개방화, 세계화의 심화로 국제사회 및 국가간의 상호의존성이 확대되고 있으며, 이에 따라 국제개발협력의 역할과 중요성도 커지고 있다. 또한 글로벌 시장의 개방과경쟁이 날로 심화되고 선진국 위주의 시장확대, 성장이 한계에 다다름은 물론 OECDDAC 가입 등 외교적 국격향상에 따라 대개도국 국제개발협력 확대에 대한 내외부의수요가 증가하고 있다.이러한 대외환경의 빠른 변화는 정책 및 국제공조의 강화 등 거시적 수준의 변화뿐만 아니라 국제개발협력의 방법론의 미시적 수준의 변화를 동시에 요구한다. 이에본 연구는 국제개발협력의 방법론에 대한 새로운 접근법으로서 오픈 이노베이션의 가치를 검토 하였고, 특히 교육분야에서 오픈 이노베이션의 운영사례인 ALCoB을 분석하여 향후 국제개발협력 방법론의 대안을 제시하고자 하였다.

This paper deals with an empirical analysis of the structural relationship among the factors such as quality management activities, organizational learning and firm performance of manufacturing corporations. The findings of the analysis are expected to make lots of contribution to manufacturing corporations establishing strategies for quality management activities and organizational learning. From the analysis, following conclusions and suggestions could be drawn: First, an analysis of the relationship between quality management activities and organizational learning showed that most activities of quality management turned out to exercise great influence upon the factors of organizational learning. This means that the activities of quality management will prompt the members of an organization to actively engage in learning activities individually, by team and organizationally, motivating them to spread such activities across the whole organization, leading ultimately to fundamental renovation of the very organization. Second, from an analysis of the relationship between organizational learning and firm performance, that is, financial and non-financial performances of a company, it was found that most factors of organizational learning have tremendous impact upon financial and non-financial performances of the company. Such result implies that decision and management of the things to be performed in the process of organizational performances are essential to determining firm performance because firm performance depend largely on the outcomes of organizational learning.

2007년 개정 한문과 교육과정은 한문과의 교육 내용을 영역과 내용으로, 영역 은 다시 ‘한문’과 ‘한문 지식’으로 나누었다. 한문과의 특성과 교육 내용을 간명하 게 제시하기 위해 영역 구분이 필요하다. 그러나 교실 한문 수업 장면에서 학습자 의 한문 학습 과정에 비추어 보면, 영역이나 내용이 分節되는 것이 아니라 상호 통합적으로 작용한다. 바로 이점이 연구의 출발점이다. 敎科에서 통합이란, 일차적으로 교육과정에서 區劃된 영역 및 내용의 통합을 말한다. 통합의 層位와 範圍는 크게 교과 외적 통합과 교과 내적 통합으로 나눌 수 있다. 한문과의 경우, 교과 외적 통합은 한문 교과와 타 교과 예컨대 국어과, 역사과, 철학과 사이 등 교과 간 통합을 말하고, 교과 내적 통합은 한문과 내용 체계의 영역과 영역, 영역과 기능, 기능과 기능, 그리고 텍스트와 텍스트 등의 통합을 일컫는다. 이 연구에서는 한문 교과 내 통합에 注目한다. 2007년 개정 한문과 교육과정 내용 체계에 따르면 한문 교과 내 통합 층위는 영역 간 통합, 영역 내 통합을 들 수 있다. 영역 간 통합은 일차적으로 ‘한문’ 영역 과 ‘한문 지식’ 영역의 통합을 말하는데, 한문 영역 가운데 읽기, 이해 영역은 언어 기능이기 때문에 이들 언어 기능과 한문 지식 영역 사이의 통합을 설정할 수 있다. 영역 내 통합은 한문 영역의 하위 영역으로 설정된 읽기, 이해, 문화 사이의 통합 과 한문 지식 영역의 하위 영역으로 설정된 한자, 어휘, 문장 사이의 통합을 말한 다. 한편, 읽기와 이해의 경우, 이들 기능 사이의 통합도 고려할 수 있고, 특정 기 능 예컨대 읽기 기능 안에서 소리 내어 읽기, 끊어 읽기 그리고 풀이하기 등을 통 합하는 기능 내 통합도 구안할 수 있다. 영역 간이나 기능 사이의 통합 차원과 달리, 학습 내용 및 학습 목표(성취 기준) 의 통합을 꾀할 수 있다. 한문, 한문 지식으로 나뉘어 있는 40 여 개의 학습 내용 을 서로 관련 있는 것끼리 묶어 단원 단위로 학습 내용이나 학습 목표(성취 기준) 의 통합을 지향할 수 있다. 또한 한문과에서 설계 가능한 통합 대상으로 텍스트나 주제 및 소재 차원에서 의 통합을 고려해 볼 수 있다. 2007년 개정 한문과 교육과정은 한문과의 주요 텍 스트를 크게 短文, 散文, 漢詩로 범주화했다. 텍스트 통합을 예로 들면, 내용과 주 제 이해하기의 경우, 단문, 산문, 그리고 한시를 다차시 층위에서 각각 분리해서 지도하는 것이 아니라, 주제 및 목표 중심 대단원 구성 방식에서 이들 텍스트를 통합해서 설계하는 것이 가능하다. 短文에서 내용과 주제를 파악하는 原理를 익 힌 뒤, 散文에서 이를 적용, 발전시키고 漢詩를 통해 주제 이해하기를 심화, 확대 시키는 것을 고려할 수 있다. 주제 및 소재 차원의 통합은 대단원 구성 방식과 연 계하여 통합을 설계할 수 있다. 후속 과제와 관련하여, 한문과 통합은 위에서 제시한 영역, 내용, 기능, 그리고 텍스트의 통합 이외에 지식, 기능, 태도의 통합, 개별 전략이나 기법의 통합, 낮은 수준의 기능과 고등 수준의 기능 사이의 통합도 가능하고 필요하다.

