Food is an expression of social identity. The food we eat identifies us as members of a social group, distinguishes us from other groups, and binds us together through a process of self-categorization and social identification. This research extends the theory of collectivism versus individualism as basic dimensions of culture and personality to research on food and identity. We tested 2 hypotheses among 402 university students in Korea and the U.S. 1) Americans assume relatively individualistic orientation while Koreans relatively collectivistic in orientation. 2) Koreans and Americans differ in their orientation toward food, with Americans assuming an individualistic orientation and Koreans assuming a collectivistic approach. The level of collectivism versus individualism was measured by using Hui's INCOL Scale. We initially hypothesized that the Americans would be strongly individualistic and Koreans strongly collectivistic, however our results did not prove this. The two groups showed collectivistic social identity with the Americans being a bit more collectivistic, so little support was found. In order to test the second hypothesis, we devised a new set of questions based on a idea by Hui and Fischer. It was found that this hypothesis was strongly supported. In conclusion, it is difficult to find overall differences in collectivism versus individualism between the two groups. But in the area of attitude toward food, we found clear differences. For Koreans, food is an expression of collectivistic identity, whereas Americans assume a more individualistic approach.

This study aimed to improve the level of satisfaction and service quality of a forest experience education program for vulnerable social groups by administering a survey problems of the program and suggested improvements. 428 participants in the program. Reliability analysis of the survey yielded values of, Cronbach’s α value was higher than 0.8 for all items, indicating very high reliability. Importance-performance analysis (IPA), a method of measuring and comparing the degree of satisfaction, found two factors: “first need for correction” which included “diversity of programs” and “professionalism of programs”; and “the need for sustained effort” which included “benefits of programs”, “the role of program instructors” and “the interest of programs”. Previously, forest experience education focused on programs involving base expansion and promotion, or quantitative expansion education. Therefore, this study is meaningful in providing basic data on forest experience education for vulnerable social groups.

Bong Joon-ho’s films have a unique narrative style and profound philosophy, and have repeatedly broken box office records with high commercial value, and are deeply recognized by the world film industry and loved by audiences. This article analyzes and summarizes Bong Joon-ho’s films, discusses the creative style and thematic connotation of Bong Joon-ho films, experiences the aesthetic style of “genre narrative strategy” and “problem awareness” of Bong Joon-ho films, and thinks about the trade-off techniques behind Bong Joon-ho’s high box office and high reputation, as well as the film development model.

Bong Joon-ho’s films have a unique narrative style and profound philosophy, and have repeatedly broken box office records with high commercial value, and are deeply recognized by the world film industry and loved by audiences. This article analyzes and summarizes Bong Joon-ho’s films, discusses the creative style and thematic connotation of Bong Joon-ho films, experiences the aesthetic style of “genre narrative strategy” and “problem awareness” of Bong Joon-ho films, and thinks about the trade-off techniques behind Bong Joon-ho’s high box office and high reputation, as well as the film development model.

The cruise industry in the Mediterranean region increased from 2000-2018, being the second most important region after the Caribbean. The purpose of this study was to analyze the networks and hub ports of the Mediterranean. This paper used the SNA (Social Network Analysis) methodology, which includes Hub and Authority Combined Centrality (HACC) that has been used to analyze cruise port centrality, as well as degree centrality such as In-Degree, Out-Degree, and Betweenness. This empirical study suggests that the top three ports of the Mediterranean ports’ network in terms of hub index are Barcelona, Civitavecchia, and Palma de Mallorca. The academic implications are the suggestion for data integration based on real itineraries and numbers of POC (Port of Calls), as well as the selection of the hubs of the targeted areas. The practical implications are suggested such as a clear requirement for cruise industry, as a way to widen the scope for the Mediterranean region and a valuable reference for cruise ship companies to select the best fit home ports.

