본 연구과제는 아시아지역 AFACI(Asian Food & Agriculture Cooperation Initiative) 회원 13개국을 대상으로 토마토 또는 고추 품종육성 기술을 지원하기 위해 수행 되었다. AFACI 회원국 별 채소 육종 및 종자 생산, 가공, 유통 기술 수준 차이가 크다. 라오스, 미얀마, 캄보디아 등의 회원국에서는 자가 종자 생산이 어려워 필 요 종자의 70~80%를 다른 나라에서 수입하여 활용하고 있다. AFACI 회원국들의 자가 종자 생산기술 향상을 통한 자체 종자 생산을 지원하기 위해 회원국들의 요 청을 받아 고추 또는 토마토 작목의 품종육성 기술지원을 수행하였다. 회원국에서 보유하고 있는 다양한 재래종 자원들의 수집, 평가 및 선발과 세계채소센터에서 육성한 자원들을 공급받아 육종 재료로 활용하였다. 본 과제는 2019년 11월부터 2022년 10월까지 1단계 과정을 통해 회원국별로 다양한 성과들을 창출하고 있다. 효율적인 기술지원을 위해 세계채소센터 전문가들을 활용하여 육종 기술과 재료 들을 공급하였다. 2단계에서는 1단계에서 확보된 다양한 자원들을 활용한 우수 고 정종 품종 등록과 일대잡종 품종육성 기술을 지원할 계획이다. 육성된 품종들은 국가별 품종 등록 절차에 따라 품종보호출원 및 농가 보급을 추진할 계획이다. 1 단계에서는 코로나 19로 인한 대면 교육이 불가능하여 국내 종자회사들과의 소통 이 어려웠다. 하지만 2단계에서는 대면 교육 기회를 확대하고, 국내 채소 종자 업 체와 회원국의 연구원들 간의 소통을 확대하여 국내 종자 기업들의 해외 진출에 도 기여 할 수 있도록 노력할 계획이다.

비료는 작물 재배 및 생산성 증대를 위해 필수 농업자재이다. 식량안보 및 영양결핍 해소를 위해 베트남에서는 스마트 한 방법으로 농업의 혁신을 가속화하고 있다. 작물 생산의 주된 목적은 시장 요구에 맞는 안전한 농산물을 재배하는 것으로 본 논문에서는 작물 생산 측면에서의 베트남의 화학비료 및 유기비료에 대한 현황 등을 소개하였다. 1960년대부터 최근까지 베트남의 비료 역사와 작물 재배에 있어 화학비료와 유기비료의 현황 등을 소개하였다. 베트남에 서 대부분의 작물 재배에 있어 화학비료와 유기비료를 7:3의 비율로 사용하는 것을 권장하였다. 그러나, 무엇보다 토양, 기후, 작물 및 시장의 요구에 맞게 양분 균형을 이루어지게 활용하는 것이 중요하다고 제안하였다. 또한, 완효성 비료 등 차세대 글로벌 시장의 비료 산업에 대한 전망도 제안하였다.

Recently, in Korea various kinds of genetically modified (GM) crops have been imported and used as a raw material to manufacture foods and livestock feeds, but the different social concerns about the benefits and the potential risks of GM crops are being shown with a different reaction from the public. Thus a persistent management is required for the safe utilization of genetically modified organism (GMO). PCR analysis of transgene into crop is generally performed for the efficient post management of GMOs. The most important prerequisite for the application of nucleic acid detections is to decide the effective DNA-extraction methods. Particularly, in the case of processed feeds, the nucleic acids of which may be damaged by heating, high pressure, pH treatments, fermentation, etc. in processing, DNA must be extracted with high sensitivity from the samples to perform the PCR successfully. In this study, seven of DNA-extraction methods used commercially and non-commercially were compared with respect to the yields and quality of DNA extracted from livestock feeds and those crop materials. Amounts of genomic DNA obtained from the extraction methods varies according to feed configurations and crop materials. The DNA yield and uniformity of samples extracted with PG, CTAB, and QF method is greater than that obtained from other extraction methods. In the DNA integrity of the selected extraction methods, PCR analysis showed distinct amplifications and similar patterns in detecting crop endogenous genes and GMO genes. These results would be applicable for the selection of an adequate DNA-extraction method in extracting processed feeds and/or crop materials.

