정삼투 공정에 유용한 유도용질로서 n-nitrilotris(methylene) phosphonic acid (NTPA) 염을 합성하였다. NTPA에 첨가하는 KOH의 함량을 변화시켜 NTPA-4K, NTPA-5K, NTPA-6K 세 종류의 유도용질을 합성하고 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR을 통하여 확인하였다. 유도용질의 물성을 확인하기 위해 삼투압, 점도, 수투과도, 역염 투과도를 측정하였다. 정삼투 공정에서는 증류수를 유입용액으로 사용하고 0.5 M의 유도용액으로 실험한 결과 각각 수투과도는 35.8, 38.8, 42.2 LMH를 나타내고 5.4, 6.9, 7.4 gMH의 역염 투과도를 나타내었다. 이는 기존의 NaCl 유도용액보다 높은 수투과도와 훨씬 낮은 역염 투과도를 확인 하였다. 정삼투 공정 후 묽어진 유도용질의 회수를 위해 나노여과 방식으로 상용막을 사용하여 제거율을 측정한 결과 90% 이상의 높은 성능을 확인하였다.

막 결합형 축전식 탈염공정에서 이온교환막의 이온교환용량이 염 제거 효율에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA) 수용성 고분자에 sulfosuccinic acid (SSA) 가교제를 첨가하고 poly(4-styrene sulfonic acid-co-maleic acid)(PSSA_MA)를 PVA 질량대비 10, 50, 90 wt%로 달리 첨가하여 제조하였다. PSSA_MA의 함량이 증가함에 따라 함수율과 이온교환용량이 증가하는 경향을 나타내었으며 막 결합형 축전식 탈염공정에서 염 제거 효율도 상승되었다. PSSA_MA 90 wt%, 100 mg/L NaCl의 공급액과 유속 15 mL/min에서 흡착 1.4 V/5분의 조건에서 가장 높은 65.5%의 염 제거 효율을 나타내었다.

Li-Cd 합금을 이용한 환원추출방식을 LiCl-KCl 기반의 drawdown 공정에 적용하게 되면, LiCl-KCl 공융염의 조성이 파괴되므로 공정온도를 높여야 하며, 전해정련 및 전해제련과 같은 공정에 LiCl-KCl 용융염을 재사용할 수 없게 된다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 공융염 조성에 적합한 Li-K-Cd 합금을 제조하였으며, 이를 이용하여 U와 Nd가 포함된 LiCl-KCl 염에 투입하여 용 융염 내 UCl3의 제거가 가능한지 평가하였다.

Cold, salt and heat are most critical factors that restrict full genetic potential, growth and development of crops worldwide.. In this study, we applied an annealing control primer (ACP) based GeneFishing approach to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in annual ryegrass (cv. Kowinearly) leaves under cold, salt and heat stresses. Two-week-old seedlings were exposed to cold (4°C), salt (NaCl 200 mM) and heat (42 °C) treatments for 6 h. A total 8 differentially expressed genes were isolated form ryegrass leaves. These genes were sequenced then identified and validated form National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database. We identified several promising genes encoding light harvesting chlorophyll a/b binding protein, alpha-glactosidase b, chromosome 3B, elongation factor 1-alpha, FLbaf106f03, complete genome, translation initiation factor SUI1, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. These genes were potentially involved in photosynthesis, plant development, protein synthesis and abiotic stress tolerance in plants. These genes might be useful for the enhancement of abiotic stress tolerance in fodder crops along with crop improvement under unfavorable environmental conditions.

As an approach for estimation of the droplet size in the molten salt-liquid metal extraction process, a droplet formation experiment at room temperature was conducted to evaluate the applicability of the Scheele-Meister model with water-mercury system as a surrogate that is similar to the molten salt-liquid metal system. In the experiment, droplets were formed through the nozzle and the droplet size was measured using a digital camera and image analysis software. As nozzles, commercially available needles with inner diameters (ID) of 0.018 cm and 0.025 cm and self-fabricated nozzles with 3-holes (ID: 0.0135 cm), 4-holes (ID: 0.0135 cm), and 2-holes (ID: 0.0148 cm) were used. The mercury penetration lengths in the nozzles were 1.3 cm for the needles and 0.5 cm for the self-fabricated nozzles. The droplets formed from each nozzle maintained stable spherical shape up to 20 cm below the nozzle. The droplet size measurements were within a 10% error range when compared to the Scheele-Meister model estimates. The experimental results show th

Development of forward osmosis (FO) membranes with high salt selectivity is a essential issue to realize the FO technology. To improve salt selectivity of the FO membrane, a polyamide thin film composite FO membrane was fabricated by the interfacial polymerization method using aromatic hydrocarbon organic solvents on polyacrylonitrile (PAN) supports. The aromatic hydrocarbon organic solvent accelerated amine diffusion rate toward the organic phase and the subsequent reaction, which can improve membrane performance by fabricating a thin and highly dense basal PA layer. As a result, the prepared FO membrane showed ~1.7 times higher flux and ~4.5 times higher salt selectivity compared to HTI-CTA commercial membrane with 1.0 M NaCl draw solution and DI water feed solution in FO mode.

This study examined the relationship between the eating out behavior of families and a low-salt management by housewives in Jeonju area. Self-administered questionnaires were collected from 420 housewives. Descriptive statistical analyses was completed using SPSS v. 19.0 and Stata 13.0. The frequency of eating out and delivered food of housewives in their 20s was significantly higher than that of the older housewives (p<0.001). The high order frequency delivered foods were chicken menu and Chinese food. The determinants of the eating out menu were children’s preference and meal time. The average scores of ‘interest on low-salt diet’, ‘attitude toward a low-salt purchasing’, and ‘praxis a low-salt diet’ were 2.70±0.95, 3.06±1.13, and 3.26±0.91, respectively. The level of a low-salt management housewives in their 20s was higher than that of the older housewives (p<0.001). Regression analysis showed that various factors (e.g. age, number of children, education level, and frequency of the eating out) correlated with the low-salt diet of subjects. For the adequate eating out behavior of families and low-salt management of housewives, information and consumer education to take family-related situations into consideration are necessary.