As the aging of the facility increases, the safety, durability, and serviceability that were originally possessed by the natural aging deteriorate. Accordingly, periodic safety inspections, repair and strengthening are the basic procedures for th maintenances of facilities. However, except for some facilities that are prescribed in the law, the safety and maintenance of facilities are still insufficient. Especially, social welfare facilities, which occupy the majority of small-scale vulnerable facilities, have a high proportion of old facilities with many years of age, leading to major damages that affect the durability and safety of facilities. The purpose of this paper is to identify the main damage and its causes according to the change of the years of social welfare facilities, and to use it as a basic data to suggest reasonable maintenance methods.

항만산업은 수출입 중심인 우리나라의 경제구조에서 중요한 국가기간산업이라 할 수 있다. 특히 국내 컨테이너 물동량의 75%를 처리하는 부산항은 지속적으로 글로벌 선사 물동량 유치를 위해 정기선 항로 서비스를 확대하는 노력 등 컨테이너 정기선 항로에 대한 중요도가 높아질 것으로 예상된다. 본 연구는 사회연결망 분석을 활용하여 2012년부터 2016년까지 부산항을 기항하는 컨테이너 정기선 항로 패턴분석을 통해 세계 주요항만과의 중심성을 파악하여 부산항과 연결되어 있는 항만 네트워크의 구조적인 특성을 파악하였다. 부산항 컨테이너 정기선 항로 네트워크상에 연결정도 중심성, 근접중심성, 매개중심성이 높은 항만은 싱가포르항으로 분석되었으며, 실제 연도별 부산항 주요 국가 항만별 처리물동량 순위와 부산항 컨테이너 정기선 항로 네트워크 중심성 분석 결과 간 순위 비교는 서로 상이한 것으로 나타났다. 이를 통해 부산항 처리 물동량의 높은 비율을 차지하고 있는 중국 동부항만이 부산항 컨테이너 정기선 네트워크상에서 보았을 때 부산항의 허브항으로 보기 어렵다는 점을 확인하였다. 또한 부산항 컨테이너 정기선 서비스 항로 수는 증가하더라도 해당 항로에 투입되는 선박이 중소형으로 한정되어 있거나 네트워크상 부산항이 싱가포르항 기항을 위한 피더항(Feeder Port)의 성격을 띄고 있는 것으로 추정된다.

This study aimed to analyze socioeconomic effect of eco-friendly free school food supply system by Seoul, which has been consistently extended since 2011. To do so, effect of eco-friendly free school food supply system on the beneficiaries, Seoul citizens, was analyzed by using ‘labor & income panel’, while that on rural society was analyzed by using the surveys on the eco-friendly agricultural product supply performance by the ‘Eco-friendly Agricultural Products Retail Center’ as well as for students, school parents, nutrition teachers and nutritionists. The results of analysis showed that eco-friendly school food supply system contributes to income redistribution among the Seoul citizens to a certain extent, provides the eco-friendly agricultural product producers in the rural society with the stable market, and positively influences them to secure stable incomes. In addition, eco-friendly free school food reduced the amount of carbon emissions through the use of environmentally friendly agricultural products resulting in environmental improvements and economic benefits. Considering such effects, free school food supply using the eco-friendly agricultural products needs to be consistently maintained in the future without politic change by political ideology and to be extended to middle school level in medium and short-term.

Purpose - This study aims to analyze the effects of the social support on the economic activities from the Korean Chinese residing in Korea. Particularly, this paper focuses on the consequence of the economic activity intention according to the three kinds of social support. Research design, data, and methodology - For the statistics process of data collected by this survey, SPSS 19 statistics package program was used through data-coding and data-cleaning processes to analyze the data in this study. Results - This hypothesis was selected partially. As a result of investigating hypotheses in detail, Hypothesis 1-2 was significant as shown in the significance level 0.1, and when the emotional support was regarded important, the will of economic activities was also higher. Hypothesis 1-2 was found to be meaningful with the significance level of 0.05, and when the social support was regarded important, the will of economic activities was also higher. Lastly, Hypothesis 1-3 was found to not be statistically significant. Conclusions - The results of this study are expected to be used as basic data for vitalization of the Korean Chinese’ economic activities and governmental support for it, and to be a guideline in preparing successful strategies for expansion of the Korean Chinese’ economic activities in the future by applying these results.

