To produce bioethanol from cellulosic biomass, the cellulosic biomass needs pretreatments for high efficiency saccharification. This study, thus, aims to evaluate the efficiency of several pretreatments using vegetables as a cellulosic biomass among food wastes. The evaluated pretreatment methods were acid treatment, ammonia treatment and hydrogen peroxide treatment, which were used by individual and/or incorporating method. As a result, the concentration of reducing sugar increased 4 ~ 15 times and that of glucose increased 5 ~ 26 times compared to the samples without pretreatment. The acid treatment as an individual treatment was the most efficient, and the efficiency of incorporating treatment showed higher than that of individual treatment. Besides, there were differences in the composition and content of hydrolyzed sugars although the saccharification efficiency was similar by the method of each pretreatment.

In this study, the thermo-catalytic hydrogenation using corn stark and wasted palm kernel shell was carried out for the production of hydrocarbon compounds in direct biomass liquefaction. The conversion of biomass in direct biomass liquefaction over Mo-based catalyst increased with increasing the reaction temperature and the content of the volatile matter contained in biomass and the corn starch was more available than the wasted palm kernel shell. And then, the conversion was about 97.9% using corn starch and was about 92.4% using wasted palm kernel shell at 400oC. It was confirmed that the liquefied products obtained after the thermo-catalytic reaction were C6, C7, C8-typed hydrocarbon compounds.

본 연구는 가축분뇨 해양배출 금지에 따른 처리방안의 일환으로써 포플러류 목재에너지림에 SCB액비를 처리하였을 때 바이오매스 생산량이 우수한 클론을 선발하고자 실시하였다. 아울러 단벌기 집약재배를 실시하는 목재에너지림에서 SCB액비의 화학비료 대체효과 및 바이오매스 생산 증진량을 구명하고자 수행하였다. 경기도 수원시 권선구 호매실동 소재의 연구림에 포플러류 5개 수종, 총 8개 클론을 대상으로 반복당 5본씩 3반복으로 시험림을 조성하였으며, 식재간격은 1m×1m이었다. SCB액비는 2008년에 본당 115L를 처리하였으며, 2009년도 및 2010년도에는 본당 130L씩 처리하였다. 처리 후 클론별 가지 발생량, 엽면적 및 지상부 바이오매스 생산량을 조사하였다. 평균 줄기 발생수는 처리구 및 무처리구에서 각각 11.8개와 11.5개로 나타나 큰 차이가 없었다. 평균 엽면적은 처리구가 71.0cm2로 무처리구 52.3cm2 보다 35% 더 우수하였다. 연평균 지상부 바이오매스 생산량을 조사한 결과, SCB액비 처리구가 ha당 8.5톤으로 나타나 무처리구 5.6톤 대비 51% 우수한 것으로 조사되었다. SCB액비 처리에 따른 클론별 평균 지상부 바이오매스 생산량은 현사시나무가 ha당 13.6톤으로 가장 우수하였으며, 그 다음으로 이태리포플러 9.8톤, 양황철 5.6톤, 미루나무 교잡종 4.6톤 순이었다. 수원포플러는 ha당 3.0톤의 저조한 바이오매스 생산량을 나타내었다. 이상의 연구결과를 종합해볼 때 농지 근처의 산림지역에 단벌기 맹아림을 조성하여 목질계 바이오매스를 생산하기 위해서는 현사사나무 및 이태리포플러가 적합할 것으로 사료된다.

The fuel characteristics, the combustion characteristics, and the kinetic study of sample that had been torrefied at 250 ~ 300oC were investigated for orange peel, rice husks, wood chips, and wood pellets. When higher torrefaction temperature was used, reduction of the yield, and increase in the fuel ratio, and decrease of volatile content were found. As a result, improvement of the fuel characteristics was confirmed. As parameters for the combustion characteristics, initial temperature (IT) was rised slightly because of the high torrefaction temperature of the wood chip, and burnout temperature (BT) showed lowered. The combustion time (tq) of torrefied wood chip (TC) is shorter than raw sample, and unburned carbon generation will be suppressed. The activation energy of the char combustion reaction (2nd) is reduction compared to the raw sample, and the pre-exponential factor was decreased. As a result, the combustion reaction rate constant (k) of the torrefied wood chips, should be determined considering the activation energy and the pre-exponential factor.

