자율주행 5단계(mind-off)에서는 운전에서 해방된 탑승자가 차량 내에서 대면 대화, 업무, 휴식, 영화 감상 등의 다양한 활동이 될 것으로 예상된다. 특히 자동차 실내 공간의 다양한 변화가 예상된다. 또한 미국자동차협회(American Automobile Association)가 시행한 조사에서 73%가 자율주행 자동차에 탑승하는 것이 두렵다고 응답하였고, 자율주행 5단계에서는 안전의 주체가 자율주행자동차로 이양이 예상되므로 사용자 경험 관점에서 연구가 이루어져야 한다. 최근 완전자율주행자동차의 안전성 확보에 관한 다양한 연구가 이뤄지고 있으나 실제 탑승자의 심리적 안전성 확보 관점에서의 연구는 부족한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구는 AHP 분석 기법에 기반하여 설문조사를 진행하였다. 그 결과 각 실내 행위 유형에 따라 탑승자의 심리적 안전성 확보를 위한 자동차 안전장치의 우선순위를 도출하였고 도출된 결과를 기반으로 탑승자의 심리적 안전성을 확보를 위한 실내 공간을 제시하였다. 본 연구는 탑승자의 심리적 안전성을 충족하는 실내공간 설계를 위한 방향성을 제시한 것에 의의가 있으며, 이를 바탕으로 사용자의 심리적 안전성 확보를 위한 완전 자율주행 자동차 실내 환경 조성이 이루어질 것으로 기대한다.

PURPOSES : In this study, the factors influencing traffic accidents of commercial vehicles in the transportation industry were examined. The evidence observed in this study showed how it contributes to the establishment of safety management policies. METHODS : Safety management data obtained from the Korean Transportation Safety Authority were integrated. A multi-regression analysis was performed by comparing data for the past three years of traffic accident data. RESULTS : Through multi-regression analysis, items that significantly influenced the safety evaluation index (the number of traffic accidents per vehicle owned and the number of dangerous driving actions per 100 km per person) were analyzed. Items with similar patterns observed for various commercial vehicle industries were also analyzed. Monthly average drop off rate, number of law violations per driver, percentage of drivers above 65 years old, percentage of drivers that have completed the compulsory education, number of vehicles owned, and driving distance per vehicle are the variables that influenced the safety evaluation index. CONCLUSIONS : There is a growing need to establish safety management policies and management measures to enhance the voluntary safety management capabilities of the industry. Safety management should be conducted through the analysis of traffic accident impact factors for commercial vehicles.

PURPOSES : In this study, a virtual driving simulator was used to analyze the effects of implementing appropriate highway driving criteria on the attentiveness of motorists on Korean highways. METHODS : The study includes three scenarios. Scenario 1 was purposed to investigate the relationships between driver focus, the brain waves associated with drowsiness, and the speed of motorists driving along the straight 5-km section of Saemangeum South-North Road, which is the same as a car-only road. Scenarios 2 and 3 were designed to have shorter straight sections to enable comparison of the occurrence of drowsiness-related brain waves and velocity changes at 3 km and 2 km, respectively. RESULTS : Driver focus was found to decrease and result in speeding after driving 2.5 km of the straight section. Past this point, driver focus continued to decrease, and drivers continued to accelerate. However, upon reaching a curved section, driver focus increased according to the linear change; furthermore, drivers showed a tendency to reduce their speed to a value near the speed limit. CONCLUSIONS : According to the analysis of highway traffic accidents that occurred between 2013 and 2015, approximately 50% of total traffic accidents are due to speeding, drowsiness, and negligence. Therefore, if appropriately long straight sections, i.e., sections that are not associated with a reduced ability to focus, are calculated and implemented in road planning and operation, it is possible to prevent accidents caused by lack of driver focus.

