Recently, the environmental issues are emerging as one the most Compressive strength of concrete using blast furnace slag is decreased when cured at low temperature. To apply slag concrete in winter, we perform the experiment about alkali-activated slag concrete cured at low temperature.

The development and field application of the environment friendly Precast concrete by replacing the blast furnace slag were examined. As a result, it was found that compressive strength of Precast concrete used 50% of blast furnace slag was similar to Plain. While 70% of blast furnace slag was slightly decreased. In the result of Mock-up Test, the compressive strength of Precast concrete used 50% of blast furnace slag was satisfied with the target strength. but greening phenomenon occurred. Although greening occurred on the surface of the Precast concrete, it was gradually disappeared over the age. Therefore, the use of blast furnace slag was available up to 50%.

In this study, improving insulation of concrete, we developed insulated concrete and applied it in the field to reduce amount of energy. As a result, we could get the physical and performance similar to normal concrete's performance and the amount of energy is expected to decrease for improving insulation performance.

최근 도로포장에 수분이 많이 침투한 상태에서 중차량 교통량의 증가로 아스팔트 포장에 파손이 증대되어 그 중 하나인 포트홀이 많이 발생한다. 이에 따라 도로안전운전에 심각한 장애가 되며 교통사고가 빈번하게 발생하여 기준에 미달하는 자재 사용으로 도로의 조기 파손을 불러온다는 지적이 제기되고 있다. 다양한 포트홀 보수 방법이 사용되고 있지만, 보수 후 포트홀 발생 부위에 적절하지 않은 보수 방법으로 인하여 다시 포트홀이 발생되고 있으며, 그로 인한 잦은 재보수로 유지 보수 비용역시 증가되고 있는 실정이다. 이에 따라 본 연구에서는 아스팔트 혼합물의 내구성을 증진하여 도로포장에 발생하는 포트홀을 방지할 수 있는 포장 재료를 개발하는데 목적이 있다. 산업 부산물인 유리섬유 파분을 이용하여 골재형태로 제조한 석분대체용 유리 파분 골재와 유리섬유를 이용하여 실내 실험에서 검증된 유리 섬유 혼합물을 현장 적용성을 평가 하였다. 실내 배합설계를 통하여 최적 보강 섬유량을 결정하였으며, 유리 섬유 보강 아스팔트 혼합물의 적정 생산 온도 및 다짐 횟수를 결정해 현장 적용을 실시하였다. 수원 국토 관리 사무소 관내 국도 38호선에 2회에 걸쳐 시험 포장을 진행하였고, 총 500m 구간 중 100m에 적용하였으며, 현장 적용도를 비교 평가하기 위해 1차 시험 포장의 경우 전체 생산 혼합물량 대비 유리 보강 섬유량 1.3%(유리 장섬유 펠렛 0.66%+ 리사이클 펠렛 0.66%), 2차 시험 포장의 경우 유리 보강 섬유량 1.0%(유리 장섬유 펠렛 0.5%+ 리사이클 펠렛 0.5%)로 각각 다른 보강 섬유량을 결정하여 생산하였다.

This study investigated the problem of the existing rural development plan where the opinions of local residents are excluded due to the lack of expert knowledge and limited participation and sought the village development plan driven by the voluntary participation of local residents by applying a rural forum targeting rural villages to solve the problem. As a result of the study, (1) the problem of the current village development plan should be made based on the participation of local residents, and (2) this problem has remained as an important challenge. Therefore, the village improvement activities that have reflected the opinions of local residents can be said to be (3) the process that seeks the change into the rural planning process led by local residents, and this study derived the ways to ensure the voluntary behavior of local residents, strengthen local residents' capacity to create on-going villages, and expand local residents' participation opportunities in the entire process of rural planning through the application of the rural forum. (4) Although it is generally difficult for local residents to propose opinions directly and exert influence in the rural planning and design process and it is not easy to reduce the difference in the perspective between the professionals and local residents, significance lies in the fact that local residents voluntarily determine the future of their region and derive the plan. Therefore, the experience of decision-making and consensus process through the rural forum can promote the sustainability of the village creation participated by local residents and the increase of local residents' role. This study took one village as an example to reflect the results applied to the rural forum, and it is difficult to determine that it has been fully verified with the method of residents' participation. Therefore, future studies to verify the effectiveness of village creation and seek the empirical utilization measures are needed more, and the operation of education programs and various support plans suitable to the capacity and level of local residents should be promoted rather than the traditional lecture-style stereotyped education in the future for sustainable rural development.