Based on the general policy called “Green Growth”, the Korean government planed to establish a biomass town in South Korea in order to recover energy from organic waste and to substitute for fossil fuel at rural region. Technical and financial support for the establishment of biomass town was insufficient so far. There are some policies to support biomass town establishment, however financial support from several Korean ministries seemed not to have been used efficiently. Some policies are planned excessively so that they cannot be realized on time. Therefore, there is a need to analyze the status of biomass utilization technology and policy in Japan from the point of view of an external biomass expert, since biomass utilization technology and policy of Japan take good achievement during the many developed countries. For the analyzing of technology and policy in Japan, literatures concerned biomass management policy and biomass town design were collected by visiting Japan Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries and interview of public officials in charge was carried out. There are several implications for the promotion of Korean policy concerned with biomass utilization and biomass town establishment.

This study was carried out to evaluation of biomass generation mechanisms and to propose the estimation method of biomass generation. Agricultural by-product biomass is generated during crops cultivation and after harvest. However these are not uniformly generated yearly and these depending on the seasons. For planning of biomass utilization, accurate information of the biomass resources is needed, especially characteristic and productivity of biomass are necessary. Agricultural by-product biomass are generated in a wide area being scattered and it is one of the major reason why agricultural biomass utilization is not activated compared with other waste biomass. In this study, estimation and evaluation biomass generation is achieved in specific spatial and temporal boundary, A-city in Gyeongi–do and september to November respectively. Quantity and quality of by-product biomass show big difference depending on the crop species and cultivation periods and these difference bring up that accurate biomass estimation should be considered during planning of biomass utilization and technology selecting for biomass converting to energy and other forms.

Renewable energy has been focused issue in terms of green house gas (GHG) prevention as well as the sustainable development. One of the most feasible and economical ways to enhance the renewable energy production would be the biomass energy production, which is renewable in terms of carbon neutral. At present, many developed country discovered the biomass resources that will be fitted to their purpose. In Malaysia and Indonesia, palm kernel shell (PKS) was only the waste to dumping on the ground around 5 years ago, but they are exported to all over the countries as a biomass resources. The woody biomass has been the most traditional biomass resources, and their price is so high and quantity is so limited that the electric generation can’t obtain enough quantities to fulfill their renewable energy obligation quarter. Within near future, many types of biomass like rice husk pellet, coconut shell, and empty fruit bunch (EFB) pellet, will be traded commercially and imported to Korea after all. The Korean power plant company using coal try to discover the biomass resources in south. east Asia. In this study, 7 types of biomass was tested for fuel quality as well as the combustion behavior, and compared to each other. It can be found that the fuel property of biomass can be varied with the types and the combustion pattern may not be identical with respect to the types of the biomass. PKS was the very good fuel with high calorific value, but contains some chloride. Wood chips also were a good fuel property cleaner than coal in terms of emission gas. The rice straw, however was not good enough to use as a fuel.

정부에서는 쌀 공급과잉에 대응하여 쌀 생산을 조절할 수 있는 하나의 방안으로 총체사료벼 연구를 추진하고 있다. 총체사료벼는 사료적성과 더불어 건물수량성이 높아야 하기 때문에 교배에 이용하는 유전자원도 바이오매스가 큰 유전자원을 탐색하여 활용하고 있다. 그동안 국내에서 개발된 총체사료벼 품종은 통일형 품종을 개량하여 육성한 녹양, 목우, 목양이 유일하며 다양한 숙기를 가진 품종개발이 요구되고 있다. 수원560호는 총체건물수량이 높은 고품질의 경엽형 총체사료벼 품종을 육성할 목적으로 사료가치가 높은 LK1A-2-12-1-1 계통과 쓰러짐에 내성이 강하며 바이오매스가 큰 열대자포니카인 IR72225-29-1-1 계통을 국립식량과학원 답작과에서 2006년 인공교배하여 계통육종법에 의하여 세대를 진전시켜 육성한 우량계통이다. 고정세대에서 실시한 생산력검정에서 총체건물수량이 1.9ton/ha으로 녹양벼 1.6ton/ha 보다 통계적으로 유의하게 증수하는 결과를 보였다. 수원560호는 초기세대부터 바이오매스가 큰 장간 계통으로 선발하였는데 초장이 녹양벼(125cm)보다 월등히 큰 187cm를 보였으나 포장도복은 중도저항성을 보였다. 도열병은 강한 반응을 보였으나 흰잎마름병 및 바이러스 병에는 약한 반응을 보였다. 사료가치는 조단백질(CP, Crude Protein) 5.8%, 산성세제 불용성 섬유(ADF, Acid Detergent Fiber) 28.2%, 가소화양분총량(TDN, Total Digestive Nutrient) 66.6%로서 녹양벼와 비슷한 경향을 보였다. 금후 본 계통은 건물수량성이 높은 경엽형 총체사료벼 중간모본으로서 활용가치가 높은 것으로 판단된다.