This paper describes result of a study on safety against a fire of charging cable for mobile phone for vehicle. Combustion on the USB cable in the car was happened while driving. Gas coming from the burning USB cable could be a reason which can make a secondary car accident since the driver also can be embarrassed while driving. In order to prevent a secondary car accident connected on the road, to research a reason why USB cable can emit gas and be burned in charging. We did simulation test with abnormal fault condition for the electronic component on the board in the USB cable. So we get the result from abnormal fault condition simulation test, for instance, shorted test for output terminal of 8 pin switch, shorted test for chip resistor after thermal aging in the condition 25 ℃ , 93 % RH during 48 hours. To analysis the result of all test, Combustion on the USB cable was not the 8 pin but other electrical component such as a chip resistor. Therefore we guess that the reason for USB cable combustion in charging in a car was not 8 pin and a LED but another defective component.

기계 중심의 자동차에 전기/전자 부품의 장착이 증가함에 따라 자동차 내 전기/전자(EE) 시스템에 대한 기능 안전 설계 요구가 대두되고 있다. IEC 61508 국제 표준은 모든 종류의 산업에 적용 가능한 기본적인 기능 안전 표준으로 작성되었다. 자동차 분야에서는 ISO 26262가 특화된 기능 안전 표준으 로 적용되고 있다. ISO 26262는 자동차의 기술적 복잡도 증가, 소프트웨어 내용 및 메카트로닉스 증가 추세와 함께 시스템적 고장(systematic failure)과 하드웨어의 우발 고장(random hardware failure)에 의한 리스크를 방지하기 위한 지침을 포함하고 있다. ISO 26262는 자동차 안전 수명 주기(관리, 개념, 시스템 개발, 하드웨어 개발, 소프트웨어 개발, 생산, 운용, 서비스, 폐기)를 제공하고, 각수명 주기 단계 별 필요한 안전 지침을 제공하고 있다. 최근 자율주행 차량(automatic driving) 및 전기자동차모빌 리티(e-mobility) 등에 대한 전 세계적 관심이 증가하고 이에 따른 기능 안전 설계의 중요성이 더욱 증가하는 시점에서 자동차 기능 안전에 대한 올바른 개념 이해는 자동차의 안전 설계를 넘어 자동차의 사용성 및 사용자 경험을 높이기 위한 기반을 마련하는 데 필수적이라 할 수 있다. 본 발표를 통해 자동차 안전 설계 개념을 이해하고, 안전 설계를 지원하고 보장하기 위한 아이디어를 제공하기를 기대한다.

Recycling is required for all disused vehicle since 2015. The resource recycling act also recommends that most disused vehicle parts have to be reused except for steering and brake parts. Since vehicle windshields should provide protection for drivers and passengers, they need high structural strength and reliability. However, the vehicle windshields themselves contain many defects arising from glass production process. Because the vehicle windshields are exposed to harsh road conditions, they are expected to experience the formation and growth of surface cracks, which can result in sudden failure. In this study, equibiaxial flexural strength tests are performed on used vehicle windshields to examine whether or not the parts can endure high impact stress due to foreign flying objects. The following conclusions can be drawn: (1) The equibiaxial flexural strength of used vehicle windshields fits the two-parameter Weibull distribution. The equibiaxial flexural strength with a 99.9% failure probability is 69MPa for used vehicle windshields. (2) The equibiaxial flexural strength with six sigma quality level and maximum principal stress at vehicle windshield under high impact load are 8.05MPa and 23MPa respectively. Therefore, Structural safety factor of used vehicle windshields is 0.35 and so we should prohibit used vehicle windshields from keeping in reuse.

The vehicle weight and alternative light materials development like aluminum alloys are hot issues around the world. In order to obtain the goal of the weight reduction of automobiles, the researches about lighter and stronger suspension links have been studies without sacrificing the safety of automotive components. Therefore, in present study, the structure analysis of the torque strut links made by aluminum alloys (A356) was performed by using CAE (computer aided engineering) to investigate the light weight design process from the reference of the rear suspension torque strut link which was made by STKM11A steel and was already proven in the commercial market. Especially, the simulated maximum von Mises stresses after strength analysis were normalized as fatigue limit and these were converted to the WF (weight factor) of the same type as the fatigue safety factor suggested and named like that in present study. From these, it was suggested that the fatigue properties of the torque strut could be simply predicted only from this static CAE simulation.

