Jeju is famous as a tourist attraction for both domestic and foreign tourists. Jeju has emphasized the importance of an English-friendly environment to meet the expectations of foreign tourists as international awareness of Jeju has increased. However, a lot of studies have mainly concentrated on the linguistic effects of English learning. This is the appropriate time to proceed with the nonlinguistic effects of English learning during English learning processes through English learners’ investment construction based on their imagined communities.

Jeju has become an important hub for tourism and English education in Northeast Asia and the importance of English in Jeju cannot be overemphasized. This paper compares the psychological and cognitive approaches of SLA motivation and sociological approaches of investment. Language learning involves the complex identities of language learners. Poststructuralists are interested in how language learners’ positions might influence their investments and how their investments affect their identity formation. However, researchers in Jeju have not given enough attention to the identity changes and investment transformation during students’ English learning processes. Therefore, it is important to investigate English learners’ investment and identity formations in the various sociocultural contexts in Jeju.

Jeju has been transformed into an international city and English has been a significant communication means in Jeju. Since English is essential for globalization, English education in Jeju has become the focus of public attention. The purpose of this study is to examine students' opinions about the effectiveness of college English instruction in the Department of Tourism English in Jeju. Subjects’ perceptions regarding the effectiveness of college English instruction were analyzed in this study. The data showed students generally agreed that native and Korean teachers’ team teaching is helpful (M=4.261), that the courses are practical and useful for the students' career development (M= 3.565), and that generally, English learning in the class is satisfactory (M=3.543). However, students disagreed with the idea that the English courses help students understand foreign cultures (M= 2.935).

The participants in this study recognized English as a global language and also felt obligation to make the Korean language and culture globalized in the future. Further empirical research into identity and EFL learning in Jeju will help to reveal how the increasingly important status of Korean and the Korean language might intertwine with the experience of Korean students who are learning English.

There have been a lot of reporting regarding continued problems of English education instructions in Korea because of too much emphasis on grammar-translation method. This study focuses on the effectiveness of three different English instruction approaches, Whole Language Approach (Whole), English for Specific Purposes (ESP), and E-mail for English Teaching (E-mail). The data were collected in May, 2017 by distributing survey questionnaire to the first and second year students in four classes in the Department of Tourism English at a selected university in Jeju. 12 questions in the questionnaire were used to measure how the participants perceived the importance of various goals regarding three different communication-based English instruction approaches, Whole Language Approach (Whole), English for Specific Purposes (ESP), and E-mail for English Teaching (E-mail). Participants in this study are most interested in Whole Language Approach (Whole) followed by English for Specific Purposes (ESP) and E-mail for English Teaching (E-mail).

Korean government has made continued efforts to aim the communicative method as the national object of English education since the 6th curriculum. However, a number of researches have reported that there are consistent problems in English education instructions in public schools. Students in Korea including Jeju have suffered from communicative competence such as speaking and writing since public schools in Korea have focused on grammar-translation method. This research focuses on the differences exists among undergraduate students’ perceptions on the effectiveness of university English curriculum in Jeju. The participants in this research are the first and second year undergraduate students in the Department of Tourism English for the spring semester of 2017 in Jeju province. The data were collected in May, 2017 by distributing survey questionnaire to the students in four classes. Six questions in the questionnaire were used to measure how participants perceived the importance of various goals regarding English instructional approaches. Participants tend to be more interested in Communicative language teaching (CLT) than the traditional English instruction (TRA).

The special law for making Jeju a free international city was implemented in 2001 to develop Jeju an important hub for international tourism. Jeju has been changed into a free international city attracting many foreign tourists, so English has been an important communication tool in Jeju. Also, Jeju has provided top quality English education by attracting world-prestigious international schools to enhance English education competitiveness. However, little attention has been paid on non-linguistic outcomes including English learners' identities changes occurred in the English learning experiences. This study proves that it is important to consider the influence of language learning on learners’ identities changes in the English learning process. The contradictory individual learner’s identity shows that teachers and educational institutions should not only train students’ language skills, but also be aware that L2 learning is closely connected to learners’ identity construction.

