In this research synthesis, a total of 313 studies on English learning motivation published in South Korea from 2000 to 2017 were reviewed. The data were categorized into four criteria: publication year, research method, participant, and research topic. First, the annual trend clearly demonstrated that the number of motivation research showed a steady growth. The dominant research method was quantitative (207 papers) over qualitative (40 papers) and mixed methods (48 papers). University students (157 papers) were major population in English learning motivation research followed by junior high (36 papers), elementary (30 papers), high school students (30 papers), research synthesis (17 papers), and kindergarten students (3 papers). Most research focused on identifying specific subcomponents of English learning motivation in a particular research context. The study suggests that future research needs to focus more on diverse student group such as home-schoolers. Also, the use of research synthesis needs to be encouraged in order to capture the complex nature of English learning motivation.

The development of common words into catchwords, besides their own semantic evolution, is more important than the external motivation of social events. In the era of Internet media, catchwords have become the most influential discourse facts and cultural phenomena in China in recent years. The Chinese popular language “tyrant” is a word with a strong historical color. The meaning of the word has gone through several periods of development. After the last period of the last use of the new China, it gradually withdrew from the historical stage. Recently, the word “Tu Hao” is very popular on the Internet. The words “Tu Hao Jin” and “rich boyfriend” derived from it are also popular among netizens. On Wei-bo, some people even launched a “friend” with “tyrant”, which shows its popularity. Through the analysis of the Sina Wei-bo corpus, this paper combs the process of the generation, popularity and stereotype of the popular semantics of the “tyrant”, and finds that the big social events have a key influence on the evolution of the popular semantics of the “tyrant”. We try to explore the direct influence of social events on the semantic evolution of catchwords through this case, and reveal the important role of event motivations in the process of language evolution.

고염식식습관은 다양한 질병을 일으키고 공중보건을 위협할 수 있다. 그 동안 고염식식습관을 통제하기 위한 다양한 시도가 이루어져 왔으나 건강커뮤니케이션을 통해 고염식식습관을 변화시킬 수 있는지에 대한 연구는 아직 이루어지지 못하였다. 본 연구는 고염식의위험성과 식습관의 통제가능성에 대한 인식이 고염식식습관을 얼마나 예측하는지를 검토함으로써 식습관 개선 교육을 위한 시 사점을 찾고자 하였다. 이러한 연구목적을 달성하기 위해 보호동기 이론의 하위요인인심각성, 취약성, 효율성, 효능 및 행동 경향을 측정하기 위한 설문지를 개발하였으며 설 문지를 충남소재 대학의 대학생들과 그들의 가족을 대상 으로 배포하였다. 설문결과를 SPSS프로그램으로 분석한 결과를 보면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 청년층은 장년층보다 나 트륨섭취가 더 많았다. 둘째, 상관관계분석에서 장년층은 고염식으로 인한 위험에 취약하다는 것을 알고 있지만 고 염식을 억제할 수 있다고 확신할 때 까지는 식습관을 바꾸지 않는다. 셋째, 구조모델분석에 따르면 대처지각이 높을수록 고염식식습관의 경향성이 낮아지는 경향을 보인다. 이 결과는 고염식식습관을 줄이기 위해서는 실행 가능한 정보를 제공하고 저염식을 하였을 때 어떤 변화가 발생하는지를 인식 시킴으로써 대처지각을 높이는 방안이 더 효과적임을 시사한다.

This study examined the characteristics of male high school English learners’ motivation and the relations between their motivation and achievement in English learning. A total of 334 Grade 10 students in a boys’ high school participated in this study by completing a questionnaire survey on second language (L2) learning motivation and taking an English achievement test. As a result of explanatory factor analysis, five factors were found as underlying constructs for male high school students’ English learning motivation: The Ought-to L2 Self, The Ideal L2 Self, The Feared L2 Self, Instrumentality, and Intrinsic Motivation. In terms of the structural relationships between the learners’ motivation and achievement in English learning, the ideal L2 self and intrinsic motivation exerted a direct impact on their motivated L2 behavior, and then English achievement mediated by the motivated L2 behavior. The other factors had an indirect influence on motivated L2 learning behavior, mediated by the ideal L2 self and intrinsic motivation. Based on the findings, we suggested motivational activities to realize the creation of the ideal L2 self among male high school English learners.