현재 국내 자동차 산업의 환경은 국제표준인 ISO 26262의 등장으로 새로운 국면의 단계에 와있다. 자동차 설계의 전 단계에 있어서 차량의 안전성과 신뢰성을 만족 시 키기기 위해 세부 활동과 프로세스 단계별 수행에 따른 산출물을 요구하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 ISO 26262의 수행활동 중 개념설계 단계에서 요구되는 개발 환경을 모델 기반 시스템공학 기법을 적용함으로써 ISO 26262 대응에 관한 적용 기법안을 도출하 려고 한다. 특히, ISO 26262에서 제시하는 프로세스 중 하나인 개념 단계에서 요구되 는 활동과 산출물을 본 연구를 통해 추구하는 연구 결과를 기반으로 향후 추가 연구 를 수행하면, ISO 26262에 대응하지 못하고 있는 자동차 산업에서의 중소업체들이 자 동차 시스템 개발에서 전면적인 모델기반 시스템공학 방법론 기반으로 ISO 26262에 대한 대응하기 위한 발전과정에 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다.

PURPOSES : This study is to analyze expected effect of a accident decrease when motorcycle safety inspection is introduced. METHODS : Based on the literature review of effect of 4-wheel vehicle inspection, probability of occurring accidents among defective motorcycles are calculated by using the number of estimated defective motorcycles and accidents resulting from defects of motorcycles. Then, the number of decreased accidents which is resulting from eliminating defects of motorcycles by safety inspection is estimated by using probability of occurring accidents among defective motorcycles. RESULTS : If the ratio of eliminating defects of motorcycles is 95% after motorcycle safety inspection, the effects of accident decrease of motorcycle safety inspection are analyzed from 2005 to 2008. As a result, 46,292 defective motorcycles are repaired and 1,376 accidents are prevented when the probability of occurring accidents among defective motorcycles is 2.97%. CONCLUSIONS : This study suggests the expected effect of motorcycle safety inspection is that the inspection can prevent 1,376 motorcycle accidents. However, the number of preventing motorcycle accidents are small, compared with the total number of motorcycle accidents because there are limitations to investigate the causes of defective motorcycle accidents. A more precise analysis of the expected effect of motorcycle inspection is possible when a systematic investigation of the causes of the accidents is implemented.

This study aims to evaluate structural safety through FEM on the hollow shaft and the shaft filled with aluminum foam as the impact beam made of high tensile strength steel, Force reactions of impact beams are investigated when the forced displacement of 50mm is applied equally on two beams. When impact velocity of 80km/h is applied onto impact beams equally with the limit velocity of automobile on national road, how much impact energies can be absorbed by beams are also investigated. As study result, impact beams without aluminum foam and with aluminum foam show the maximum reaction forces of 15.53kN and 20.34kN respectively in case of the forced displacement of 50mm. As impact analysis result, impact beams without aluminum foam and with aluminum foam can absorb impact energies of 560J and 820J respectively. As impact beam with aluminum foam has reaction force and impact energy more than 23% and 30% than without aluminum foam, impact beam with aluminum foam has more safety than without aluminum foam.

This study is aimed to investigate the occupational safety and health management of contractor company in the car industry. The questionnaire survey was conducted on the suppliers and contractors of car industry. Data were collected from 10 contractor companies and their 291 contractor companies(each outside and inside company). From the survey result, it was found that the level of all-round safety and health management is above the average. To strengthen the relationship for safety and health management, it is needed that the supplier company employ the person in exclusive charge to support contractor. Also it is needed the active support of the contractor company and needed that the supplier company employ the person in exclusive charge to support contractor. Finally, Many of the problems associated with the safety and health management by strengthening contractor company responsibility will have to be solved simultaneously.

