The purpose of this study is to identify the leading price between Jeju and Wando’s oliver flounder producer price and to analyze the dynamic effect of the regional producer price using the panel VAR model. In the process of analysis, it was confirmed that there are unit roots in the monthly data of Jeju and Wando’s oliver flounder producer price. So, in order to avoid spurious regression, the rate change of producer price which carries out log difference was used in the analysis. As a result of the analysis, first, the panel Granger causality test showed that the influence of the change rate of producer price in oliver flounder in Jeju was slightly larger than that in Wando, but it was found that each region all leads the change rate of the producer price in oliver flounder. Second, the panel VAR estimation showed that the rate change of producer price in Jeju and Wando a month ago had a statistically significant effect on the change rate of producer price of each region. Third, the impulse response analysis indicated that other regions are affected a little more than the same region in case of the occurrence of the impact on the error terms of the change rate of produce price in Jeju and Wando oliver flounder. Fourth, the variance decomposition analysis showed that the change rate of producer price in the two regions was higher explained by Jeju compared to Wando. In conclusion, it is expected that the above results can not only be useful as basic data for the stabilization of oliver flounder producer price and the establishment of policies for easing volatility but can also help the oliver flounder industry operate its business.

Sorghum×sudangrass hybrid (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, SSH) is one of the most important summer forage crop and it is widely used for silage in Korea. Agriculture is highly dependent on the climate condition and experiencing significant loss of productivity due to climate change. This study was conducted to investigate the correlation analysis between productivity of forage SSH and climatic factors in Central Northern region of South Korea for 3 years (2017 to 2019). Plant height and dry matter yield of SSH were significantly higher in Gyeonggi-do than Ganwon-do. The productivity of SSH is more closely related with temperature than other climatic factors. Maximum temperature and Growing degree days in May and June showed a positive correlation. However, correlation between production of SSH and precipitation was not clear in this study, but rainy days showed a negative correlation (0.42). In conclusion, temperature is most important climatic factor to the maintenance of plant yield.

port is the intersection of highway, railway, waterway and other transportation modes, and is the key to realizing integrated transportation. There are many excellent ports around the Tumen River Region. With the obvious location advantages, Tumen River Region is an important part of Tumen River regional cooperation and development, and is the key to realizing the “borrow port to sea”, which is raised in “China Tumen River regional cooperation and development planning outline -- regard Changjitu area as the development and opening leading area” (referred to as “planning outline”). This paper focus on the main ports in the Tumen River region, taking them as the research object. Furthermore, the paper makes the strategic plan for the port cluster in the Tumen River region as well as puts a collaboration scheme is proposed by analyzing the research reviews of the Tumen River region and the present situations of the main ports.

There is little information on the nutrient intake according to the city size and small town in Korean elderly. This study analyzed the nutritional consumption of older people in metropolitan, middle and small cities, and rural areas according to four income levels. The recent data from the 2016~2018 Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention were used. The final analysis included 4,325 individuals (Male: 1,856, Female: 2,469) over 65 years old. Multivariable regression with a complex sample design was conducted to compare the nutrient intake among the groups. In a comparison within regions, the nutrition status of the elderly in small towns was more vulnerable than metropolitan and middle & small cities. The energy intakes were similar between the groups. The carbohydrate intake of middle & small cities was significantly higher than the other regions. The intake of other nutrients in metropolitan and middle & small cities appeared to be higher than in rural areas. The number of nutrients with statistical significance between low and high-income levels were 19 in metropolitan, 11 in middle & small cities, and 5 in rural areas. Each contribution of carbohydrate, fat, and protein to the total energy intake was lower in the low-income level than the high-income level in metropolitan and middle & small cities. On the other hand, in rural areas, only the contribution of protein to energy intake was lower in the low-income level than the high-income level. Cities with higher levels of urbanization had more severe nutritional inequality in relation to the income level. There was also nutritional inequality present in rural areas but it was to a lesser extent. Moreover, the generally low level of nutrient intake was problematic in rural areas. These findings could be used as fundamental evidence for developing community nutritional policies for the elderly.

기상현상관측은 기상청에서 다양한 방법(지상, 고층, 해양, 항공, 등)으로 관측되고 있다. 하지만, 인간생활에 많은 영향을 미치는 대기경계층 관측에는 한계가 있다. 특히, 존데 또는 항공기를 이용한 기상관측은 경제적인 측면에서 상당 한 비용이 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 기상드론을 이용하여 국지기상현상 중 해륙풍 연직분포에 대한 기상 인자들을 측정하고 분석하는 것이다. 해륙풍의 공간적 분포를 연구하기 위해 보성지역 표준기상관측소의 보성종합기상탑을 포함한 다른 세 지점(해안가, 산기슭, 산중턱)에 동일한 통합기상센서를 각 드론에 탑재하였다. 2018년 8월 4일 1100 LST부터 1800 LST까지 30분 간격으로 최대 400 m 고도까지 기온, 상대 습도, 풍향, 풍속, 기압의 연직 프로파일 관측이 수행되었다. 기온, 상대 습도, 기압에 대한 기상현상의 공간적 특성은 네 지점에서 보이지 않았다. 강한 일사량 시간 대에 중간지점(~100 m)에서 강한 바람(~8 m s−1 )이 관측되었고, 오후에는 풍향이 내륙지역의 상층부터 서풍으로 바뀌었다. 기상드론을 이용하여 관측한 하부 대기층의 분석결과는 보다 정확한 기상예보 향상에 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다.

