The Black Soldier Fly (BSF, Hermetia illucens) was widely distributed throughout Korea. This insect was mainly found in the vicinity of and in cattle sheds, manure sheds, living waste dump grounds, and food waste dump grounds. This fly is a kind of a beneficial fly because BSF adults do not go into houses, they do not regurgitate on human food, they do not bite, bother or pester humans in any way and they are not associated in any way with the transmission of disease. But their greatest attribute lies their ability to eat and digest raw waste. They can devour, for example, a large, raw, Irish potato and others in just a few hours. Unlike many other flies, since the BSF larvae have very powerful mouth parts and digestive enzymes, they can ingest raw waste far more efficiently than any other known species of fly. On this study, to investigate whether feeding strategy of the BSF larvae involves extra-oral digestion or not, and to better understand this process, the salivary glands and a few tissue from the BSF were dissected and subjected to morphological and preliminary enzyme characterization.

Varroa destructor is an ecto-parasite mite and worldwide pest of the honey bee Apis mellifera L. The pyrethroid tau-fluvalinate (Apistan), an acaricide that is tolerated by honey bees, has been used for varroa mite control since the mid 1980s. Even though various resistances to tau-fluvalinate in varroa mites have been reported from Europe, Israel, and USA, the nature of tau-fluvalinate resistance in varroa mites in Korea has never been investigated. To investigate and understand tau-fluvalinate resistance in varroa mites in Korea, we conducted bioassay in several apiaries located different regions in Korea. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the difference of tau-fluvalinate resistances in varroa mites, partial genomic DNA fragments of a voltage-sensitive sodium channel gene from varroa mites were cloned and sequenced, since tau-fluvalinate is known to act on the sodium channels directly. Two novel mutations in sodium channels of varroa mites were present in eight apiaries. Two mutations might be a geographical polymorphism of sodium channel of varroa mites in Korea.

Ovarian tissue cryopreservation and transplantation causes follicle depletion. To overcome this problem, we investigate the effect of Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), a follicle recruitment control hormone, supplementation before and/or after mouse ovarian transplantation. A total of 120 5-week-aged BD F-1 female mice were used. The mice were randomly divided into four groups according to AMH doses (0, 5, 25, 125 μg/mL, respectively). AMH was injected intraperitoneally on every other day for a week before, after, or before and after transplantation of ovaries under kidney capsules was performed. One week after transplantation, follicular normality was evaluated by histological analysis and TUNEL assay. In Group A and C, morphologically intact follicle (G1) ratios of AMH treated groups showed no statistically significant difference. In Group B, G1 ratios of 25 and 125 μg/mL of AMH treated groups were higher than those of 5 μg/mL treated group, but there was no improvement in G1 ratio after AMH treatment. In every group, apoptotic follicle ratios did not show any trend according to AMH treatment. Proportions of primordial follicle were not significantly different according to AMH treatment in all groups. The result of the present study demonstrated that AMH treatment during on transplantation of cryopreserved ovaries has no significant effect on follicle survival and prevention of follicle depletion.

Objective : To investigate the effects of Simvastatin and Methylprednisolone on ovarian tissue cryopreservation and transplantation using mouse models. Methods : The mice were randomly distributed into 1 control and 3 experimental groups. The B6D2F1 mice were given oral Simvastatin (5 mg/kg), intravenous Methylprednisolone (15 mg/kg), or a combination of both at 2 hours before ovariectomy. Same volume of normal saline was given perorally in the control group at 2 hours before ovariectomy. The ovarian tissues were vitrified accrording to our protocols. The vitrified ovaries were warmed 1 week later and auto-transplanted under bilateral kidney capsules. The ovaries and blood sera were collected at 2, 7 or 21 days after transplantation. Histological analysis, TUNEL assay, immuno-histochemistry for CD31, serum AMH level and embryonic development after in vitro fertilization were assessed for evaluation. Results : With regard to the total grade 1 follicle rate, both Simvastatin or Methylprednisolone treated groups were significantly increased at 2, 7 or 21 days after transplantation (except Simvastatin treated group at 7 days). A combination of Simvastatin and Methylprednisolone group was significantly improved in terms of the total G1 follicle rate, apoptotic follicle rate, CD31 positive area and serum AMH after ovarian tissue transplantation. However, there were no statistically difference with respect to the oocyte maturation rate, blastulation rate, and the other embryonic development parameters after in vitro fertilization procedure among the four groups. Conclusion : Our results suggest that combined donor Simvastatin and Methylprednisolone have beneficial effects on the quality and function of transplanted ovarian tissues.

