This study divided the area capable of producing domestic forage into grazing pasture, hay production area, and silage crop area, calculated the required area according to the forage production volume, and examined whether self-sufficiency in forage leads to cost savings. When the self-sufficiency rate of forage for dairy cows and Hanwoo is 80%, the improvement in profitability per heaf ranges from 3% to 9%, typically around 5%, which is considered a significant benefit for both corporate and individual businesses. The average profit per ranch is expected to increase about KRW 50 million per year, and the country as a whole is expected to reduce forage costs by KRW 0.9 trillion per year. Recently, efforts are being made by the government and local authorities to cultivate summer forage at the rice fields for improving self-sufficiency in forage feed to stabilize rice supply and demand. Furthermore, it is also necessary to conduct research on reducing the cost of concentrated feed and TMR (Total mixed ration).

The new biography of Jin Yunqiao published in the 19th year of Si De of Vietnam (1866) is the earliest version of “The New Jin Yun Qiao Biography” discovered at present. The text of “The New Jin Yun Qiao Biography” is divided into two columns, the upper column is a six-character poem, and the lower column is an eight-character poem, with a total of 2390 sentences and 16724 muttering words. The relationship between Nom characters in the book and Vietnamese recorded is complex. Through investigation, there are three situations: one word with many words, one word with many words and one word with one word. There are many words in a word, which can be subdivided into homophones, near sounds and different meanings, and near sounds and near meanings according to the sound and meaning relationship between words. According to the relationship between characters and their use functions, the word multi-character can be subdivided into “native use-native use”, “native use-borrowing” and “borrowing use-borrowing”. Word by word, according to the different use attributes, can be divided into two categories: “original use” and “borrowing”. The reason for the complex relationship between words and characters is related to the low standardization of Nom and Vietnamese. A Nom has many written variants, and a Vietnamese vocabulary has many phonetic expressions.

루쉰의 ｢묘비문(墓碣文)｣에 대한 기존 연구가 간과했던 측면의 하나는 산문시가 지닌 문학적, 미학적 특성에 대해 충분히 주의를 기울이지 않았다는 것이다. 루쉰의 사상은 체계적이고 논리적인 개념이 아니라 예술적이고 시적인 형상으로 표현될 수 밖에 없는 특성을 지니고 있다. 이런 의미에서 “시화된 철학”이라는 용어로 루쉰의 사상을 개괄하는 것이 가능하다고 할 것이다. 이런 시화된 철학은 동서양의 철학사 상사에서 일반적 경향이라고 할 수는 없지만, 그래도 꾸준하게 있어 온 것이 사실이 다. 시화된 철학이라는 말은 시와 사상, 형상과 개념의 고도의 융합을 가리키는 것이 다. 시로 표현될 수밖에 없는 사상, 사상을 떠나서 존재할 수 없는 시, 이런 특이한 시와 사상은 그 예술적, 미학적 특징에 대한 텍스트 분석이 그대로 사상적, 철학적 의미에 대한 해석과 직결되는 놀라운 경험을 제공한다. 이런 의미에서 본고에서는 예술과 사상의 긴밀한 결합에 주목함으로써 ｢묘비문｣에 대한 기존 연구에서 간과되 거나 해석하기 어려웠던 문제들에 대해 하나의 새로운 해결책을 제시해 볼 것이다. 따라서 ｢묘비문｣에 대한 텍스트 분석과 사상적 해석을 고도로 융합시키는 것이 이 글의 과제이다.

Zhong Hua Zi Jing is Chinese teaching material promoted nationwide and overseas for the purpose of “fast literacy and early reading”, which covers Level 4 Chinese characters specified in the HSK exam outline. Its content includes knowledge of fifty major categories, including astronomy, geography, human relations, history, and the like. Therefore, this study is based on Xu Tongqiang’s sinogram-based theory. This paper proposes a teaching plan using the Zhong Hua Zi Jing in teaching Chinese as a foreign language in order to achieves positive results in vocabulary and Chinese character learning. A survey was first conducted on Korean students in years three and four of the Chinese language major to demonstrate their level of understanding of Chinese characters included in Zhong Hua Zi Jing, and to elucidate the level of understanding of Chinese characters Zhong Hua Zi Jing. Then, the necessity and specific solutions of using Zhong Hua Zi Jing to teach vocabulary mainly based on Chinese characters was explored.