In modern systems design and development, one of the key issues is considered to be related with how to reflect faithfully the stakeholder requirements including customer requirements therein, thereby successfully implementing the system functions derived from the requirements. On the other hand, the issue of safety management is also becoming greatly important these days, particularly in the operational phase of the systems under development. An approach to safety management can be based on the use of the failure mode effect and analysis (FMEA), which has been a core method adopted in automotive industry to reduce the potential failure. The fact that a successful development of cars needs to consider both the complexity and failure throughout the whole life cycle calls for the necessity of applying the systems engineering (SE) process. To meet such a need, in this paper a method of FMEA is developed based on the SE concept. To do so, a process model is derived first in order to identify the required activities that must be satisfied in automotive design while reducing the possibility of failure. Specifically, the stakeholder requirements were analyzed first to derive a set of functions, which subsequentially leads to the task of identifying necessary HW/SW components. Then the derived functions were allocated to appropriate HW/SW components. During this design process, the traceability between the functions and HW/SW components were generated. The traceability can play a key role when FMEA is performed to predict the potential failure that can be described with the routes from the components through the linked functions. As a case study, the developed process model has been applied in a project carried out in practice. The results turned out to demonstrate the usefulness of the approach.

오늘날 자동차 기술의 비약적인 발전으로, 단순히 이동수단으로만 여겨왔던 자동차 는 과거와는 비교 할 수 없을 정도의 안전성과 편의성을 제공하고 있다. 이러한 편의 와 안전을 제공하는데 있어서의 핵심은 전자제어 장치의 발달로 이뤄진 결과이다. 최 근 개발되는 전자제어 장치는 통합 모듈제어의 형태를 지니고 있어서 설계의 복잡성 을 지니고 있다. 따라서 이러한 특성으로부터 발생되는 문제를 기존에 준수해왔던 IEC 61508으로는 해결하지 못해, ISO 26262가 제정되었다. 따라서, ISO 26262의 국내 도입 에 따른 발생되는 문제들이 예측되고 있다. 이러한 문제에 대한 분석을 통해, 모델 기 반 시스템공학 적용을 통해 해결하고자 노력하였다. ISO 26262의 국내 적용에 따른 가장 유려되는 개발 전체 라이프사이클에 안전성과 신뢰성을 만족하기 위한 개발 프 로세스 도입에 대한 문제와 요구사항 분석 및 개발, 그리고 관리 측면에 대해 시스템 공학 전산지원도구 활용을 통한 모델기반 시스템 공학 접근 방법을 활용한 방안에 관 하여 논의하고 있다. 본 연구 결과를 기반으로 향후 추가 연구를 수행하면, ISO26262 의 국내 자동차산업 도입에 따른 문제에 해결하기 위한 과정에 도움이 될 것으로 기 대된다.

자동차를 설계할 때에는 예술적, 기술적으로 뛰어나다 하더라도 공학적으로 실현이 가능하여야 한다. 또한 비용이라든가 품질도 중요한 고려사항이다. 하지만 이것들 보다 자동차 설계에서 더욱더 중요시되는 것은 안전이다. 사고 시 사람의 생명을 최대한 안전하게 보호할 수 있는가이다. 이번 연구는 'Design for Safety' 중에서도 보행자 안전을 고려한 자동차 설계에 관해 연구하고자 한다. 2005년 교통사고 통계에 따르면 차대사람의 사고발생건수는 총 46,594건에 사망자 2,457명 부상자 47,282명이다. 이는 한 해 전체 교통사고 발생건수에 21.8%를 차지하고 있다. 본 연구는 자동차 사고 중 보행자와 차량의 사고 유형과 상해부위를 파악하여 사례를 중심으로 살펴본 후 이를 자동차 설계에 반영하는 방법에 대한 연구이다.

This paper was concerned about case study for preventing WMDSs(Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders) by using Thinking Process of TOC(Theory Of Constraints), Unfortunately, the number of WMDSs are rising steadily in auto-part manufacturer. These WMDSs have on worse and worse influence not only on the competition of enterprise but on the life quality of a worker. The research results are helpful to establish the preventing WMDSs and improvement of workplace environments for small-medium sized auto-part company.