본 연구는 남부권역 소나무의 지역별 완만도에 따른 생장특성을 비교 분석하고자 수행되었다. 강원지역을 제외한 중부 산간지역, 남부 산간지역, 서남해안지역 등 3개 권역에서 115개소를 조사·분석하였다. 수집된 189본의 수간석해를 실시하였으며, Kozak 식을 이용하여 수간곡선을 추정하여 지역별 간재적표를 작성하였다. 지역별 완만도 분석에 의해 구간별로 재적 특성을 비교 분석하였다. 흉고직경 15cm 이하, 수고 10m 이하에서는 중부 산간지역에 비해 남부 산간지역과 서남해안 지역의 간재적이 상대적으로 높게 나타났다. 특히 중부산간 지역과 남부 산간지역 간, 그리고 중부 산간지역과 서남해안 지역 간의 재적 추정치는 경급이 증가함에 따라 재적 격차가 커져서 본당 0.1m3 이상의 차이를 보였다. 반면, 남부 산간지역과 서남해안 지역의 차는 본당 0.05m3 이하로 적게 나타났다. 우리나라 소나무 현실임분의 축적이 증대되어 수확기에 근접함에 따라 본 연구결과로부터 지역 간 정확한 재적 추정을 위해서는 지역 간 생장 특성을 고려한 지방적 재적표의 작성이 요구되어짐을 알 수 있다.

본 연구는 2006년부터 2019년까지 개최된 경관 조성용 화 훼를 주제로 하는 지역축제의 시기 및 지역에 따른 변화와 화 훼류의 이용 및 생산현황 분석을 통해 향후 경관화훼 연구에 대한 기초자료를 제공하고자 수행하였다. 2006년부터 2019년 까지 개최된 지역축제 10,800건 중 경관화훼 관련 축제를 시 기별 및 지역별 개최수와 활용된 식물의 종류와 생산현황을 분석하였다. 지역축제 10,800건 중 꽃축제는 1,312건으로 연 평균 94건이 개최되었으며 지역축제의 12.1%를 차지하였다. 지역축제는 2008년 최고점에서 감소하다 2014년 이후 지속적 으로 상승하고 있는 반면 꽃 축제의 비율은 2008년에서 2010 년까지 소폭 감소하였다가 지속적으로 높아져 2019년에는 15.5%를 차지하였다. 계절별 평균적인 개최비율은 봄 66.7%, 가을 25.7%, 여름 6.8%, 겨울 0.8%로 봄에 가장 많이 집중되 었으며, 여름과 겨울에는 매우 적게 나타났다. 지역별로 살펴 봤을 때 전남은 매년 평균 18건으로 개최수가 많을 뿐만 아니 라 2010년 이후 지속적으로 늘어나는 경향을 보인 반면 경남 의 경우는 매년 평균 10건으로 2010년 이후 지속적으로 감소 하다 2016년부터 증가하였다. 이외에 강원도, 경기도, 서울, 전북, 충남 등에서 매년 평균 9건 정도가 개최되었으며 그 다 음으로 충북, 경북, 제주도, 대구 등에서 3~4건이 개최되었고, 인천, 울산, 부산, 광주, 대전 등은 2건 이하로 전반적으로 대구를 제외한 광역시에서 꽃 관련 축제가 적은 것으로 나타났 다. 인터넷으로 검색된 소규모 축제를 포함하였을 때 2019년 개최건수는 경기도(49건), 전남(40건), 서울(28건), 제주도(25 건), 충남(25건), 경남(24건), 강원도(17건), 경북(12건) 등으로 나타났다. 경관용 화훼류는 목본류가 연평균 51건의 꽃축제에 서 주제식물로 활용되었으며, 일년초(11건), 그래스(9건), 숙 근초(8건), 수생식물(3건), 구근류(3건) 순으로 나타났다. 주제 식물은 목본류(12종), 일년초(4종), 관상용 그래스(4종), 다년 초(3종), 구근류(3종)으로 26종이 사용되었으며, 구근류를 제 외한 대부분의 식물이 2~4개의 축제에서 중복으로 활용되었 다. 경관조성용 화훼생산량은 경남, 전남, 울산, 경북, 전북, 강원도, 경기도, 충북, 충남 순으로 나타났다. 품목별로는 국 화와 메리골드가 100만분 이상, 팬지류와 페튜니아는 50만분 이상, 색양배추, 베고니아, 백일홍, 패랭이류, 샐비아, 맨드라 미 등이 10만분 이상 생산되었다.