Jeju is expected to be transformed into an international city where English is commonly used since the implementation of the special law for making Jeju a free international city in 2001. Jeju special selfgoverning province has successfully established globally renowned international private schools with strong competitiveness and high academic achievement to enhance competitiveness of English education through the Jeju global education city project. The international schools in Jeju have been providing students with competitive English education. For example, they have realized the limitations of the current English education in Korea and introduced English immersion education based on the successful examples of foreign nations that have practiced the immersion education for a long time. They have overcome the markedly low ability of speaking and writing by adopting the English immersion education through Jeju global education city project. Furthermore, Jeju global education city has been facilitating the development of Jeju free international city by establishing a community where people are strongly encouraged to speak in English. However, the efficiency of English education systems in Korea including Jeju is very poor. There have been a lot of researches regarding problems of English education systems in public schools in Korea compared with the amount of time and money invested into it. To solve the problems found in English education in Korea, reading and grammar-oriented teaching methods must be changed to speaking-oriented methods to enhance competitiveness of English education in Korea. Furthermore, it is better for Korean companies not to require all the applicants to submit their formal English proficiency test scores. Instead, they can ask applicants who need to use English in their positions to submit their English scores in order to reduce English frenzy in Korea.

Sacbrood virus (SBV) is one of the most serious honeybee viruses. The virus causes failure to pupate and death in both larvae and adult bees. Recently, Korean Sacbrood virus (KSBV) caused a great loss in Korean honeybee (Apis cerana) colonies. Although KSBV shows high homology with SBV strains, it has unique motifs and causes different symptoms. Therefore, a simple, sensitive and specific method for detecting KSBV is needed urgently. In this study a reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) and a novel micro PCR-based detection method, termed ultra-rapid real-time PCR (URRT-PCR) were applied for rapid detection for korean sacbrood virus (KSBV) from honeybees (Apis cerana) infected with SBV in Korea. The LAMP could be detect the virus in RT-LAMP reactions containing 102copies of pBX-KSBV within 30 min, which was 10 times more sensitive than a RT-PCR assay. The URRT-PCR showed high sensitivities which were able to detect 10 copies in the standard assays. In the application of URRT-PCR detection to an KSBV-infected honeybee, the shortest detection time was 10 min 12 sec, including reverse transcription. In addition, these methods could be distinguished between KSBV and other closely-related SBV strains, These rapid methods were rapid molecular-based diagnostic tools and useful tool for the rapid and sensitive diagnosis of KSBV infection of honeybees.

Sacbrood virus (SBV), a causative agent of larval death in honeybees, is one of the most devastating diseases in bee industry throughout the world. Lately the Korean Sacbrood virus (KSBV) induced great losses in Korean honeybee (Apis cerana) colonies. However, there is no culture system available for honeybee viruses, including SBV, therefore, the research on honeybee viruses is practically limited until present. In this study, we investigated the growth and replication of KSBV in cell cultures. The growth of KSBV was demonstrated by RT-PCR, quantitative real-time PCR, TEM and nucleotide sequence analysis. The results demonstrated that SBVshowed the replication signals in mammalian cell lines, including Vero cells without any signs of cytopathic effect (CPE). The results of RT-PCR, quantitative real-time PCR and in vivo infection with KSBV were also indicated the replication. Phylogenetic tree analysis shows our sequence included in distinct group with other SBV strains from China and Korea. It clearly showed the differenciation between field strain and attenuated strain through cell culture. The results of present study demonstrated for the first time that SBV like other animal viruses could be adapted and attenuated in cells through the sequential passages. The sequential adaptation through cell culture could result in discrepancy of pathogenicity of virus and morphological characterization. For this reason, the present results indicated that the cell adapted SBV could be a valuable tool to study the general properties of this emerging virus, including pathogenicity in the future.

Mn-Fe oxide and Mn-Fe oxide/(50wt%/50wt%) were prepared by ball milling method. XRD data of the prepared samples revealed that hematite and ferrite phase coexisted. Water splitting at 1273K, after thermal reduction at 1573K, was performed 4 times for the samples. Hydrogen production amount was analyzed by GC with TCD detector. Water splitting capacity of Mn-Fe oxide was improved by ball milling with .

The maritime logistics environment including seaborne trade, shipping and ports is changing rapidly and continuously. Large containerships, mega carriers and global terminal operators try to achieve economies of scale and economies of scope. As a result of the changing environment, the competition between ports to achieve competitiveness is intensive. Port competition among China, Japan and Korea is becoming fiercer, both directly and indirectly, resulting from the increased trade in northeast Asia. Port development projects within each country stimulate more intensive port competition. As a result, overcapacity, fierce price competition and overlapping hinterland problems will be caused in the future. Co-operation for survival is considered as a strategy in order to solve anticipated problems caused by port competition Busan port, for instance, could co-operate with China and Japan as well as with other ports in Korea Terminal operators' expansion through investments including joint-ventures will make connections between ports smoother. At the port authority level, continuous cooperative interchange between countries is indispensable.