The paper describes creation methods of background scenes to implement realistic virtual environments in the VRSS (Virtual Reality Ship Simulator). VRSS is next-generation system constructed with virtual tools in a virtual space. Thus, it could have many benefits compared to conventional ship simulators composed with heavy bridge mock-up system and wide visual presentations. In this work, we developed effective 3D object modeling techniques, and constructed virtual harbor scene by using 3D-Webmaster authoring tool. The virtual harbor was built with object-oriented 3D objects modeled to interact with user's action. With the immersion-type VR system, we created virtual harbor environments in a virtual space, and discussed on the naturalness of the scene with test results of SDMPA (Semantic Differential Method for Psychophysical Assessment) by 10 subjects. As the results of subject assessment, all of the participants could felt natural-like harbor. Therefore, we found that the proposed creation methods and procedures of background scene are enabling to fit to the full mission VRSS construction.
Poetical revealation of Yeats’s philosophical ideas can be spurred through the phenomenological insights. Its textual practices into Yeats’s poetic totality could open an entrance towards his poetic Tower in his visionary poetic geography. With help of many literary or poetical representations in his poetic universality, some signifiers can be converged to the common inflections, such as intuition, reduction(epoche), Pure Consciousness, life-world, etc. The “Indira’s network” has been spread for the poetics and praxis of E. Husserl’s Phenomenolgy and Yeats’s “Per Amica Silentia Lunae,” one of his philosophical manifestos. Yeats’s enigmatic domains in his poetic suliminal consciousness. such as immediate felt images, ironical rethorics, primitive intellect, incarnated phenomenality, could be illuminated by the reductionary ideation and intentionality, bracketing of Phenomenology. Yeats’s ‘Anima Hominis’ and ‘Anima Mundi’ in “Per Amica Silentia Lunae” has shown the similar process of Epoche-like ideation. His visionary dogmas has traced the same epistemalogical traits of the Phenomenology. The categorial intuiting of the outside phenomenal objects could be the same on the basis of “suspension of belief” either poetically or philosophically. Yeats’s cognitive acts is not so different from Husserl’s in the sense of “Going back to the pure consciouseness.” Their formality and terminology might be distinguishable but the basic ideas show the similar principles on the authentic reality(external and internal). His somewhat visionary solipcism could be elucidated by the ideas of intersubjectivity, monadology, inference by analogy in Phenomenology. Yeats’s “A Tenedo tacitae per amica silentia lunae,” thoghtful sedimentation, gradations of perceptual shading in the Vision, eidectic reductions of moon phases, are all the reflections of intentionality of his poetic muses. His “arrow women” into the “boundless and unpredictable world” are the metonymy of “Reduction into the Essences.” His actual and ideal aphorie, pure ego, soul duality shows the three processes of description, intuitive expression of consciousness, and symbolic significations, so oftentimes found in the phenomenal ideas. These insights could lead to the light-shedding onto the comparative study of Zen ideas.
본 연구는 다국적기업 관리자의 직무성과에 영향을 주는 요인을 파악하고, 이러한 요인이 문화적 배경이 다른 본사 파견관리자와 현지인 관리자의 직무성과에 어떤 차이를 보이는가를 분석코자한 것이다. 본 연구에서는 다국적 기업이라는 특수한 문화환경에 놓인 관리자의 직무는 크게 개인에 내재된 개인적 요인과, 관리자의 직무가 수행되는 상황적 요인에 의해 영향을 받는다고 가정하였다. 개인적 요인은 그것이 개인의 본원적 특성인가 아니면 후천적 성격을 지녔는가에 따라 관리자의 개성적 측면과 그가 보유한 기술적 측면으로 구분하였고 상황적 요인은 직무가 수행되는 환경과 여건을 말하는 것으로 시간제약, 직무 수행인원의 수 등으로 나누었다. 본 연구는 우리 나라에 진출해 있는 미국기업을 조사대상으로 하여, 본국관리자인 미국인관리자와 현지인 관리자인 한국인관리자에게 각각의 개인적 요인과 상황적 요인이 직무에 미치는 중요도를 평가해주도록 요청하였다. 본 연구에서 제시한 가설을 검증하기 위한 분산분석 결과, 미국인관리자는 한국인관리자에 비해 개인적 요인 가운데 본원적 특성인 관리자의 개성이 직무성과에 더 중요하게 작용 한다고 생각하고 있는데, 이는 동료간 협력과 인화를 중시하는 한국인관리자의 집단주의적 문화배경과 조직내의 경쟁과 개인의 자아성취를 존중하는 미국인관리자의 개인주의 문화의 문화적 차이로 설명할 수 있을 것이다. 그러나, 후천적으로 습득되는 기술 요인의 직무성과에 미치는 중요도 평가에서는 두 그룹간 유의할만한 차이가 발견되지 않았다. 따라서 다국적기업은 교육프로그램 등을 통해서 기술적 측면의 관리자간 문화차이는 상당부분 해소시킬 수 있으리라 생각되어 진다. 상황적 요인의 중요성에 대한 평가는 미국인관리자가 상대적으로 더 중요하다고 평가하고 있는데 가설 검증을 통하여 확인된 두 그룹간 차이는 기존의 비교문화 연구에서 제시하는 고배경/저배경문화. 개인주의/집단주의 문화의 분석 틀로써 설명할 수가 있을 것이다.
