최근 급속하게 발전하고 있는 유전자교정기술은 식물이 생산하는 특정 이차 대사산물의 집적을 유도하기 위한 식물대사공학연구에 아주 유용하게 이용되고 있다. 특히 이들 기술 들을 이용하여 만든 유전자교정 작물 중에 일부는 외래 DNA 단편이 잔존 하지 않기 때문에 기존의 유전자변형작물의 안전 관리규정에 적용되지 않을 수 있다는 장점이 있다. 따라서 본 리뷰는 phenylpropanoid 대사과정에 의하여 합성되는 다양한 종류의 이차대사산물을 집적시키기 위한 유전자교정 기술의 적용 연구결과 들을 조사하였다. 먼저, phenylpropanoid 생합성 대사과정에 관여하는 다양한 효소를 암호하는 유전자들을 목표로 하여 식물의 종에 따라 특이하게 집적되는 flavonoids, anthocyanin, 수용성 tannins, 로즈마린산 등의 집적을 유도하거나 화색을 변경하는 등의 성공적인 연구결과들을 검토하였다. 또한, phenylpropanoid 대사과정의 조절에 최종조절 스위치 역할을 하는 수많은 종류의 MYB 전사인자를 암호 하는 유전자를 목표로 하여 CRISPR 유전자교정을 시도한 연구결과들로부터 식물의 이차세포벽 형성에 관여하는 lignin, 물관부, cellulose 등의 생합성 조절 기작을 이해하고 MYB family에 속하는 수많은 종류의 유전자에 대한 개별적인 기능 분석 연구결과들을 조사 분석하여, 문제점 및 향후 연구 방향 등을 검토하였다.

In South Korea, the total root production volume of Platycodon grandiflorum was 5,255ton in 1991 but it rapidly decreased to about 50% (2,697 ton) in 2002. From 2006, however, it has beengradually increased and reached to 6,759 ton in 2011. Meantime, the imported root of Platycodon grandi-florum for the pharmaceutical purpose was 429 ton in 2001 but it has been dramatically decreased to 36ton in 2011. Instead, the imported volume of dried or fresh one for food was 11,652 ton in 2008 andremained at similar level up to now. Although the volume was very little (less than 23 ton), Platycodongrandiflorum's root cultivated in South Korea has also been exported to China, Japan and several coun-tries. Gyeongnam province in South Korea produced 1,100 ton of Platycodon grandiflorum's root in 2010and Geochang gun produced the largest volume (743 ton). Recently, the cultivation area is continuallyincreased in Hapcheon and Sancheong-Gun. We predict that the total production volume of Platycodongrandiflorum's root in South Korea will be continually increased in future due to consumer's continuousdemands and a rising unit price.

In this study, we used dried ginger ethanol extracts which had been used for alleviation of pain and antipyretics for a long time, and confirmed anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities among various pharmacological actions of dried ginger. The result of antioxidant activity using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging activity, dried ginger shows concentration-dependent radical scavenging activity and more than 80% radical scavenging activity at concentration of dried ginger above 1 mg/ml. Also, in the mouse experiment in which gluten intolerance was induced by providing gluten meal, the effect of inhibiting weight loss was confirmed comparing administrated gluten group and dried ginger administration group. In addition, IL-4, an allergic cytokine, was measured in the small intestine and serum using ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), the results showed that IL-4 production in the dried ginger administration group was significantly reduced compared with the administered gluten 200 mg/ml group. In case of IL-6 and TNF-α production, which are inflammatory cytokines, decreased in the primary culture cell treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for induction of inflammation after treatment with dried ginger in a dose-dependent manner. As a result, it was confirmed that the dried ginger extract has a high antioxidant activity and has a mitigating effect on the gluten intolerance which is an inflammatory allergic reaction.

The Purpose of this study was to develop Agro-entrepreneurial education program for agriculture college students, In order to investigate the relationship between the types of agricultural starup business and the entrepreneurial intention, we surveyed 224 Agriculture college students in the 3rd and 4th grades using a questionnaire. The results of this study are as follows: First, college students majoring in agriculture have very low interest in establishing agricultural business. Second, there is a difference in the perception of agricultural entrepreneurship between agriculture college students who are engaged in farming as family business and those who do not. agriculture college students who are engaged in farming as family business (Successive Students). The effect of entrepreneurship on entrepreneurship was different by family business for successive students, initiative and challenge spirit had a significant impact on the agro-entrepreneurial intention. otherwise, non successive students have impacted by innovation and social responsibility. Third, in terms of entrepreneurship, the lower the challenge spirit, the greater the willingness to start an agriculture business. The results supported that for agriculture college students, in order to educate individual customized farming management, it is necessary to confirm whether or not agriculture is a family business.