This article explores the different meanings of the number ‘three’ in proverbs. According to the analysis of this article, the number ‘three’ in proverbs, while carrying the basic meaning of quantity, has more expanded meanings in Korean, Chinese and Japanese proverbs, where it may mean ‘many’, ‘all (whole)’, ‘part’, ‘small’, and even more abstracted concepts. In contrast, the number ‘three’ in the English proverbs is largely biased towards negative meanings. At the end of this study, the analysis of the number ‘three’ in proverbs through machine translation shows that machine translation has many limitations on the translation of the many meanings of the number ‘three’.

The two most well-known Chinese characters dictionaries are Songben Yupian from China and Quanyun Yupian from Korea. These dictionaries contain a wealth of information on Chinese characters at the diachronic and synchronic level, while also retaining much information on Chinese characters during the period of its movement overseas. This paper is a corpus-based study which analyzes the differences in the style of arrangement, phonetic notation mode, interpretation, form interpretation, and other aspects of the two dictionaries, and further summarizes the laws of the development of Chinese characters in overseas dissemination. The result of this study indicates that the function of the two dictionaries is different, that the Chinese characters remained stable during their transmission to other countries, and that the overall trend in the evolution of the characters is toward simplification, and that the main way that Chinese characters morph extraterritorially is via phonetic and semantic replacement.

망문백자는 기면 위에 도안화된 그물문을 장식한 것으로 중국과 일본, 한국에서 제작됐 다. 본 연구는 그동안 종합적으로 조망되지 못했던 망문백자의 양식을 규명하고, 동아시아 망문백자의 제작양상과 특징을 고찰했다. 망문백자는 명 말기 수출자기 양식으로 확산됐다. 따라서 명 말기 망문백자가 유통되었던 국가들의 자료를 종합하여 살펴봄으로써 중국 망문백 자 제작 경향을 파악했다. 한편, 중국 망문백자는 주요 소비국이었던 일본에서 모방 및 변용 되었다. 일본은 경질백 자를 생산한 이래로 망문백자를 꾸준히 생산한 것으로 이해된다. 일본에서 망문 그 자체는 길상상징으로 도자기를 비롯한 공예품의 의장으로 애호됐다. 특히 도안집을 통해 널리 유포 되었는데, 이러한 도안집이 조선 19세기 이후 등장하는 망문백자 제작에 자극이 되었을 가 능성을 추정했다. 조선 후기는 백자 제작에 있어서 일본의 영향이 고조되는 시기로 대일교류 를 통한 망문백자 제작을 밝혔다. 이처럼 중국과 일본, 조선에 이르기까지 각국에서 망문백 자 제작과 수용이 각기 다른 양상으로 나타난 점을 통해 동아시아에서 공통으로 출현하는 망 문백자의 상호 영향관계를 탐구했다.

This study aims to prepare a colloidal silica-containing powder to enhance the solubility and dissolution rate of rivaroxaban using a self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS). We investigate the impact of colloidal silica on a nanoemulsion system for preparing powdered SNEDDS. The liquid SNEDDS comprises 30/20/50 (w/w/w) Peceol/ Cremophor RH40/Tween 80, which results in the formation of the smallest droplets. Three powdered SNEDDS formulations are prepared by suspending the liquid SNEDDS formulation using colloidal silica and spray drying. The powdered SNEDDS prepared with liquid SNEDDS and colloidal silica at a ratio of 1/0.5 (w/w) exhibits the highest water solubility (0.94 ± 0.62 vs. 26.70 ± 1.81 μg/mL) and dissolution rate (38.4 ± 3.6 vs. 85.5 ± 3.4%, 45 min) when compared to the drug alone. Morphologically, the liquid SNEDDS is adsorbed onto colloidal silica and forms smaller particles. In conclusion, an SNEDDS containing rivaroxaban, prepared using colloidal silica, facilitates the creation of a nanoemulsion and enhances the water solubility of rivaroxaban. Accordingly, this technology holds significant potential for commercialization.

This paper probes the elements of theoretical necessity, starting with the word ruo (若) in Duan Yucai’s Shuo Wen Jie Zi Zhu (段玉裁《說文解字註》). From the prospective of theoretical methods of “Ruo (若) ,” the theoretical necessity of “Ruo (若) ,” the exegesis functions of “Ruo (若) ” and different intonations with different modal particles, the author conducted multi-level and multi-dimensional analysis on “Ruo (若) ” in Duan Yucai’s Shuo Wen Jie Zi Zhu (段玉裁《說文解 字註》) so as to explore the concepts of theoretical necessity from Duan Yucai.