The study aims to investigate the effect of project-based learning on students’ motivation and their self-efficacy. Project-based learning is an instructional technique which has been proven to be effective because it allows students to play an active role in their own learning process. By participating in a project-based learning model, students are able to construct their own knowledge and reflect upon their learning projects, resulting in increased motivation and self-efficacy. In this particular study, 79 students were distributed among 13 teams and each team shared a common goal. Each team was given a project, and every student in each team was assigned a task that would help the team achieve the preset goal. The project in this study was a video production that required students to work together in collaborative ways. The results of this study support the idea that project-based learning has a positive influence in students’ motivation and is able to enhance their cooperation skills as well. Furthermore, student responses in the survey taken after the project shows that the students’ perceptions toward project-based learning are very positive. Further research is suggested to find the effects of project-based learning on students’ motivation and self-efficacy in different levels, grades, or age groups.

본 연구의 목적은 청소년을 대상으로 학습동기 향상 코칭프로그램을 개발하고 그 효과를 검증하는데 있다. 이를 위해 도미향(2014) CPA 코칭 모델과 코칭대화모델을 적용하여 학년이 올라갈수록 학습동기가 낮아진다는 선행연구에 근거하여 학습전환기에 있는 중학생을 대상으로 프로그램을 구성하였으며 S시에 위치한 S중학교의 1·2·3 학년 중 13명을 실험집단, 13명을 통제집단으로 선정하여 학습동기 향상 코칭프로그램을 주2회 60분씩 총 12회기로 2017년 8월 22일부터 2017년 10월 19일까지 실시하였다. 효과를 검증하기 위해 학습동기 검사를 실험집단· 통제집단 모두 사전·사후로 실시하였고, 마지막 단계에서는 프로그램을 진행하는 동안 자신에게 변화된 점과 느낀 점 등을 간단한 소감문으로 받았다. 본 연구에서 개발된 프로그램은 학습에 대한 긍정적 인지와 정서 경험을 통한 성취동기, 통제소재, 자기효능감 및 자기조절 학습전략에 대한 이해와 실천을 통해 학습 및 생활 전반에 대한 동기각성, 긍정적 사고, 유능감, 내적 통제성이 강화되었다. 또한 목표 설정, 진로 탐색, 학습 환경 관리와 학습 기술 향상을 통해 청소년의 학습동기를 향상시키는데 유의미한 효과가 있었다.

The paper examines how empowering leadership and intrinsic motivation contributed to explaining in-role behavior. In order to verify the relationships and mediating effect, data were collected from 414 individuals in employees working in small and medium-sized firms at Jinju, Changwon, Gimhae, Busan City to test theoretical model and its hypotheses. All data collected from the survey were analyzed using with SPSS 18.0. This study reports findings as follows: first, the relationship between the empowering leadership and the intrinsic motivation is positively related. Second, there was also a positive correlation between the intrinsic motivation and the in-role behavior. Third, the relationship between the empowering leadership and the in-role behavior is positively related. Finally, the intrinsic motivation played as a partial mediator on the relationship between empowering leadership and in-role behavior. Based on these findings, the implications and the limitations of the study were presented including some directions for future studies.