본 연구의 목적은 중국 유아교사 관련 연구의 전반적인 특징, 주제 현황과 주제들과의 관계 등을 파악 하여 향후의 유아교사 관련 연구 주제에 시사점을 제공하는 것이다. 본 연구는 중국 논문 사이트 知网 (CNKI)에 게재된 학위 논문과 학술지 논문 총 4032편 논문에서 총 1962개 키워드를 산출하여 Textom 을 활용하여 데이터 마이닝을 진행하였다. Textom에서 산출된 데이터는 UNICET 6를 활용하여 전체 키워드의 동시출현 빈도, 밀도, 매개 중심성을 분석하였다. 마지막으로 CONCOR 분석을 실시하여 그 결과를 NetDraw로 시각화하고 도식화하였다. 분석 결과 상위 60개의 키워드를 산출하였으며 키워드 간의 밀도는 0.373이었다. 매개 중심성 분석에서 '현황 연구', '유치원', '유아' 등 단어들이 높은 비율을 차지하였고 키워드를 시각화한 결과 총 4개의 유사군집이 나타났다.

When an age of low growth and population decline, population migration plays an important role in spatial structure of region. There have been many researches on migration and regional spatial structure. The purpose of this study is to examine the changes of Gwangju and Jeonnam region’s spatial structure and central area using social network analysis methods. For analysis it was used that population and migration data and passenger OD(Origin and Destination) travel data released by Statistics Korea and Korea Transport Database(KTDB). Using Gephi 0.8.2, migration and passenger OD networks were visualized, and this describe network flow and density. The results of the network centrality analysis show that the most populated village is not always network center though population mass is an important factor of central places. The average eigenvector centrality of 2010 migration is the lowest during 2005-2015, and it means few regions have high centralities. When comparing migration and travel networks, travel data is more effective than migration data in determining the central location considering spatial functions.

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to evaluate two multinational companies that seem to have reconciled the two mandates of CSR and profit maximization while becoming multibillion dollar companies and examine their organizational culture and practices and their management and leadership in order to determine the controlling factors, if any, that have elicited their success while renowned for their CSR policies. Research design, data, and methodology - This is a case study, an analytical approach, which focuses on exploring and analyzing the CSR policies of Starbucks and IKEA. Results – IKEA and Starbucks considered their position in the global business environment and their social responsibilities as crucial and did more than a cursory lip service to the issues. In fact, they both took the more difficult long-term approach and tried to resolve the root causes for the environmental and social issues in their supply chain. Ultimately though, it is the ethical leadership of the top management that sets the tone for the organizational culture and its CSR. Conclusion - IKEA and Starbucks are “living proof” that a company can be successful while treating its employees and the community of suppliers and associates with respect and dignity and while making this world a better place.

Crop yield insurance program in Korea has rapidly grown not only in quantity but in quality for 15 years since it was introduced in 2001. Despite growth of Crop insurance, performance evaluation for crop yield insurance has not fully been evaluated at the farm, consumer and national level. The purpose of this study is to conduct the performance evaluation for crop yield insurance through estimating the effects of farm revenue stabilization and social welfare increase with three popular insurance items: apple, pear and sweet persimmon. Based on the analysis of social welfare effect, cost-benefit analysis of operating crop yield insurance was conducted at the national level. We found that crop yield insurance stabilizes farm revenue based on the estimated four risk indicators: Coefficient of Variation, Value at Risk, Certainty Equivalence, and Risk Premium. The result of cost-benefit analysis shows that crop yield insurance increases social net benefit by 44.1 billion won for the three items. As a result, crop yield insurance program has contributed remarkably on social welfare as well as farm management and its role will be more important in the future.