This paper aims at understanding the Characterics of Architectural Education Methodology in Hannes Meyer's Bauhaus. Through the analysis of his Bauhaus curriculums, writings and works, especially Co-op designs and buildings, this paper investgates the problems caused by functionality, diagramic organization of modern life and sociality, and grasps the meaning of his works. Meyer realized the possibility of Bauhaus education system resulting from mechanical and technological progress, and pursuited the architecture for the proletarian masses. According to analysis, functionality and critical sociality were adopted to criticize bourgeosie humanistic architecture, it reveals Hannes Meyer's architectural Avant-garde strategy.
본 연구는 유치원 및 어린이집 교사들의 어린이 영양에 관한 태도를 조사하고 그들의 영양에 관한 교육 경험이 영양지식에 미치는 영향에 관해 조사, 분석하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같이 요약된다. 1. 응답 교사가 어린이 5대 생활지도 중에서 가장 중점을 두는 것은 사회생활이 50.5%로 가장 높았으며 건강생활은 37.3%로 2번째로 나타났다. 2. 어린이 영양교육의 필요성에 대해서 교사들의 36.3%가 `매우 필요하다`고 응답하였으며 58.8%가 `필요하다`고 응답하여 95.1%가 필요성을 인식하고 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 3. 영양프로그램 참가 기회가 주어진다면 교사들의 28.4%가 반드시 참가하겠다고 응답하였고 55.9%가 참가하려구 노력하겠다고 응답하여 전체의 84.3%가 긍정적인 답을 하였다. 4. 급식시간과 영양교육의 관련성에 대한 생각을 묻는 질문에 `어린이들의 사회화에 필요한 시간`이라는 응답이 55.4%, `영양에 관해 교육할 기회`가 30.9%로 나타났다. 5. 어린이의 영양교육방법은 38.3%가 `급식시간을 활용하여 교육한다`고 응답하였으나 `특별히 주제를 정하고 시청각 교재를 활용하여 영양교육을 한다`는 경우 3.9%로 나타났다. 또한 `급식시간의 영양교육활용 가능성은 인정하나 활용하지는 않는다`고 응답한 교사가 47.5%로 조사되었다. 6. 교사들의 영양지식에 관한 점수는 총 20점 만점에 10.9±3.0으로 나타났다. 7. 영양교육 프로그램 참가 경험이 있는 교사는 전제의 18.6%였으며 그들의 영양 지식 점수는 11.0±3.0, 경험이 없는 교사는 10.3±3.1이었다. 재학시 영양과목 이수 경험이 있는 교사는 전체의 44.6%였으며 그들의 영양지식 점수는 11.1±2.9, 이수경험이 없는 교사는 10.6±3.2로 나타나 영양교육경험이 있는 교사들이 다소 높은 점수를 나타냈으나 검정 결과 유의성은 나타나지 않았다.
This study is on the early historical background and the process of development of modern architecture in Thai, during the period from 1782(King Rama 1) to 1934(King Rama 7). Thai started tn form a connection with western nations from the late 18C, founded the Bangkok Dynasty. Since then, Thai was increasingly influenced by western civilization and this trend included an increasing influence of western architecture. In this paper, the centeral objective is to observe the architectural change during the period from King Rama 1(1782-1809) to King Rama 7(1925-1934). This can be divided into three period. During the first period, from King Rama 1 to King Rama 3(1824-1851), Thai architecture showed a tendency to follow the preceding traditional example and to imitate Chinese architecture. The second period is from King Rama 4(1851-1868) to King Rama 5(1868-1910). During this period, Thai architectural design was increasingly influenced by western concepts, specially European Neo-classicism Style. During the third period, from King Rama 6(1910-1925) to King Rama 7(1925-1934), Thu had been enjoying extensive commerce with western nations. The great developments in the field of architecture during this reign were apparent in the construction of public utilities and facilities. These buildings were designed by western architects. At this time, modern architectural concept of western was introduced.