『三字經』은 중국의 학동 계몽도서로, 내용은 여러 인물과 史實典籍名物 등으로 구성되어 있다. 이를 주제별로 보면 가정교육 학식 역사 勤學으로 대별된다. 이 중, 마지막 주제인 ‘勤 學’ 부분에서는 학동들이 훌륭한 동량으로 성장하는데 모범으로 삼을만한 역사적 인물들을 학습의 ‘롤 모델’로 제시하고 있다. 이들 중에는 이미 성현이 되었거나 벼슬아치가 되었으면 서도 배움의 끈을 놓지 않고 열심히 공부했던 인물 이야기도 있고, 가난을 극복한 이야기, 神童 이야기를 비롯하여 조기학습과 만학, 성별을 무시하고 능력을 보여주었던 여성 이야기도 있으며, 열악한 환경에서도 훌륭한 인물로 성공한 여러 인물들의 이야기도 있다. 본고는 勤學 을 통해 성공한 롤 모델을 여섯 종류의 주제로 나눠 그 특징과 의미를 살피고 있다. 오늘날 아동교육은 날로 발전을 거듭해 가고 있지만, 고전을 통한 인성교육 및 진로지도는 상대적으 로 미미한 현실이다. 이런 현실에서 『三字經』이 소개하고 있는 학습동기 유발을 위한 인물과 고사 유형들을 오늘날에도 적절하게 ‘스토리텔링’하여, 아동교육 자료로 활용할 수 있다면 학습의욕을 고취시키고, 학습 동기를 부여하는데 크게 일조할 것으로 사료된다.

This study examined differences in South Korean students’ motivation to learn English as a foreign (EFL) from elementary to high school, and investigated the impact of private education experience on their English learning. A questionnaire was administrated to 7,957 students in elementary through high school. This crosssectional survey results revealed that EFL students’ motivation to learn English presented different levels of medians depending on their school grades and levels; it showed lowering trends from the elementary to high school levels. However, during the same period, students’ perceptions of the importance of learning English was not in a downward trend. Students with private education experience tended to have a higher level of motivation than did those without private education experience, especially with respect to instrumental, intrinsic, and integrative motivations. Socioeducational factors in South Korea, such as excessive pressure from the College Scholastic Ability Test and hakbul orientation, are discussed.

This paper presents a study on motivating and demotivating factors in learning Korean. The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors affecting the learning motivation and demotivation of university students in Singapore taking Korean as unrestricted elective, and investigate what differences exist in the motivating and demotivating factors based on their Korean levels. Through the analysis of surveys on university students in Singapore, it was found that their major motivating factors were the travel orientation and the cultural interest. These motivating factors did not show any difference depending on the Korean levels. The major demotivating factors of Korean learners were the evaluation factor and the language factor. By interpreting open-ended responses, the competition factor was found as a demotivating factor. In addition, the competition factor and the language factor showed differences between the first level and the second level and above. This study suggests to motivate Korean learners by applying the major motivating factors to a class and weakening the major demotivating factors.

본 연구는 증강현실 홈 트레이닝 시스템을 통해 가상 참여자의 존자개 사용자에게 미치는 영향을 살펴보고자 한다. 구체적으로, 가상의 참여자가 제공되는 경우와 아닌 경우의 몰입, 인지된 경쟁, 그리고 정보 습득의 욕구의 차이에 대해 살펴보았다. 자동으로 실험 참여자들의 자세에 따른 정확도와 피드백을 제공하는 홈 트레이닝 시스템을 직접 개발하였고, 이를 활용하여 다음의 세 가지 가설을 실증하였다. 첫째, 가상의 참여자를 보며 트레이닝 시스템을 사용하면 그렇지 않은 경우보다 몰입이 더욱 높을 것이다. 둘째, 가상의 참여자를 보며 트레이닝 시스템을 사용하면 그렇지 않은 경우보다 인지된 경쟁이 더욱 높을 것이다. 셋째, 가상의 참여자를 보며 트레이닝 시스템을 사용하면 그렇지 않은 경우보다 정보 습득의 욕구가 더욱 높을 것이다. 실험을 통해 세 가지 가설이 모두 지지되었으며, 가상의 참여자가 이용자에 영향을 미침을 확인할 수 있었다. 기존 연구가 가상 트레이닝 시스템 그 자체에 대한 효과를 보는 것에 반해, 본 연구가 가상 트레이닝 시스템을 이용할 때 다른 운동 참여자가 나오는 영상을 보는 것이 유의한가에 대한 답을 하고 있다는 점에서 시사점을 제공한다.