The purpose of this study is to obtain data on the zones formed by the movement of livestock vehicles and to determine if such areas can be used to establish quarantine activities and quarantine policies for livestock epidemics. For this purpose, this study used mobile data on poultry-related livestock vehicles generated in 2019. InfoMap, a community detection method, was used for regional classification, and the results of the analysis were visualized on a map using GIS. The study results confirmed that the zone of the administrative unit can be classified based on the movement of livestock vehicles. In addition, the zones created by the vehicle movement could be seen to change depending on the purpose and timing of the operation of livestock vehicles. Some areas form relatively stable zones, such as Jeolla-do and Gyeongsang-do, while others change depending on the situation, such as Chungcheong-do, Gyeonggi-do, and Gangwon-do. Further, the zones derived for poultry differed from those derived for cattle and pigs in previous studies.

The Kra Canal is a mega-project that provide a new maritime route that would connect the Gulf of Thailand with the Andaman Sea, linking the Indian and Pacific Oceans. The idea of building the Kra Canal has widely gained attention from policy-makers, legislators, maritime activities, shipping and seaport operators due to advantages such as big cost savings, higher levels of safety and security, shortened distance and time compared to the voyage through the Straits of Malacca and Singapore. This waterway will likely challenge the present maritime business activities in ASEAN region. Therefore, the aim of this article is considering the pros and cons of the Kra Canal project to political, economic, sociological, legal, environmental, maritime security, and safety aspects by using the thematic analysis combined with PESETLM method. It is note that the new Canal will be beneficial for Vietnam in all aspects, especially maritime economy. Therefore, this article is pioneer research to a comprehensive analysis of the trend of the Vietnamese maritime industry awaiting to advantages of the Kra canal. Given the inherent strengths of the geographical features, the novel maritime business strategies are proposed to boost and reshape the Vietnam maritime economy, for instance the best policy to enhance co-operation and trade growth with other countries and regions; a variety of investigations of maritime business in strategy regions; enhancing Cai Mep - Thi Vai ports as hub port of Vietnam; the development of deep-water seaports and logistics services in Hon Khoai Island and long-term planning for main bunker compliance fuel supply or energy source for vessels; policies to enhance management and surveillance, and enforcement of the law, the innovation of administrative procedures in seaports, deep-water seaport electronic services, and electronic customs in the digital era.

오렌지는 우간다에서 식량 및 영양 공급과 농촌 일자리 창출에서 매우 중요한 작목이다. 그러나 최근에 우간다 오렌지 주산지 Teso지역 농업인들은 잎과 과일의 반점병뿐만 아니라, 관개시설의 절대적 부족과 기후변화에 의한 가뭄으로 생산량 감소와 폐농하는 사례들이 발생하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 우간다 오렌지 생산 농가들의 생산량과 소득을 증가시키기 위하여 효과적인 반점병 및 토양수분 관리 기술을 개발하고자 농가를 대상으로 실증을 실시하였다. 1. 오렌지 반점병 방제에 효과적인 약제를 선발하기 위하여 ridomil, carbendazim, 그리고 cooper 살균제들의 단제, 교호 및 혼합 살포한 결과 Carendazim 단제 사용으로 오렌지 반점 병을 방제하였을 때 농가 생산량과 소득은 각각 55.2% 및 74.8% 증가하여 오렌지 나무 대부분 생육단계에서 가장 효과적이었다. 2. 오렌지 과수원 토양수분 관리는 외부에서 과수원으로 연결하는 빗물 유도로(trench)와 오렌지 나무 밑 수반형 빗물 저장시설(basin)을 설치한 다음 가축 배설물(manure)을 함께 처리하였을 때 농가소득이 약 2배나 증가하는 등 가장 효과가 좋았다. 3. 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 향후 오렌지 주산지역 농가를 대상으로 시범마을 사업으로 확대 적용할 예정이다.

This study was conducted at the National Institute of Animal Science from 2010 to 2017. As a variety that is sufficiently productive in the southern regions to replace imported varieties and sufficiently cold-resistant to be cultivated in the central-northern regions, "IR605" was developed and submitted to the Korea Seed & Variety Service in an application for protection. The novel Italian ryegrass variety "IR605" is a diploid with green leaves, a semi-erect growth habit before wintering, and an erect growth habit in the spring. "IR605" was a medium maturing variety with a heading date of around May 15th. "IR605" had a flag leaf width of 9.9 mm, flag leaf length of 26.7 cm, and plant length on the heading date of 100 cm, which was approximately 5 cm longer than "Kowinearly." The stem thickness and ear length of "IR605" are 0.08 mm thicker and 0.5 cm longer than those of "Kowinearly", respectively. The cold-resistance of "IR605" was weaker than that of "Kowinearly", but strong enough to be cultivated in Pyeongchang, Gangwon province. The dry matter yield of "IR605" (9,308 kg/hectare) was 20% higher than that of "Kowinearly", which was further pronounced in the southern region of Haenam, where there was a 52% increased (p < 0.05). The in vitro dry matter digestibility of "IR605" was 68.4% at which was slightly higher than that of "Kowinearly", The total digestible nutrients was 58.5%, which was slightly lower than "Kowinearly". Overall, the feed quality characteristics of "IR605" were similar to those of "Kowinearly".