본 연구에서는 사상성 조류로 구성된 수질정화시설의 수질정화효율을 평가하고자 충남 서산시 음암면에 소재한 성암저수지 유입하천 홍수부지에 test-bed를 설치하고 유입하천수를 대상으로 현장적용실험을 실시하였다. 수질항목별로 정화효율을 평가한 결과, SS 80.9%, COD 74.6%, T-N 76.8%, T-P 84.4%, DTN 93.8%, DTP 98.3%의 제거효율을 보였다. 수온에 따른 정화효율은 수온이 약 20˚C로 유지되어 수질정화효율에 미치는 영향은 없는 것으로 나타났다. 수리학적 체류시간(HRT)은 SS 및 TP 처리효율과 유의한 상관성이 있는 것으로 나타났고, 체류시간을 5일로 했을 때 SS, TP 처리효율이 좋은 것으로 나타났다. 유입수의 COD/TN에 따른 처리효율은 TN, TP 모두 C/N비가 낮을수록 증가하였고, 유입수의 COD/TP에 따른 처리효율도 C/P비가 낮을수록 TN, TP 모두 처리효율이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다.

Semi-rigid pavement is one of excellent paving methods adopting merits of asphalt-concrete and concrete paving. However, conventional paving methods were mainly used on the new constructed roads. Therefore, in this research we have examined the possibility of using the semi-rigid pavement on occupied roads. Also, confirmed the early-open possibility of pavement by applying the rapid hardening binding material to semi-rigid pavement.

In this study, the multi-functional fishway with underground passage, sediment block system reflect the fish's ecological characteristics and many kinds of fish up and down easily is proposed. The 3D-analysis of Reinforced Concrete(R/C) Slab and R/C + Steel Concrete(S/C) Slab with rectangular underground passage are carried out by SAP 2000 software program for multi-functional fishway's durability. The Slab analysis results show that the R/C Slab type of the maximum stress is decreased by 33.5 than that of R/C + S/C type(Size:1m x 0.4m, Velocity: 1.6m/sec)and the shortage of shear is 2 than that of R/C + S/C type(Size:1m x 0.4m, Velocity: 1.6m/sec). The stability of R/C + S/C concrete slab with underground passage is more advantageous than that of R/C concrete slab.

The purpose of this paper is to establish specifications and to make database for the construction of sea pools. Sea pools are faced with sea water including salts, so it will be used that high strength concrete, reinforced high strength and urethane for its construction. 3D-analysis by SAP2000 software is required for designing of sea pools in order to confirm its degradation of the concrete durability. This results show that the strength of concrete of 50MPa is the most suitable and 4m wave is more advantageous than that of 2m.

Purpose: The present study examined whether golf mindfulness routine (GMR) enhances golf performance (objective and subjective), taking into consideration the effects of dispositional mindfulness. Methods: Five male high-level golfers participated in the study. Basic procedures of GMR were consisted with three phases: a) awareness of environmental conditions, b) focusing on body-mind conditions c) monitoring and accepting emotions in present. A single-subject design (changing conditions design) was used to determine the effects of GMR over three sessions (pre, post, follow up). Results: The results were provided for the effectiveness of GMR on golf performance in all golfers. GMR also fostered dispositional mindfulness of golfers over intervention sessions. Conclusion: The theoretical significance of the results is assessed and the application of GMR in golf performance enhancement is discussed.

Self-sufficiency rate of food in South Korea is almost at the lowest level among OECD countries, and the decrease tend of farmland is expected to be continued. In this situation, the government has been revised the target self-sufficiency rate of food, and carried forward various policies in order to achieve it. One of those policies is the restoration business of idle farmland which is planned to carry forward after 2015. This study set up indicators evaluating effective use of idle farmland, and tried to apply in the field before carrying forward restoration business. The result of this study may be summarized as follows. First of all, it reset an evaluation indicator that was based on the evaluation indicator developed in order to set application directions of idle farmland. Next, it selected 30 idle farmlands with reset evaluation indicator among 11,635 which were inspected nationwide in 2012. Before applying indicator, it measured the condition of recycling such as accessibility of farmland, condition of irrigation and drainage system, land state, and surroundings by field investigation. Then, it calculated composite score in each target area through applying indicators, and verified the indicator by comparing calculated result with the one which was decided from field investigation. Finally, it carried out field investigation, correct and upgrade some problems of the standard of score calculation that was found during applying previously set evaluation indicator to target area, and established the final standard of calculation for evaluation indicator.