목적 : 본 연구의 목적은 뇌졸중 환자의 중요한 작업 영역인 수면의 질과 스트레스 및 재활 동기간의 상관 관계를 알아보고 뇌졸중 환자의 수면의 중요성을 강조하는데 있다. 연구방법 : 본 연구는 2016년 5월부터 2016년 9월까지 부산, 경남에 소재하는 5개 병원의 입원과 외래 뇌졸중환자를 대상으로 하였으며 발병 후 6개월이 지나고 MMSE-K 24점 이상인 자를 대상으로 설문 지(수면의 질, 스트레스, 재활동기 측정도구)를 이용해 자료 수집을 하였고 최종적으로 132부를 분석하 였다. 결과 : 스트레스 전체 및 하위항목인 개인적, 가족 내, 사회적 스트레스는 수면의 질과 통계학적으로 유의미 한 음의 상관관계를 보였다(p<.01). 재활동기 전체 및 하위항목 중 무동기를 제외한 과제 지향적, 변화 지향적, 의무적, 외부적 재활동기는 수면의 질과 통계학적으로 유의미한 양의 상관관계를 보였다 (p<.01). 결론 : 뇌졸중 환자의 수면의 질이 높을수록 스트레스 수준은 낮고 재활동기 수준은 높게 나타나, 뇌졸중 환자의 재활에 있어 중요한 요소인 스트레스와 재활동기가 수면의 질과 밀접한 관계가 있었다고 할 수 있다. 뇌졸중을 대상으로 한 효과적인 작업치료의 평가와 중재에서 중요한 작업영역인 수면에 대한 고려 가 요구된다.

A consumer is an individual entity with various motivations. This study is intended to incorporate a hierarchical structure of motivation to understand self-determined motivation for purchasing secondhand merchandise at thrift stores. A conceptual model adopted from Cadwallader et al. (2010)’s comprehensive model of motivation used in a marketing context was developed to investigate motivational process in secondhand merchandise shopping. The conceptual model includes the three levels of motivational structure–the global, contextual (environmental concern and frugality), and situational motivation. A series of the causal relationships among the three levels of self-determined motivations and buying intention to shop at thrift stores were hypothesized. A total of 219 respondents from two different northeastern state universities in the U.S. completed a self-administered survey. The results indicated that secondhand merchandise shopping is well explained in the hierarchical structure of self-determined motivation where the global motivation had a positive impact on the contextual motivations regarding environmental concern and frugality. Of the two contextual motivations, only environmental concern had a positive impact on situational motivation for shopping at thrift stores. Finally, the situational motivation positively influenced the intention to shop at thrift stores. The results of this model suggest that the hierarchical structure of self-determined motivation would be a very useful framework to understand consumer behavior for apparel shopping. Also, further research can be done to identify other contextual motivational factors to understand consumer motivation for shopping at thrift stores.

This case study investigated the changes of four Korean English major college students’ motivation and interest in TOEIC studying based on qualitative research method. Semi-structured interviews were conducted once a month for six months. Interest is a unique motivational variable with affective and cognitive domains together including interactions between persons and their objects wheres motivation is more broad, psychological and overlapping concept compared with interest. The results showed that the participants expressed the strong instrumental and extrinsic motivation for TOEIC studying while they confessed the intrinsic motivation for English learning. However, some participants had both extrinsic and intrinsic motivation on TOEIC studying as time went by. The participants’ strong perceptions on TOEIC in Korea were strongly related with situational interest in TOEIC or TOEIC studying. The participants’ interest in TOEIC studying was triggered as they improved the TOEIC score. However, one participant showed the expiration of interest in TOEIC studying right after achieving a high TOEIC score, but his interest in potential English studying was triggered.