In order to ensure revenue of agricultural products which have encountered the dramatic decline of prices in distribution, the export of the domestic farm produce was started and it has been considered to play the significant role to make fundamentals for securing the stable revenue of farms and future of agricultural industries. The Korean government has endeavored to increase scale and volume of export and make the stable structure for export transaction by supporting government policies. Since the export of the agricultural products was influenced by multiple and uncertain factors such as the gap of GDP, distance, the difference of climatess between countries, in this study of agricultural exports, the attributes of export according to changed factors are derived by using RCA and gravity model. As the complexity of export environment has been increased compared to the past, it is necessary to analyze the attributes of agricultural exports. In this study, by using network theory, trade network of agricultural product, the periodic changes of relations, the changes of centrality and maxium flow are derived. Even though the trade quantity of existing agricultural fresh products are still small, the study derived the need to vertical integration for expanding agricultural product export by applying network theory.

본 연구는 고등학교 사회․문화 교과서 5종에서 서술하고 있는 사회적 소수자 내용에서 부정적 고정관념 형성 문제를 고려하여 비판적으로 분석하려는 것이다. 분석은 교과서에 서술된 사회적 소 수자의 개념적 설명과 차별에 대한 현상적 설명으로 구분하여 살펴보았다. 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 사회적 소수자의 개념 정의나 특징에서는 학자들이 전형적으로 설명하는 내용을 주로 제시하 고 있어서 개념적 이해에는 도움이 되지만 사회적 소수자의 삶의 다양성 측면을 부가하여 파악하기 엔 한계가 있어서 부정적 고정관념을 형성할 가능성이 있다. 둘째, 사회적 소수자의 사례로는 장애 인, 여성, 이주민 등 전형성을 갖는 집단이 주로 제시되었지만, 많은 교과서가 다양한 사례를 제시하 려는 노력을 보이고 있어 부정적 고정관념의 가능성은 약하다. 셋째, 사회적 소수자 차별의 원인을 사회적 측면에서 제시하지만 구체적으로 그러한 원인이 어떻게 작동하는 지에 대한 논의는 거의 하 지 않고 있어서 개선이 요구된다. 넷째, 사회적 소수자의 차별에 대한 해결 방안으로서 개인적 측면 과 사회적 제도 개선을 함께 다루지만 사회적 소수자 운동 등의 사회적 소수자 측면에서의 활동에 대한 내용 제시가 약한 편이어서 이에 대한 고려가 필요하다.

본 연구의 목적은 한국 청소년이 국내 거주하는 소수집단인 조선족, 탈북자, 다문화가족 자녀들에 대해 나타내는 사회적 거리감의 수준과 그 특징을 분석하는 것이다. 분석 결과를 살펴보면, 첫째, 한 국 청소년의 사회적 거리감은 조선족(2.14)-탈북자(1.96)-다문화가족(1.75) 순으로 나타나, 조선족에게 가장 큰 거리감을 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 청소년의 사회적 거리감에 미치는 요인의 영향력 을 검토해보면, 소수집단에 대한 위협의 인지, 단일민족지향성, 종족정체성은 모두 사회적 거리감을 넓히는 영향을 미치고 있었다. 반면 시민정체성은 일관되게 사회적 거리감을 좁히는 영향을 미치는 것으로 파악되었다. 이에 본 연구는 한국 청소년의 다문화교육에 있어서 국민에 대한 재개념화와 대 중매체를 통해 활용할 수 있는 소수집단별 컨텐츠 개발을 제안하고자 한다.

현재까지 모바일 게임 사용자 연구는 개별 콘텐츠의 재미, 중독성, 편의성과 같은 1차적 정서 를 분석하는 차원에 머물러 있다. 그러나 스마트폰의 확산 이후 사용자들의 멀티태스킹이 보편 화되면서 사용자의 게임 콘텐츠 경험은 복잡해지고 있다. 따라서 다양한 행위를 동시에 수행하 는 사용자의 관점에서 모바일 게임에 대한 보다 깊이 있는 분석이 필요한 상황이다. 본 연구는 집단 감성의 관점에서 모바일 게임 사용자들의 연결된 심성 모형을 포착하고자 했다. 이를 위 해 사용자들의 비의도성과 의도성을 동시에 포착할 수 있는 소셜 데이터 분석을 실시했으며, 그 결과로 서비스의 교차 소비, 정보 추천방식의 다양화, 관계 기반의 과제 경험을 주요 이슈로 제시했다.