There are direct and indirect approaches to measure the quality of rural life with comparison of urban. One of the direct approach is to survey living satisfaction of rural residents. Survey result is also important factor for the understanding of local needs in rural development. Rural Development Adminstration(RDA) has developed a survey table with 71 survey items for measuring the satisfaction of rural residents. In rural field forum which have conducted for finding the direction of rural development, the understanding of local needs with measuring the satisfaction of rural residents is important. But developed survey table is difficult to be applied in rural field forum not only many survey items but also overlapping in survey range. The purpose of this study is to suggest a field-applicable survey table in rural field forum based on results of RDA. Survey items were selected based on the importance score of RDA survey table, and weighting values were applied to each survey items. Finally, we suggested 31 items based on results with principle component and reliability analysis.

The purpose of this study is to use organisms or micro-organism functions for eco-friendly water-purification according to concentration in porous concrete using EM, utilizing bioremediation.

Typically low-rise dormitory designed bearing wall system. So, insulated concrete sandwich panel for the application of a rigid frame structure was changed. This study presents field application of insulated concrete sandwich panel through applying Test-Bed.

Transport of bed load and suspended particle in coastal waters is main factor causing change in shoreline, and effective measurement method and appropriate equipment is required. To measure bed load and suspended particle transport an equipment was designed and manufactured, and it was applied in the field. The equipment consists of four main elements, body supporter, bed load and suspended particle sampler, sampler support and lock. Eight samplers were installed along the circumference of each supporter, and each sample is a 45-degree intervals. The field experiment was done once along Gyeongpo beach in August 2013. This note described the design and function of the equipment and results of field experiments.

하도육역화는 상류로부터 내려온 유사가 고수부지 또는 하도에 쌓여 하상이 상승하여 수역이 육역으로 변화하는 것을 말한다. 육역화는 통수단면의 감소로 인해 홍수위 상승이라는 문제를 야기한다. 홍수위가 상승하면 홍수위험도 함께 증가하기 때문에 하도육역화에 대한 관리가 필요하다. 이러한 하도육역화 방지 기술을 시험구간에 적용하여 실제 효과를 직접 검증하는 모니터링 연구가 진행중이며 본 연구에서는 수치모의를 통해서 모니터링으로 확인하기 힘든 유속의 분포와 유사의 이동경로 등을 확인하고자 한다. 유량조건은 평수기와 홍수기의 하천 모니터링 결과를 이용하였으며 동수역학적 특성은 유속분포와 난류강도 와도 등을 분석하였으며 유사이송적 특성은 FLOW-3D 상에서 입자(Particle)를 유하시켜 퇴적이 되는지 그대로 배제되는지를 분석하였다. 이 때 입자의 직경은 실제 하천에서의 중앙입경(d_50)으로 선정하였다. 본 연구에서는 하도육역화 방지기술의 설치 전후에 대한 비교를 통해 하도육역화 방지기술의 수리학적 성능을 검토하였다. 그 결과 현장적용된 하도육역화 방지기술은 고수부지 내 퇴적을 저감시키는 효과를 나타냈으며 유사의 연속성증진에 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 추후 현장 모니터링 결과와 비교검증을 실시하면 보다 명확한 하도육역화 방지기술에 대한 수리학적 성능 검증뿐만아니라 수생태 건강성 증진에 대한 효과까지 검증이 될 수 있을 것이다.

본 연구는 산업부산물을 아스팔트 혼합물 포장에 활용하고 천연골재를 대체하기 위한 연구로써 전기로 산화 슬래그를 이용한 아스팔트 혼합물의 물리적 성능과 내구성능을 분석하였으며, 현장 적용성을 분석하기 위하여 시험시공을 실시하였다. 아스팔트 혼합물의 내구성능을 평가하기 위해 아스팔트 혼합물의 최적 배합을 도출하여 평가하였다. 마샬안정도 등 실내시험결과 전기로 산화 슬래그 혼합물이 일반 혼합물보다 높은 강도를 나타내었다. 수분 민감도 실험에서도 일반 혼합물과 동등한 저항성을 나타냈다.시험시공을 통한 현장 적용성은 기존 천연골재 아스팔트 혼합물과 동일하였으며, 미끄럼저항성능이 더 우수한 것으로 확인되었다.