Recently Korean enterprises that branch out into China have been continuously increased to achieve diverse objectives such as personnel expenses reduction, market share extension on China and globalization strategy implementation. We have studied about competitiveness reinforcement of enterprises that branch out into China in terms of TPM(Total Production Management). In this paper, we extended the concept of traditional TPM(Total Productive Maintenance) to TPM(Total Production Management) that covers extensively the concept of total management innovation activities. We explored detailed activities of TPM and voluntarily participative field research circle. Also, We suggested some prerequisite conditions for TPM settlement that might be recommended for the foreign companies in China and checked Key Performance Indicator(KPI) that could be useful to confirm how TPM contributed to enterprise competitiveness reinforcement.

This paper aims to examine the differential degree of the task difficulty presented in high school English activity books. To achive the aim, the researchers analyzed tasks for three levels(high, intermediate, and low) in five English activity books currently published based on the revised 7th National Curriculum for high school freshmen. The criteria utilized for grading task difficulty are modified from Ellis(2003a, 2003b) which were developed to account for task complexity in terms of input, conditions, processes and outcomes. The results revealed that in general, the tasks of the activity books were organized in the sequential order of difficulty from low, imtermediate to high proficiency, but the difference of task difficulty across the three proficiency levels was not significant. It was also discovered that among three main factors determining task difficulty, task condition, task process, and task outcomes, task process and required task outcomes were more frequently adopted to di fferentiate the task difficulty level. In addition, there was lack of communicative tasks integrating four language skills (listening, speaking, reading, and writing) in all the five activity books. Further study suggesiotns and limitations are followed.

최근 새롭게 등장하고 있는 구성주의 학습이론들은 기존의 전통적인 학습이론이 제공하지 못하는, 차별화된 학습자 중심 학습을 위한 교수설계적 시사점을 제공하고 있다. 따라서 이러한 구성주의 학습이론들은 현재 정보화 사회의 테크놀로지를 기반으로 하는 학습자 중심 학습에 적절하고 효과적인 실천적 방안을 제시할 수 있다. 특히, 학습자 주도적인 테크놀로지의 활용과 학습자의 자발적 참여를 위한 오락적 요소가 충분히 반영된 환경으로서 교육용 게임은 게임세대라 할 수 있는 지금의 학습 세대에게 적합한 학습자 중심 학습 환경이다. 따라서 교육용 게임의 설계를 위한 관점으로 구성주의적 학습 이론의 특성을 고찰하면서 설계 원리에 대한 시사점을 도출하는 연구가 필요하다. 본 연구는 구성주의 학습이론으로서 최근 부각되고 있는 활동이론, 분산인지, 생태심리학의 관점에서 이론적 배경이자 실천적 방안으로 교육용 게임의 설계 원리에 대한 시사점을 도출하고자 한다. 이것은 향후 학습자 중심 학습을 위한 상황별, 유형별 교육용 게임의 설계 원리를 구체적으로 탐색하는 데에 이론적 기반 및 논의점이 될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

본 연구는 수업의 3가지 맥락(자료, 과제, 역할)에서 학습자의 특성과 그룹의 상호작용에 따른 그룹과 개인의 반성적 탐구는 어떤 차이가 있는지를 알아보고 이를 통해 효율적인 반성적 탐구활동을 위한 소그룹 구성과 교사의 지도에 시사점을 얻고자 하였다. 이를 위해 고등학교 1학년 1개 학급을 선정해서 반성적 탐구활동수업을 실시하고 수업을 녹화 전사해서 언어행동분석틀과 수업상황의 3가지 맥락으로 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과로부터 학생개인과 그룹의 반성적 탐구는 학생들의 개별특성 그 자체보다는 다튼 학생과 학급에서 어떤 관계를 가지느냐에 더 영향을 받는다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