The objective of this study is to assess the impact of spray drying conditions on medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) loading, solubility, and release of an MCT-loaded solid self-emulsifying system in a water-insoluble oily substance. MCT-loaded solid self-emulsifying systems are prepared by spray drying with SDS and calcium silicate. The effects of inlet temperature (60, 80, or 100oC) and feed solution composition (0, 10, 50, 90, or 100% ethanol) on physicochemical properties of MCT-loaded solid self-emulsifying systems are studied. The inlet temperature significantly affects the water solubility of MCT. Moreover, the feed solution composition significantly affects water solubility, release rate, and MCT loading. The MCT-loaded solid self-emulsifying system obtained at 60oC using 90% ethanol feed solution shows the best physicochemical properties among the synthesized products and exhibits better water solubility (4.43 ± 0.44 vs. 0 μg/mL) and release (94.4 ± 1.6 vs. 32.8 ± 7.4%, 60 min) than a commercial product. Furthermore, the MCT-loaded solid self-emulsifying system shows an excellent emulsion droplet size (approximately 230 nm).

Many manufacturers applying third party logistics (3PLs) have some challenges to increase their logistics efficiency. This study introduces an effort to estimate the weight of the delivery trucks provided by 3PL providers, which allows the manufacturer to package and load products in trailers in advance to reduce delivery time. The accuracy of the weigh estimation is more important due to the total weight regulation. This study uses not only the data from the company but also many general prediction variables such as weather, oil prices and population of destinations. In addition, operational statistics variables are developed to indicate the availabilities of the trucks in a specific weight category for each 3PL provider. The prediction model using XGBoost regressor and permutation feature importance method provides highly acceptable performance with MAPE of 2.785% and shows the effectiveness of the developed operational statistics variables.

이 논문은 보컬의 변칙리듬의 활용 방법에 대해 연구하였다. 연구목적은 노래가 포함된 곡을 만드는 작곡, 작사, 편곡, 프로듀서, 보컬 등의 뮤지션이 좀 더 다양하고 독창적인 보컬 리듬을 활용할 수 있도록 방법을 제시하는 것이다. 연구방법은 대표적인 퓨전재즈 보컬 알 자로의 앨범과 라이브 공연에서 사용된 변칙적인 리듬의 선율 및 스캣을 분석한 후 그루핑의 구조 관점으로 도 출해 본 음악의 박자와 변형된 박자의 구조를 한 눈에 비교하고 인식 할 수 있도록 하였다. 연구결 과 <Spain>과 <Don't You Worry 'bout a Thing> 그리고 <Step By Step>은 한마디 안에 4분음표가 한 박의 길이를 가진 4분의 4박자 리듬 구조의 곡에서 4분음표와 8분음표의 길이가 합쳐진 그루핑 구조를 사용하였다. <Last Night>는 4분음표와 16분음표 길이가 합쳐진 그루핑 구조를 활용하여 보컬을 제외한 모든 악기가 한마디에 네 박으로 연주하는 리듬에서 변칙적인 그루핑을 적용하여 독특한 노래와 스캣이 만들어졌음을 도출하였다.

본 연구는 당대 시인이 시각적 이미지를 접하는 수단, 즉 ‘보다’의 의미를 나타내 는 시어 중에서 ‘뒤돌다’라는 특별한 의미소를 지닌 ‘顧’라는 시어를 집중적으로 분석 했다. 뒤를 돌아보는 행위의 대상은 당시에서 주로 시인 자신, 자신을 알아봐주는 지 기, 본인을 등용할 수 있는 집권자, 자신을 상징하는 그림자, 과거와 역사, 자신의 고 향 혹은 꿈을 이룰 수 있는 도성 등이 있다. 이 대상들은 모두 ‘자신’이란 개념과 관 련이 있었고, 시인이 시 안에 담은 ‘자신’의 정서와 긴밀한 관계를 맺고 있다. 본고는 이러한 대상들을 뒤돌아보았을 때 ‘顧’가 어떠한 의미를 나타내는지 고찰했다. 또한, ‘뒤’ 또는 ‘후방’이라는 ‘顧’의 의미소가 나타내는 부정적인 뉘앙스와 개념적 은유에 입각하여 ‘顧’의 의미가 시인의 감정 및 사상과 정확히 어떠한 관계가 있고, ‘顧’자가 어째서 시인의 처지와 정서를 드러내는 데 최적화되어 있는지 문학적 각도에서 연구 했다.

