식품 제조업체에서 식품 내에서 발생하는 곤충관련이물의 저감화를 위하여 과자류, 면류, 캔디류에서의 곤충관련이 물 클레임 발생 상황을 2010년부터 2018년까지 약 9년간 1481건의 곤충관련이물 클레임을 현물, 사진 등을 통하여 조사하였다. 과자류에서는 분류학적으로는 딱정벌레목, 생태학적으로는 저장해충류가 높은 빈도를 보였으며, 발생유 형으로는 치사성충의 빈도가 가장 높게 나타났다. 또한, 면류, 캔디류에서는 분류학적으로는 나비목, 생태학적으로는 저장해충류가 가장 높은 빈도를 차지하였으며, 발생유형으로는 치사성충의 빈도가 가장 높게 나타났다. 모든 식품유형 에서 공통적으로 곤충이물은 유통, 소비 단계에서 주로 유입되는 것으로 조사되었다.

Developmental period of Trogoderma variabile can be affected by many factors. The larvae of Trogoderma variabile enter diapause in unfavorable conditions. In this study, a comparison will be made between feeds (wheat flour, mixture of wheat flour and bran, dried pollack) and humidity (15%, 60%) in the same temperature (30℃ ±0.5) for 6 months. In the results, there are differences between feeds. Feeding mixture of wheat flour and bran was the shortest developmental period. Feeding dried pollack took few months to emerge, although we could not observe emergence for wheat flour. Even though humidity makes differences for feeding dried pollack, there were no significant differences for mixture on the different humidity. From that results, we could assume that the strongest affect on the developmental period is feeding material. Additionally, depends on feeding material, the other factors may affect on the developmental period.

Trogoderma variabile B. is one species of well-known stored product insect. This study was conducted to test the perforation ability of larvae of T. variabile on different packaging films which has been widely used in food industry at different thickness. The tested packaging films are polypropylene (PP) 20μm, low density polyethylene (LDPE) 20μm, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) 12μm, PP 30μm and PP 40μm. This investigation was carried out for 7 days. In the same order as the films mentioned above, the perforation rate are 33.33%, 0%, 14.81%, 29.62%, 0%. From these results, the easiest film to perforate among PP, LDPE, PET is PP, and there are significant differences on thickness. Therefore, different type of materials and thickness would be considered to be used for food packaging.

방충포장 상용화 연구를 위하여 선정된 천연기피물질을 이용한 방충포장 소재를 개발하고 이들의 저장해충에 대한 방충효과를 시험하였다. ㈜농심의 라면포장 박스의 접착제로 사용되는 핫멜트에 0, 2%의 기피물질을 처리하고 화랑곡나방에 대한 방충효과를 시험한 결과, 2% 기피물질이 처리된 방충 핫멜트 처리구와 무처리구 간 화랑곡나방 개체수는 박스외부에서는 차이가 없었으나(df=30, t=0.56, P>0.05), 박스의 골판지 틈새(df=30, t=6.78, P<0.05)와 박스내 부(df=30, t=2.45, P<0.05)에서는 처리구에서 유의하게 적게 나타났으며, 무처리구와 처리구 박스내부 전체(박스내부+ 골판지 틈새)와 박스 전체에서 발견된 화랑곡나방 개체수도 처리구에서 유의하게 적은 것으로 조사되었다 (내부전체: df=30, t=13.58, P<0.05, 박스전체: df=30, t=13.60, P<0.05). 화랑곡나방 유충이 발견된 위치는 무처리구와 처리구 모두에서 박스외부가 가장 적었으며, 박스내부와 골판지 틈새의 순으로 조사되었으며 전체적으로 처리구에서 유의하 게 적게 발견되었다.