The Purpose of this study was to develop integrate education program and method for college students, We run English education program and Farming activities half and half; such as endangered plant surveys, gardening, mulching, visiting university attached farm, and local tourism farm for 4 weeks. The results of this study are as follows: First, Agro-entrepreneurial intention is more likely to be found in the English & Farming activity participants, and Male students than English&culture activity participants, and female students respectively. In the context of the effectiveness of the English Learning Program, students with poor English learning usefulness have strong desire to build up their own business, whereas those with higher English learning suitability are more likely to have a strong desire to start farming. In terms of entrepreneurship, the tendency toward entrepreneurship, risk sensitivity. and in terms of self – efficacy, The bigger the confidence, the greater the will to start an agricultural business. The results supported that The English education program with farming activities has a significant and positive influence on Agro-entrepreneurial intention in college students.

도라지는 세계적으로 1속1종만 알려져 있는 식물로 관상용으로 도 가치가 있는 대표적인 약용 및 식용식물이다. 경상남도에서 제 정된 토종농산물 보존·육성에 관한 조례에 도라지가 포함되는 등 국내에 자생하는 토종 도라지에 관한 관심이 증대되고 있으며 여기 에 최근 국내 도라지 최대 수출국이던 중국의 자국 내 도라지 수요 증가로 수출물량의 감소로 인해 국내의 재배면적 및 생산량이 증가 하고 있는 추세에 있다. 이러한 추세에 발 맞춰 장백도라지의 대량 증식을 위한 조직배양 및 순화 조건, 도라지 재배로 인한 토양의 화 학적 특성변화, 뿌리 썩음 방제, 수확 후 저장 및 가공과정에 관한 연 구결과가 보고되고 있다. 한편, 국내산 토종도라지는 지표물질로 알려진 platycodin D 가 중국산에 비해 현저히 적다는 것이 다수의 연구결과에 의해 입증되고 있다. 하지만 기존 발표된 연구결과를 종합 해 볼 때 도라지의 다양한 약리작용을 platycodin D 가 대표하 지는 않는다는 점이 뒷받침 되므로 국내산 도라지의 고유성분에 대 한 연구와 이를 증가시킬 수 있는 재배방법 및 가공방법에 대한 체 계적인 연구가 시급한 실정이다. 따라서 본 고 에서는 도라지의 기 원, 재배, 가공, 효능에 대해 분야별로 최근 보고된 연구결과를 종합 하여 다음과 같이 국내도라지 연구에 대한 방향을 제안하고자 한 다. 첫째, 외래종에 비해 토종 도라지는 사포닌이 platycodin D에 편중되지 않고 재배기간이 길어질수록, 측근이 발달할수록 극성이 큰 사포닌 생성이 되므로 이러한 사포닌에 대한 생체이용률을 높이 기 위해서는 발효 또는 가열처리에 대한 연구가 필요하다. 둘째, platycodin D가 항암연구에 집중되어 있다면 platycodin D 이외 의 국내산 도라지에 함유된 다양한 사포닌으로 콜레스테롤 감소효 과, 면역조절작용 및 기억력개선작용에 대한 연구가 필요하다. 셋 째, 도라지의 뿌리 이외에 지상부에 함유된 페놀성 화합물의 항산 화작용을 이용한 연구가 필요하다고 결론지을 수 있다.

During the screening program to evaluate the antiallergic activity of herbal medicines, Schizandra chinensis was found to inhibit the mouse PCA reaction induced by IgE-antigen complex. To evaluate the antiallergic effect of the fruit of Schizandra chinensis Baill (Family Magnoliaceae), which attenuate compound 48/80 induced vascular permeability reaction and scratching frequency in mouse. and it also inhibited 43% acute type of contact dermatitis induced by TPA and in oxazolone induced chronic dermatitis model was investigated. Fruit of Schizandra chinensis suppressed 37.6% swelling of oxazolone-induced mouse ear contact dermatitis. These findings suggest that fruit of Schizandra chinensis improve symptom of allergic dermatitis