More than a century has been elapsed since the Protestant Church Music had laid its root on Korean soil with the arrival of two American missionaries, H. G. Underwood and H. G. Appenzeller, in 1885. The two hymn books they carried with them may properly be acknowledged that Korean Protestant Churches first came in contact with formal Western church music, with the exception of Catholic Church Music which precedes protestant church music by another century, The Word and music were given to Korean churches simultaneously. The ministry of the Word has been unprecedently and unimaginably successful in Korea that churches all over the world took the Korean Churches as the model for a case study for its overwhelmingly rapid revival and growth in such a short period of tie. The Korean churches, however, are now undergoing experience of the aftermath of unbalanced diet of spiritual food, the Word and music. The church is founded on the Word and music. Many church fathers emphasized the importance of music, and the spiritual and moral impact music has on Christians not only in worship services but also in their everyday life. The Korean Churches, however, have concentrated only on the ministry of the Word neglecting, if not ignoring, music as a whole. This does not mean to say that music has not been used in churches at all, but, rather, the development of church music has not been kept abreast with, that of the ministry of the Word. In other words, the theology of the Word at the cost of the theology of music took the priority, thereth leaving Korean Churches crippled to cope with the churches world -wide. For Martin Luther, music was a "noble, wholesome, and joyful creation," a gift of God to the chruch, only next to theology in importance. For Luther to "say and sing" was a single concept resulting from the inevitable erruption of joyful song in the heart of the redeemed. Philip Melanchton, who assisted Luther in the reformation movement, supported Luther's view of church music saying, "When church music ceases to sound, doctrine will disintegrate. Religious music applied to life is a sanctification of life." The intertwining duet of music and theology forms the substance of Biblical theology. Although there is no specific chapter and verse in which is to be found a clear theological statement concerning the nature and function of music, there is nevertheless hardly a page of the Bible from which some musical inference cannot be drawn. As the Bible unfolds the records of the acts of God the continuous sound of music is heard. Johann Walter, who assisted Luther with his musical expertise, emphasized the organic unity between music and theology. He thought that music, "practically and inheritantly," belongs to theology. He believed that "music is intertwined and shackled to theology that anyone who disires, researches, and studies theology, must have an understanding of the art of music even though he does not read, feel, and know music." It appears to the writer that the overwhelming number of Korean ministers and theologians have overlooked, knowingly or unknowingly, the importance of the role of music in the worship service for the past century due to the lack of theology and philosophy of church music. Should we admit that late is better than never, there should be an enlightening effort on the part of every concerned ministers, permanantly retarded or handicapped by lopsided diet in our Christian Life. If the two ends of a scale, the word and music, be held in equilibrium in Korean churches, the true evaluation of the growth of the Korean Church, not only physical and quantitative growth but also spiritual and qualitative growth, may well take its much desired due place in the future.