This review highlights the current status of Tunisian olive production, challenges facing the sector and opportunities available. Olive, a fruit tree native to Mediterranean countries, is the subject of increased international interest for olive oil production for the global food market. Olive and olive oil production in Tunisia are of great socio-economic importance, with more than 70 millions olive trees including a wide range of cultivars and represents the third important leg in fruit production. Tunisia is the 4th largest producer of olive oil in the world and oil exports represent 40% of the overall value of agronomic exports and 5.5 % of aggregate exports, making it the fifth largest source of foreign currency earnings for the country. However, the actual production of olive oil could be increased by the entire contributors in the sector and by the monitoring by government extension services. Almost 2 out of 3 farmers grow olives in the country. The crop is spread over areas from the northern to the southern regions, where a wide range of edaphon-climatic conditions prevail, from lower semi-arid to arid conditions and receiving annually less than 250 mm of rain-fall (IOOC, 2003). So far, most of the production has been done using traditional techniques and under rainfed conditions. This translates into extremely erratic production levels depending on the year. The major challenges for olive production and for Tunisian producers are to improve fruit and oil quality in order to maintain their competitiveness on the international oil market and to meet consumer demands. The major opportunity available to develop Tunisian olive sector is primarily the improvement of yields, the raising of productivity and oil quality and meet the recent boom in demand for olive oil and table olive around the world.

Natural and artificially induced mutants have provided valuable resources for plant genetic studies and crop improvement. Some variations induced in the process of plant transformation have often been observed in regenerated plants. In this study, we investigated the insertion number of transgene and the flanking sequences of T-DNA in tall-induced line BP23, which was unexpectedly gained in the process of transformation of insect-resistant rice with cryBP1 gene, and also analyzed the whole-genome sequencing by using the NGS technologies to gain a better understanding of the sequence and structural changes between tall line or natural cultivar and rice reference. than others, was confirmed with two copies of foreign gene insertion, which was inserted in one genomic site facing each other between the position 2,430,152~2,430,151 of rice chromosome 12 without any deletion of genomic sequences. Sequencing analysis also revealed that 18bp-unknown sequences were added in the 5′ insertion site of T-DNA. This position in rice genome was confirmed with none of expressed gene sites. By the NGS analysis, we detected 86560 SNPs and 1091/1472 large insertion/deletion (indel) sites (100bp) between BP23 and rice reference, and 84743 SNPs and 1094/1451 large indels between natural cultivar Nagdong and rice reference. The possible mechanisms for the gene mutation, the developmental and tissue expression of the taller height in BP23 line may need to be scrutinized a few more.

The β-carotene biofortified transgenic soybean was developed recently through Agrobacterium -mediated transformation using the recombinant PAC (Phytoene synthase-2A-Carotene desaturase) gene in Korean soybean (Glycine max L. cv. Kwangan). GM crops prior to use as food or release into the environment required risk assessments to environment and human health in Korea. Generally, transgenic plants containing a copy of T-DNA were used for stable expression of desirable trait gene in risk assessments. Also, information about integration site of T-DNA can be used to test the hypothesis that the inserted DNA does not trigger production of unintended transgenic proteins, or disrupt plant genes, which may cause the transgenic crop to be harmful. As these reasons, we selected four transgenic soybean lines expressing carotenoid biosynthesis genes with a copy of T-DNA by using Southern blot analysis, and analyzed the integration sites of their T-DNA by using flanking sequence analysis. The results showed that, T-DNA of three transgenic soybean lines (7-1-1-1, 9-1-2, 10-10-1) was inserted within intergenic region of the soybean chromosome, while T-DNA of a transgenic soybean line (10-19-1) located exon region of chromosome 13. This data of integration site and flanking sequences is useful for the biosafety assessment and for the identification of the β-carotene biofortified transgenic soybean.

A variety of genetically modified (GM) crops have been developed in Korea. In these crops, the resveratrol-enriched transgenic rice plant has moved ahead to generate the dossier for regulatory review process required for commercialization of GM crop. The resveratrol-enriched transgenic rice plant could be released to farmers for cultivation after national regulators have determined that it is safe for the environment and human health. Here we developed a PCR-based DNA marker based on flanking sequences of transgene for the discrimination of zygosity in resveratrol-enriched transgenic rice plant. This DNA marker will be useful for identifying of resveratrol-enriched transgenic rice plant, and can also be use to estimate transgene movement occurred by pollen transfer or seed distribution.

The β-carotene biofortified transgenic soybean was developed recently through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation using the recombinant PAC (Phytoene synthase-2A-Carotene desaturase) gene in Korean soybean (Glycine max L. cv. Kwangan). GM crops prior to use as food or release into the environment required risk assessments to environment and human health in Korea. Generally, transgenic plants containing a copy of T-DNA were used for stable expression of desirable trait gene in risk assessments. Also, information about integration site of T-DNA can be used to test the hypothesis that the inserted DNA does not trigger production of unintended transgenic proteins, or disrupt plant genes, which may cause the transgenic crop to be harmful. As these reasons, we selected four transgenic soybean lines expressing carotenoid biosynthesis genes with a copy of T-DNA by using Southern blot analysis, and analyzed the integration sites of their T-DNA by using flanking sequence analysis. The results showed that, T-DNA of three transgenic soybean lines (7-1-1-1, 9-1-2, 10-10-1) was inserted within intergenic region of the soybean chromosome, while T-DNA of a transgenic soybean line (10-19-1) located exon region of chromosome 13. This data of integration site and flanking sequences is useful for the biosafety assessment and for the identification of the β-carotene biofortified transgenic soybean.