현재까지의 저장시설 내 저장해충 방제는 주로 메칠브르로마이드(MB)나 PH3와 같은 고독성 훈증제를 사용하여 왔으나 이와 같은 화학약품의 사용은 인축에 잔류독성이나 생태계 파괴와 같은 부작용을 초래하였다. 따라서 화학약품 의 사용을 최대로 억제하면서 친환경적이고 효과적인 방제방법이 요구되고 있다. 본 연구는 이산화염소(ClO2) 가스를 이용하여 저장시설 내 대표적 저장해충인 화랑곡나방과 어리쌀바구미의 치사율, 생존율, 부화율, 용화율 및 발육일수 등의 생태적 특성을 조사하여 이산화염소의 저장해충에 대한 효과와 적용 가능성을 검증하고자 하였으며, 연구는 실험실과 야외 운반용 컨테이너 및 실제 저장시설인 미곡처리장에서 진행되었다. 이산화염소 가스를 이용한 저장해충 방제는 기존 훈증제의 사용을 대체할 수 있는 효과적이고 친환경적인 방법으로 저장시설의 규모, 농도, 처리시간, 대상해충 종에 따라 효과적으로 조절이 가능하여 방제효과와 경제성 두 가지 측면을 극대화 할 수 있을 것이라 생각된다.

This study was conducted to assess the environmental risk of CMV resistant GM pepper and to evaluate the effects of the transgenic pepper (Line: H15) with CMV resistant gene and non-transgenic peppers (Line: P2377, PM Singang, Berota) without gene introduction on the insect community in the three pepper cultivation areas. Sampling was conducted using yellow sticky traps in Deokso, Anseong and Ochang fields, respectively. The total number of insect individuals caught by sticky trap was not shown significant differences between GM and non-GM pepper at Deokso, Anseong and Ochang fields, respectively. Also, there were no significant differences in density of aphids caught on sticky traps between GM and non-GM pepper, and the species richness and species diversity was no statistical difference between the types of crops, GM and non-GM at three experimental pepper fields.

A novel oxidant fumigation (NOF) has been considered as alternative fumigant to replace methyl bromide that is a serious ozone depleter. Its high oxidative activity has been used as a bleaching or sanitary agent. Though some reports an insecticidal activity of NOF, its insecticidal action is yet to be understood. This study was conducted with an observation of an insecticidal activity of NOF against Plodia interpunctella, which is a stored grain insect pest. Cytotoxicity test was performed by using MTT assay, NOF gave a significant cytotoxicity on both Sf9 cells and HiFive insect cell lines. Sf9 cells were higher susceptible (IC50 = 43.2+ 3.5 ppm) to chloride dioxide than HiFive cells (IC50 = 174.6 + 5.9 ppm). To understand its cytotoxic effect on P. interpunctella, the larval hemocytes were incubated in vitro with different doses of NOF for 40 min at room temperature. In a dose-dependent manner, NOF gave a significant toxicity to the hemocytes. When NOF was injected to larvae of P. interpunctella, it significantly reduced total hemocyte counts compared to control. These results indicate that NOF has cytotoxic effect against hemocytes of P. interpunctella. This hemolytic activity of NOF can be regarded as a lethal factor to the stored grain insect pest.

The larval parasitoid, Bracon hebetor, attacks third or older larvae of indianmeal moth (Plodia interpunctella), which results in laying eggs or simply paralyzing the larvae. We studied the influence of the parasitoid’s attack on the larval development of indianmeal moth. The third larval instars of the same age were collected from the experimental colonies and each larva introduced in an acrylic cube (2 x 2 x 2 cm) treated with: 1) empty, 2) three rice grains, 3) three rice grains and a female parasitoid without ovipositor (by removing) and 4) three rice grains and a paralyzed larva. The larval activity in the experimental cube was photographed every five minutes until the larva died or pupated. Only the larvae in the cube with paralyzed larvae could pupate and emerge. The other larvae in the three treatments died before pupating, although the survival time was significantly different in relation to the treatment (F=5.27; df=2,14; P=0.019); the larvae in the empty cube had a shorter survival time than those in the rest of treatments. The results indicated that the paralyzed larvae could be fed by the health larvae and contribute to prevent population crush in the situation of food shortage with the presence of the parasitoids. The host parasitoid interaction between indianmeal moth and Bracon hebetor might not always be negative to the indianmeal moth population.