전통적인 산업조직이론에서 널리 사용되는 시장구조-행동-성과 분석 도구 (The SCP Paradigm)는 시장성과가 가격정책, 기술개발투자(R&D), 광고투자, 생산 설비 변경 등 시장행동의 함수라는 압묵적 가정에 근거한다. 최근 시장행동 중에서 기업의 관심이 크게 높아진 R&D 및 광고투자가 시장성과에 미치는 영향이 크게 부각되었으며, 시장성과를 구성하는 주요요인으로 주목받고 있다. R&D 및 광고투자의 성격과 행태, 그리고 시장성과에 미치는 영향이 상호 유사함에도 불구하고 두가지 변수를 동시에 다룬 연구는 매우 드물다. 몇 안되는 연구들도 기업의 행태를 실증적으로 설명하는 데 치중함으로써 이론적 근거를 소홀히 하는 경향을 보이고 있다. 즉, 논리의 전개상 이론적인 근거를 바탕으로 수리모형이 먼저 제시된 후에야 이를 검증하는 방법으로 통계모형을 사용하는 것이 옳을 것이다. 이 논문은 기존의 SCP 분석방법을 사용하여 기업이 한정된 재원을 어떤 원칙아래 R&D 및 광고에 분산투자하는 가를 설명하기 위해 수리모형을 설정한 후, 정태와 동학, 확실정과 불확실성, 단발성과 균등투자전략의 개념을 도입하여 다양한 분석을 시도하였다. 또 R&D 및 광고투자 함수를 이론적 근거에 의해 도입하되, 각 모형에 균형이 존재하는가를 검증하였다. 수리모형을 이용해 분석한 결과 (1) 기업의 투자는 R&D 및 광고투자간에 한 계원리(Marginal Principle)가 지켜지도록 분배할 때에 효율적임이 판명되었고, (2) 동학모형이 정학모형을 포함하는 일반모형의 성격을 가지고 있었으며, (3) 투자는 확실성이 높을수록, 분산시킬수록 투자효과가 큰 것으로 나타났다. 한국을 대상으로 한 실증적 모형추정은 앞의 수리모형 및 그 결과에 근거를 두었으며, 한국기업에 적절한 R&D 및 광고투자함수를 추정한 뒤 이를 이용해 업종, 기업규모, 상품유형별로 적합한 모델(Fixed Effects Model)을 결정하고, 각각에 해당 하는 통계모형을 구축하였다. 이 결과 (1) 업종 및 기업규모별로 그룹간에 유의한 특성이 발견되었으며, (2) R&D 및 광고투자는 기업의 시장성과를 설명 하는 중요한 변 수이나, (3) R&D투자의 경우는 광고에 비해 불확실성이 존재하는 것으로 나타났고, (4) 수리모형에서 도출된 한계원리가 통계모형에서도 유효한 것으로 드러났다.
The earth science was set down as a regular subject of high-school curricilum in 1956 and has been constantly transited since then. This study is to discover the theoretical basic of science education by analyzing the background of formation of the curriculum and the process of transition. The aim of this study is to give an important suggestions for the future Earth Science Education. The summary of the study and suggestions for the sixth amendment of Earth Science curriculum are as follows 1. To promote the development of Science Education, Science subjects should be decided to be a compulsory subject by authority and supported financially. 2. It is necessary that the Earth Science be selected as a required subject in both human and natural course ; at least 4 unit for the human study course, and 8 unit for the natural course. 3. In the sixth amendment of curriculum the Earth Science should be fixed as a regular compulsory subject and both experiment and practice should be reinforced.
With the annual increase in the production and distribution of fresh agricultural products and the rapid development of China’s e-commerce business circle, while the huge online transactions need the support of offline logistics services, a series of problems such as violent screening in the logistics industry still need to be solved. Therefore, how to improve the quality of logistics services and make consumers satisfied is an urgent problem for the licensee. Based on the SERVQUAL service quality evaluation model and LSQ logistics service quality model, an evaluation model of the impact of fresh agricultural cold chain logistics service on customer satisfaction was constructed from four dimensions of reliability, visibility, information and service flexibility. This paper clarifies the relationship between consumer satisfaction and provides a basis for improving cold chain logistics service quality, including studying the evaluation of consumers’ purchase of fresh products on the Internet and establishing logistics service quality indicators. In this study, the analysis results generally have a significant impact on logistics service quality (+) and customer satisfaction. According to the characteristics of consumers, the impact of cold chain service quality on customer satisfaction may vary.
RCEP (《역내포괄적경제동반협정》)는 지역 경제 협력 체제를 강화하고 회원국의 법률 규칙의 융합을 추진하며 아세안 개발도상국을 중심으로 하는 무역 규칙 체계를 구축하고 아시아 태평양 지역의 정치 경제 이익 균형을 재구성하며 지역의 새로운 경제 구조의 형성을 가속화하는 데 중요한 추진 역할을 발휘할 것다. 역세계화와 무역보호주의가 고개를 들면서 대국들 게임이 경제 무역 협력에 대한 충격이 끊임없이 상승하고 각국이 무역 규칙과 표준 주도권에 대한 쟁탈이 심해지면서 아시아태평양 경제 일체화는 여러 가지 요소의 방해에 직면하게 되었다. 회원국은 협정의 발효와 실시를 가속화하고 점차적으로 더 많은 발전에 회원국의 참여를 흡수하며 무역 규칙의 업그레이드를 추진하여 아시아태평양 경제 일체화 발전을 추진해야 한다.