로 향상시켰다.

본 연구는 한국 스포츠심리학의 초기 성장기에 시대를 앞서 스포츠심리학의 현장적용에 선구적 역할을 한 신동성 박사의 연구활동과 현장지원 노력을 재조명하는데 목적이 있다. 방법: 이를 위해 생애사 연구 관점에서 면접과 문서분석을 활용하였고, 연구참여자의 구술 증언 형식의 생애사 면접과 연구관련 문서 및 언론 보도 자료를 수집하였다. 자료의 진실성 확보를 위해 동료 점검, 연구참여자 점검, 삼각검증을 진행하였다. 결과: 신동성 박사의 연구활동과 현장지원 노력을 탐색한 결과 1980년대 체육과학 진흥 역할, 스포츠심리학 현장적용의 선구적 역할, 한국의 스포츠심리학 성장에 공헌한 역할 등 세 가지 범주로 도출되었다. 1980년대 체육과학 진흥 역할에 는 스포츠과학연구소 시절 체육부 창설과 서울올림픽 꿈나무발굴사업인 신인발굴사업, 육군사관학교와 청와대 경호실의 체력시험 기준을 설정하는데 기여하였다. 스포츠심리학 현장적용의 선구자 역할에는 심리검사를 적용한 심리상담을 도입하고, 골프협회를 대상으로 최초의 심리교육을 도입하였으며 축구에 인지전략 개념을 도입하는 공헌을 하였다. 한국의 스포츠심리학 성장에 공헌한 역할에는 한국의 콜먼 그리피스, 응용스포츠심리학의 대부로 불릴 만큼 초기 성장기의 주요공헌자였다. 현장적용 목적의 국제 교류 활동과 현장적용을 위한 제도 마련을 통해 실질적인 성과를 내며 스포츠심리학을 현장에 활성화시켰다. 또한 스포츠심리학을 대입한 언론 토론에서 대중적 해설을 시작한 최초의 학자이며, 학회의 성장에도 기여하였다. 결론: 한국의 응용스포츠심리학 발전 초창기 신동성 박사가 취한 선구자적 접근법과 공헌을 기억하는 것은 학문의 전통을 계승하고 미래에 도전하는 측면에서 의미가 크다.

The purpose of this study is to clarify the environmental changes and human activities before and after the fortification of the Seongsan Sanseong Fortress (hereinafter mountain fortress) in Haman through using pollen analysis. For this purpose, samples were taken at the Tr-2 site in the Warm-temperate forest. The results of the analysis are as follow. ① Before and after the fortification of the mountain fortress, the area around it has changed from a broad-leaved forest (The HS-I period) into a deciduous broad-leaved forest (The HS-II period) and finally into a the mixed conifer and deciduous broad-leaved forest (The HS-III period). ② The HS-I period (before the middle of the 6th century, compared to the nationwide pollen zone RIIIa during the Postglacial) was covered with cool-temperate southern forests(including some species of Warm-temperate trees) and was very similar to the current climate environment during the Gaya period before the fortification. ③ The HS-II period (mid to late 6th century, pollen zone RIIIa) was covered with typical cool-temperate southern forests after the fortification and the temperature was slightly lower than the first stage. ④ The HS-III period (7th~8th century/9th century, pollen zone RIIIb) is an era of clear human interference, causing the destruction of forests in earnest and paving an active agricultural life.

Light is a energy source for photosynthesis og green plant and sources for photoperiodsm and photomorphogenesis. Plants have showed a variety of reactions corresponding to the surrounding environment to survive, and have introduced environmental signal into growth development. Rice yield has reduced by increasing localized heavy rain that leads duration of solar intensity to decrease 10-16% during cultivation period. It is necessary to improve adaptive technology and observe change of rice yield and growth by decrease of solar intensity for safe culture of rice. For these reasos, we carried out shade culture experiment and compared to rice growth and yield for two rice varity(Dasanbyeo, Chuchengbyeo) in 2008, and we also performed shade culture experiment at two growth stage(panicle formation stage, booting stage) in order to research rice growth and yield by decease of solar intensity on 2009. We carried out shade treatment to make different solar intensity under three different conditions; control, 30-40% block, 70-80% block using shade net. As a result, experiment result showed that plant height and SPAD value were more inceased and tiller number was more deceased under shade treatment than control. Shade treatment decreased rice yield by reducing panicles number per m2 spikelet number per panicle, and percent ripened grain of yield component. The results of protein analysis showed difference between control and treatment.