본 연구의 목적은 그간 간과되어온 연구영역, 즉 해외직접투자의 동기 및 기술수준의 차이가 현 지기업으로의 지식확산에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 실증하는데 있다. 이러한 관점에서, 본 연구는 직접투자 동기를 상이한 두 가지 유형(시장지향형 및 수출지향형 직접투자)으로 나누고, 산업을 기 술수준별로 구분한 후, 현지기업으로의 지식확산을 검증하였다. 이러한 시도를 통해 본 연구는 예 상했던 두 가지 사안이 모두 지식확산에 중요하게 작용함을 발견할 수 있었다. 동 실증결과를 근간 으로, 본 연구는 실용적인 경영 및 정책 시사점을 제공하고 있다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of emotional-utilitarian motivation on coffee shop selection attribution. Based on a total of 276 samples obtained from empirical research, the results of the survey were analyzed by using SPSS 22.0. The results of this study were as follows. Firstly, the results of exploratory factor analysis of coffee shop selection attribution emphasized service, coffee quality, diversity of menu, atmosphere, convenience, and price. Secondly, the customers showed higher emotional motivation than utilitarian motivation. Thirdly, emotional motivation had a significant effect on perception of ‘service’, ‘coffee quality’, and ‘atmosphere’. On the other hand, utilitarian motivation had a significant effect on ‘service’, ‘diversity of menu’, ‘convenience’, and ‘price’.

목적 : 본 연구는 산재근로자를 대상으로 작업능력강화프로그램이 자기효능감, 우울, 재활동기에 미치는 효 과와 원 직무복귀에 따른 그룹 간 차이를 알아보고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 2015년 6월부터 2016년 8월까지 경상남도 소재의 C병원에서 작업능력강화프로그램을 실시한 산재근로자 49명을 대상으로 실시하였다. 작업능력강화프로그램은 1일 1회 3시간 이상 주 5회, 총 4~8 주간 실시하였고, 프로그램 중재 전･후 자기효능감, 우울, 재활동기를 측정하였다. 산재요양기간 종료 후 2개월 뒤 추적관찰을 통해 원 직무복귀 그룹과 원 직무복귀 실패 그룹을 나누어서 두 집단 간 차이를 알아보았다. 결과 : 작업능력강화프로그램 실시 후 자기효능감, 우울, 재활동기에서 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<.05). 산재 요양기간 종결 2개월 뒤 원 직무복귀 여부에 따라 두 집단 간 차이를 확인했을 때 자기효능감의 변화량 에서 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<.05). 결론 : 본 연구는 작업능력강화프로그램이 산재근로자의 자기효능감, 우울, 재활동기 향상에 효과적임을 보 여주었고, 자기효능감이 원 직무복귀 성패에 중요한 요인임을 제안한다.

The motivation behind experiential and material purchases is asymmetric: experiences are more strongly motivated by happiness-seeking and meaning-seeking than materials are. The two motivators mediate the elicited happiness from purchases. Strong happiness or meaning seeking motivation will result in similar levels of happiness for both experiences and materials.

Obesity has become a major health concern among the public, and menu labeling was mandated in many countries several years ago as an intervention to reduce obesity. Although the pursuit of healthy foods is apparent, research indicates that majority of restaurant customers do not use nutritional information for menu selection. The present study investigated customer attitudes and behaviors regarding menu labeling; specifically, the relationships among customer motivation, attitudes, menu label use, and healthy menu selection. Data were collected from a survey of 509 restaurant customers in South Korea. The findings indicated a positive effect of motivation on attitudes, menu label use, and healthy menu selection, respectively. Attitudes also positively influenced menu label use and healthy menu selection. Regarding the relationships among the variables in the proposed model, the strongest relationship was found between menu label use and healthy menu selection. In addition, attitudes serve as a mediator in the relationships between motivation and menu label use, and between motivation and healthy menu selection. Menu labeling use also mediates between attitudes and healthy menu selection. These findings can help governments or industries improve customer use of menu labels and therefore help reduce public obesity. This study is valuable in that it investigates restaurant customer use of menu labels since the menu labeling initiatives were mandated several years ago. It is academically important in that it examines various customer attitudinal and behavioral variables together regarding menu labeling.