It has been reported that light-emitting diodes(LED) can be used in the treatment of oral diseases. Although bio-stimulatory effects of LED irradiation such as promotes stimulation of wound healing have been well known, there are few reports about molecular mechanism associated with cell cycle by LED irradiation. The purpose of present study was to examine the molecular event in cell cycle of LED irradiation on primary human gingival fibroblast(hGF) in vitro. The source of light for irradiation was a continuous-wave LED emitting at a wavelength of 635nm, and manufactured that energy density was 5mW/cm2 on sample surface. The hGF were irradiated for 1 hour at 37℃ in 5% CO2 humidified chamber. Experimental samples were acquired at 0 (right after irradiation), 8 and 24 hour after irradiation. To investigate the molecular mechanisms associated with cell cycle, growth phase was determined by flow cytometry and mRNA expression of cyclin A, cyclin B, cyclin D1, cyclin E, cdc2, PCNA, p18, p27, p21, and p53 were determined by real time RT-PCR. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated the percentage of cells in the G1 and S phase were decreased, but the G2 phase increased, which showed cells irradiated by LED were transitioned from S to G2 phase. For mRNA expression, cyclin B, cdc2, PCNA and p53 were increased at 0 hour after irradiation, and most of cell cycle molecules were increased at 8 hour after irradiation. At 24 hour after irradiation, cyclin A, cyclin E, PCNA and p18 were increased. Taken together, LED irradiation induced proliferation of hGF cells through transition from S to G2 phase.

The purpose 01' pl'esent study was to examine the molecular events in apoptosis by CoCl2, mimicking hypoxic cond ition and recovering effects by LED ir l'adiation on Human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells The SOUl'ce 0 1' light for ir l'adiation was a continuous-wave LED emitting at a wavelenl양h of 590 nm, and manufactured that ene rgy density was 5 mW!cm2 on sample surface, After ir l'adiation, cell viabi lity was measured with BrdU , cell morphol ogy was examined with Diff- Quik staining, cell signaling was monitored with various apoptosis-related molecules using RNase Pl'otection Assay(RPA) , W11en treated with CoC12, apoptotic induction was found in the SH-SY5Y cells in a concentration-dependent and time-dependent manner , Diff-Quik s taining was revealed that DNA fragmentation re presented apoptosis was examined in CoC12-tl'eated group, Moreover, RPA assay of SH-SY5Y cclls lIs ing val'iolls apoptosis-related molecllles showed that the apoptotic cell population was mcreased J-loweve. there was sorne signifïcant change in LED irradiatied cells aftel' treatement of CoC12 The main mechanism for Lhese a poptosis appearecl to be mito c hondriεt - m ecliated pathway, such as cytochrome- c‘ caspase-9, caspase-3, pro-apototic protein ßax, anti-apototic protein Bcl-2, and death receptor• mediated pathway, such as Fas, cas pase- 8, a ncl TNFRl These results demonstrate that CoCI2 induce apoptosis in SH-SY5Y via different dual apop tosis pathway through death receptor pathway as well as mitochondria- dependent pathway and LED irradiation can recl llces the CoCl2-induced apoptosis by blocking their internal signaling pathway

Cleft palates with or without cleft lip is one of the most common congenital craniofacial defects in dogs. It has been reported that monogenic autosomal recessive inheritance caused this defect in this species. However, here, we aimed to report cleft palate in a cloned dog. A fibroblast cell line was established from skin tissues of an eight-year-old German shepherd dog. Blood was collected from oocyte donor dogs, and serum progesterone concentration was measured by chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay method. Ovulation was determined when serum progesterone results reached 5-10 ng/ml, and in vivo matured oocytes were collected surgically about 72 hr after ovulation. Donor cells were cultured with Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium supplemented with 10% (v/v) fetal bovine serum until confluence. An in vivo matured oocyte was enucleated, and a donor cell was injected into the perivitelline space. The oocyte-cell couplet was electrically fused, and chemically activated. Reconstructed embryos were transferred to an oviduct of a recipient. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed 27 days after the embryo transfer, and ultrasonography of fetal heart beat, and rectal temperature and serum progesterone value of recipient was monitored until the day of delivery. Microsatellite analysis was performed using genomic DNA of cell donor, clones, and oocyte donors. As results, a total of 74 cloned embryos were transferred to five recipients, and one recipient diagnosed as pregnant with two fetuses by ultrasonography and radiology. Caesarean section was performed on day 58 after embryo transfer due to a decreased heart beat of a fetus, which was lower than 180. Two cloned puppies with 640g and 320g of birth weight were delivered safety, but the small one was born with a cleft palate. Microsatellite analysis results of both clones were identical with the cell donor. Cleft palate of the clone was surgically corrected on day 40 after birth. To our knowledge, there has been no report about cleft palate in cloned dogs, and also, no report about clones with different phenotype of cleft palate in dogs. Therefore, this study can give a clue of cleft palate in dogs, which might not be a genetic cause. Further studies about aberrant epigenetic reprogramming in those clones are needed.