이 논문은 토마스 핀천의 󰡔바인랜드󰡕에서의 인물들의 ‘배제된 자’(The Preterite)로서의 역할과 의미를 탐색하고, 미국 사회 속 반-문화 혹은 대항문화의 역사적 의미와 사회적 의의를 문학적으로 접근한다. 핀천의 인물들의 시대성과 자유로운 영혼들의 피난처로서의 바인랜드에 대한 분석을 통해 핀천의 주체에 대한 시각을 권력과 ‘배제된’ 자의 사회 구조를 통해 접근하고, 핀천의 ‘배제된 자’들의 연대감과 그들의 ‘배제된’ 영성의 양상을 연구한다. 미국의 1920년대와 30년대의 노동 운동과 40년대 50년대의 저항 운동, 60년대의 히피 세대의 반문화 운동을 겪은 ‘배제된 자’의 저항의 역사와 문화적 장소로서의 바인랜드에 대한 분석을 통해 그들의 과거, 현재, 그리고 미래에 대한 연관성을 연구한다. 이 과정에서 ‘배제된 자’들의 ‘피난처’인 바인랜드는 그들 사이의 연대감과 다른 종교뿐 아니라 소위 다른 세계인 타나토이드라는 존재까지도 아우르는 ‘배제된’ 영성을 통해 서로 권력으로부터 보호하고 자연 속에서 평안을 얻는 구원의 장소임을 보여준다. 결론적으로 핀천은 이 소설을 통해 ‘배제된 자’들은 기독교적 전통을 통해서만이 아니라 ‘배제된’ 영성에 의한 ‘구원적 대안’도 가능한 것임을 보여준다.

Two stage-corpora of the newspaper LianHe ZaoBao from 2005-2008 (6678,6564 characters) and from 2018-2020 (3308,2690 characters) were collected and were used for Chinese characters statistics by the Huayu Research Center at Jinan University. Chinese character Species used in the two stage-corpora are 7004 and 6166 respectively. Chinese characters beyond the General Standard Chinese Character List in the mainland are 952 and 621 respectively, and the proportions of off-list characters are 13.59% and 10.07% respectively. The proportion of non-universal standardized Chinese characters decreased by 3.52 percentage points, indicating that Chinese characters used in the rear stage of LianHe ZaoBao are more consistent with those in mainland China. The Statistics, recording and sorting of the Chinese characters used in LianHe ZaoBao will help us understand the current Chinese characters ecology in Singapore and understand the commonalities and differences of Chinese characters between China mainland and Singapore. Based on the survey, we can explore the feasibility, methods and scope of the Chinese characters differences between Singapore and the mainland, as well as the strategies of compiling global Chinese dictionaries and further thinking about cross-border Chinese characters coordination.

The meaning of the word Di Chu (抵觸) was first carried by the character Di (牴). Due to the changes in the structural features of the glyphs that represent meaning, Di (牴) changed its semantic symbol to get other glyph Di (觝). Afterwards, due to the continuous generalization of word meaning, Di (抵) is used to express the generalized meaning of Di Chu (抵觸). Through in-depth analysis, it can be seen that because they have the same phonetic symbol Di (氐), the three words Di (牴), Di (觝) and Di (抵) have the same etymological meaning contact. And then, the three words can be used interchangeably with each other. In the process of using the literature, Di (牴), Di (觝) and Di (抵) can be replaced by other different Chinese characters to express the same meaning of Di Chu (抵觸), such as Di (𤚃), Di (𧣎), Di (𢪔), and so on. By combing and analyzing the the relationships between this group of characters in practical use, we can see that this group of characters constitute a complete inter character relationship in practical use by changing semantic symbols, changing phonetic symbols, making errors in semantic symbols, making errors in phonetic symbols, moving the position of phonetic symbols, complicating phonetic symbols, simplifying phonetic symbols, and loaning phonetic. In the process of the evolution of Chinese characters, there will often be some changes in the shape of the characters, which brings some difficulties to our learning and research process to a certain degree. Therefore, the study of the relationships between this group of characters in practical use can provide a variety of help for the in-depth study of Chinese characters. Firstly, it can provide more abundant materials for the study of the history of Chinese characters. Then, it is beneficial to promote the process of Chinese character related research. Furthermore, it has some guiding functions for improving the collection and revision of dictionaries.