A new garden pea cultivar, Daehyup 2, was developed at the Yeongnam Agricultural Research Institute (YARI) in 2006. It was selected from the cross between Olwandu and Sachulwandu in 1996. The preliminary, advanced, and regional yield trials for evaluation and selection of this cultivar were carried out from 2003 to 2006. It has white flower, yellow cotyledon, absent or very weakly curved pod shape and yellow seed color. It was resistant to virus and powdery mildew disease. The 100 green seed weight of Daehyup 2 was 65.5 g, which was 8.9 g heavier than check cultivar. The sucrose and total sugar contents of fresh pod of Daehyup 2 were 11.1% and 12.5%, respectively, which were 3.2% and 4.3% higher than those of Sachulwandu. The fresh pod yield of Daehyup 2 was similar to that of Sachulwandu with 12.16 ton per hectare in the regional yield trials carried out in three locations of Korea from 2005 to 2006.

A new black seed coat soybean variety, “Socheong” was developed at the Yeongnam Agricultural Research Institute (YARI) in 2006. The goal to breed the black seed coat soybean is to develop the cultivar with high yield, lodging tolerance, resistant to disease such as soybean mosaic virus (SMV), and bacterial pustule and seed size. Socheong was selected from the cross between Milyang 78, which was late maturing, susceptible to lodging and SMV and with large seed size and green cotyledon, and Peking which was tolerant to lodging and with small seed size. The preliminary, advanced and regional yield trials for evaluation and selection of this variety were carried out from 2002 to 2006. It has determinate growth habit, white flower, brown pubescence, brown pod color, black seed coat, green cotyledon, elongated flattened seed shape, oval leaf shape and small seed size (15.7 grams per 100 seeds), and it was 3 days later in maturity than the check cultivar Cheongjakong. Socheong was higher, in the seed quality of sucrose and total sugar contents (6.8 and 8.2%) and isoflavone contents (1,754 ㎍/g) than the check cultivar. Futhermore, it has good characteristics for mechanical harvest, such as lodging tolerance, pod shattering and stem diameter. It also has been identified to have resistance to soybean mosaic virus symptom which was the troublesome soybean diseases. The average yield of Socheong was 2.21 ton per hectare in the regional yield trials carried out in four locations of Korea among seven locations from 2004 to 2006, which was 5 percent lower than the check cultivar Cheongjakong.

A new black seed coat soybean cultivar, “Heugmi” was developed at the Yeongnam Agricultural Research Institute (YARI) in 2006. The goal to breed the black seed coat soybean is to develop the cultivar with high yield, lodging tolerance, resistant to disease such as soybean mosaic virus (SMV), and bacterial pustule and seed size. Heugmi was selected from the cross between Milyang 78, which was late maturing, susceptible to lodging and SMV and with large seed size and green cotyledon, and Milyang 68, which was middle maturing, resistant to lodging and SMV and with middle seed size and yellow cotyledon. The preliminary, advanced and regional yield trials for evaluation and selection of this cultivar were carried out from 2001 to 2006. It has determinate growth habit, purple flower, brown pubescence, black pod color, black seed coat, green cotyledon, spherical seed shape, oval leaf shape and middle seed size (24.8 grams per 100 seeds), and it was 2 days earlier in maturity than the check cultivar Cheongjakong. Heugmi was better in the seed quality of crude protein contents, sucrose and total sugar contents than the check cultivar. It also has been identified to have resistance to SMV which was the troublesome soybean diseases. The average yield of Heugmi was 2.53 ton per hectare in the regional yield trials carried out in seven locations of Korea from 2004 to 2006, which was 8 percent higher than the check cultivar Cheongjakong.

"Mirang", a new cultivar for vegetable soybean, was developed fi-om the cross between "Keunol" and "Geunjeongol"a black seed coat with black hilum and yellow cotyledon. Over 3 year of Korea Regional Adaptation Tests (2003-2005) for veg-etable soybean, Mir

"Danmi 2", a new cultivar for vegetable soybean, was developed from the cross between "Seokryangput" and"YS1307" (Seokryangput/Mi1yang77) at Yeongnam Agricultural Research Institute and released in 2005. The pedigree of'Danmi2", designated as Milyang 145

A new black seed coated soybean cultivar, "Ilpumgeumjeong 2" was developed at the Yeongnam Agricultural ResearchInstitute (YARI) m 2005. Ilpumgeumjeong 2 was selected &om the cross between "Milyang 68" and "Suwon 178". The prelim-inary, advanced and regio