The effects of ovulation induction in ussurian bullhead, Leiocassis ussuriensis, were investigated by treating ussurian bullhead with hCG, LHRHa, GnRHa, ovaprim, and pimozide. hCG was injected to ussurian bullhead at 0.75% NaCl, 5,000, 10,000, 20,000, and 30,000 IU, respectively. The ovulation inducement rates were 100% in 20,000 and 30,000 IU. Fertilization rates were 82.7% and 79.8%. Hatching rates were 59.4% and 57.2%. Ovulation time was between 16-19 hr The concentrations of LHRHa injected were 0.75 NaCl, 50, 100, 200, 300, and . The ovulation inducement rates were 100% in 300 and . Fertilization and hatching rates were 84.9% and 68.4% at . The times to ovulation were between 23 hr and 34 hr. Ovaprim of 0.75% NaCl, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 ml/kg were injected to the abdominal cavity. The ovulation inducement rate was highest at 2.0 and 3.0 ml/kg to 92% and ovulation time was between 27-38 hr. LHRHa concentrations of 0.75% NaCl, 50, 100, 200, 300 and were injected with pimozide (). Ovulation inducement rate was 100% from 200 to 400 IU with pimozide. Ovulation time was 22-36 h. Fertilization and hatching rates were 88.9% and 70.4% in with pimozide.

Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis) is one of the most important vegetables and widely cultivated in Asia countries including Korea and China. Recently, whole genome sequence and full-length cDNA information of this species became available, which are encouraging genetic studies of this species to characterize agricultural important traits. Orange-colored (Or) cultivar of Chinese cabbage has inner leaves in orange, whereas other cultivars generally cultivated have yellow (Ye)- or white-colored inner leaves. In this study, we investigated phenotypes and carotenoid biosynthesis genes related to color variation in the Or cultivar. Firstly we compared the carotenoid content and composition between the Or and Ye cultivars by HPLC analysis. The inner leaves of Or cultivar contained approximately 9-fold high β-carotene content, whereas content of both lutein and violaxanthin was decreased to less than 30%, compared to Ye cultivar. Or cultivar was segregated with ratio of 3:1 in F2 population derived from crossing between Or and Ye inbred lines, indicating that Or phenotype is controlled by single recessive gene. To identify this gene, we investigated the expression of several genes involved in carotenoid biosynthesis by RT-PCR analysis. Among genes tested, two encoding putative carotenoid isomerase (CRTISO) and phytoene desaturase (PDS) were identified to show different expression between Or and Ye cultivars. Through further analysis of genomic DNA regions of these two genes, we could expect that several mutations such as InDel and base-substitution occurred and then affected expression of these genes in Or cultivar. In this presentation, I will introduce more detailed results for Or cultivars.

A new cultivar ofDianthus caryophyIIus "Gamet" was selected from the progenies ofa cross "Master" and "97007-2"in 1998 at the National Horticultural Research Institute, Rural Development Administration. It was fmally selected in 2001 afterthe investigatio

A new cultivar ofDianthus caryophyUus "Pavo" was selected from the progenies ofa cross "Sarangbyul" and "TargetWhite" in 1997 at the National Horticultural Research Institute, Rural Development Administration. It was finally selected m 2001after the inves

A new cultivar ofDianthus caryophyUus "Dreambyul" was selected from the progenies ofa cross "Zenga" and "Euge-nia" in 1999 at the National Horticultural Research Institute, Rural Development Administration. It was fmally selected in 2002after the investig

A new cultivar of Dianthus caryophyHus "Orion" was selected from the progenies of a cross "Rossini" and "Tropicshort node of upper shoot. Optimum temperature for its growth are over 8"C at night and under 25"C at day in summer. The cul- tivar was applied