This study examined the relationships between participating in sports activities and learning attitude of elementary school students, showed the value and the role of participating in sports activities. There were two factors defining participating in spo

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a university English conversation program which had employed on-line homework and outside-class interviews with native English instructors. After over 1,200 sophomores took the conversation course for a semester, questionnaires were administered to measure the students' satisfaction for the program and their perceived usefulness and effectiveness of the in- and outside-class activities. The results showed: first, students perceived the in-class lessons and outside-class interviews with the native English instructors as useful, but not the on-line conversation practice; secondly, the students' perceived usefulness, affective effects, and content evaluation of each activity were shown to have significant effects on their perceived effectiveness of the outside-class activities. Lastly, significant differences were not found by the different groups of proficiency level in their perceptions of the usefulness, affective effects, and content evaluation of the outside-class activities. However, different proficient groups showed different amount of study efforts and preference for activities.

This interview study aims at exploring how two Korean college graduates strive autonomously to manage their English world before, during and after college-graduation. The participants were two very autonomous students out of 34 students the researcher met at a 15-week autonomy-based English Speaking/Writing class at a college in 2003. Two major findings emerged from the interview data collected in April 2005: (1) B"s initial interest in English came from teachers" urgings to get good test scores, but his visit to America and Australia made him more interested in learning communicative English; (2) S"s interest in non-Korean people and countries, inspired by her first English teacher, made her go abroad and practice English very actively in and beyond Korea. The findings shed light on a critical issue concerning the application of the learner autonomy theory with Korean students who learn English in Korean educational contexts: the limit and effectiveness of classroom-English-learning. Pedagogical implications of the findings are added at the end.

The purpose of this study was to apply new sporting events, which could be intriguing for school children and boost their class participation, into P.E. instruction in an effort to further their attitude, interest and basic physical fitness. The subjects

This study aims to investigate how some Korean primary school students practiced autonomous English-learning while they exchanged email letters with foreign friends for 20 weeks. In order to achieve triangulation of the study, the following data resources were used: email letters exchanged and uploaded at an Internet cafe, a survey implemented in April and July as an autonomy measuring instrument, the informants’ comments on keypal activities written in July, two times of individual interviews and the researcher’s observation report. One major finding emerged from the data is that there were four types of autonomy development. Some implications drawn from the study findings are added for future keypal-based English-learning autonomy development programs.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of using and authoring web-based vocabulary learning tasks on Korean EFL learners' vocabulary acquisition. The subjects of the study were seventy-seven EFL college students in Korea. They were divided into three groups: a traditional control group, and two experimental groups using and authoring the web-based vocabulary tasks, respectively. The major results of the study were as follows: first, the two experimental groups performed significantly better on the vocabulary recognition and use posttest than the control group did. This result indicates that both the use of the web-based tasks and the participation of students in authoring the web-based tasks are more effective in vocabulary acquisition than the use of traditional vocabulary learning methods. Second, both the experimental groups performed significantly better on the delayed posttest than the control group did. This result provides evidence that using and authoring web-based vocabulary tasks are effective in helping students retain newly acquired words in the long-term memory. Third, the learners' responses of the two experimental groups prove to be positive with respect to the use of the web-based task authoring tools in vocabulary learning. Based on these results, some pedagogical suggestions should be made on the effective use of the web-based task authoring tools in Korean English classroom settings.

The present study investigates the effects of teaching activity-based integrative reading and writing on the amelioration of written language in the elementary school classroom. This study was conducted during the first semester in 2003. The subjects were 160, 6th year elementary school students. They were divided into two groups, control and experimental. Both the control group and the experimental group were composed of 80 students each. Each group was divided into three levels: high, intermediate, and low, on the basis of a diagnostic evaluation. All the subjects of the experimental group were integratively taught reading and writing of the English alphabet, words, phrases, sentences, and context, according to their level. All the subjects of the control group were discretely taught reading and writing according to their curriculum and level. They were also given a questionnaire of affective and psychomotor domains. Statistical analyses were performed to determine: (a) the difference of the control and experimental groups, (b) the difference between the control and experimental groups, (c) the difference of their level (high, intermediate, and low) of the control and experimental groups on reading and writing in the pre- and post- achievement tests, and (d) the difference of the level of the control and experimental groups on the affective and psychomotor domains such as interest, self-confidence, understanding, participation, and motivation of reading and writing in the pre- and post- achievement tests. The results of this study reveal that significantly higher scores on the written language were obtained in the experimental group. The difference between the control group and the experimental group was not significant at the beginning of the term. However, the difference was significant at the end of the term. It was also found that in the experimental group, interest was improved at the intermediate level. Self-confidence and understanding were improved at the intermediate and low levels, and participation was improved at the low level. It is recommended that researchers and teachers develop integrative materials of reading and writing more widely according to the level.