The effects of the genetically modified virus-resistant pepper (line: H15) and the Non-GM pepper (line: P2377) on the insect community in the pepper cultivation area were evaluated. Sampling was conducted using yellow sticky traps and pheromone funnel traps in Anseong and Deokso fields. Total number of insects caught on sticky trap were 3924 individuals at GM pepper and 3670 individuals at Non-GM pepper in Anseong and 2362 individuals at GM and 2528 individuals at Non-GM in Deokso, respectively. The total number of the insect individuals caught by sticky trap was not shown significant differences between GM and Non-GM pepper at Anseong and Deokso fields, respectively. The number of aphids per sticky trap ranged from 11.60±2.02 to 1.92±0.96 at Non-GM and from 11.56±2.15 to 0.33±0.23 at GM in Anseong, and from 2.78±1.22 to 0.11±0.08 and from 2.73±0.84 to 0.11±0.08 at Non-GM and GM pepper in Deokso, respectively. There were no significant differences in seasonal occurrences of aphids caught on sticky traps in GM and Non-GM pepper at both fields, and significant differences in aphids population density between Non-GM and GM were not observed.

The life table statistics of diamondback moth on the transgenic Chinese cabbage (line: SKCP) with myrosinase gene was compared with that on the non transgenic Chinese cabbage (line: SC) at 25±1℃. Adult life span and number of progeny of P. xylostella on the SC and SKCP lines were similar to each other. The sex ratio, developmental period, intrinsic rate of increase and finite rate of increase of P. xylostella on SC and SKCP were not significantly different in both treatments (sex rati t=-1.60; df=220; P=0.1108, developmental period: t=-0.55; df=220; P=0.5803, intrinsic rate of increase: t=-0.11; df=45; P=0.9172). However, the finite rate of increase and net reproduction were significantly different in between SC and SKCP lines (finite rate of increase: t=2.26; df=45; P=0.0287, net reproduction: t=2.08; df=45; P=0.0442). This work was supported financially by Biogreen21 project of Rural Development Administration (No. 20070301-034-010)

The effects of the genetically modified virus-resistant pepper (line: 15, 20) and the non-GM pepper (line: 2377, 915) on the insect community in the pepper cultivation area were evaluated. Sampling was conducted using yellow sticky traps and pheromone funnel traps in Anseong and Deokso fields. Total number of insects caught on sticky trap were 3273 individuals at GM pepper and 2949 individuals at non-GM pepper in Anseong and 4357 individuals at GM and 3712 individuals at non-GM in Deokso. Total number of aphids collected on leaves were 451 and 330 individuals at GM and non-GM pepper in Anseong, respectively and 79 individuals at GM and 41 individuals at non-GM pepper in Deokso. The total number of the insect individuals caught on sticky trap was not shown significant differences between GM and non-GM pepper at Anseong and Deokso fields, respectively. Also, there were no significant differences in seasonal occurrences of aphids caught on sticky traps in GM and non-GM pepper at both fields. This work was supported financially by Biogreen21 project of Rural Development Administration (No. 20070301-034-010).

The effects of the transgenic Chinese cabbage (SKCP19 line) with myrosinase gene and Chinese cabbage (SC19 line) without gene introduction on the insect community were evaluated. Sampling was conducted using yellow sticky traps and wing pheromone traps in Anseong and Deokso fields, respectively. The total number of individuals caught by sticky trap was not shown significant differences between transgenic Chinese cabbage and non transgenic Chinese cabbage at Anseong and Deokso fields, respectively (t=0.72; df=46; P>0.05, t=0.38; df=38; P>0.05). Also, There were no significant differences in density of Plutella xylostella population caught by pheromone traps on transgenic and non transgenic cabbage at both fields (t=0.59; df=22; P>0.05, t=0.52; df=18; P>0.05). This study was funded by BioGreen21 project of Rural Department Administration (No. 20080401-034-039).