This study focused on researching the factors affecting retail banking efficiency of Vietcombank branches in the Mekong-Delta region. By collecting data from financial statements from 15 branches of VCB in the Mekong-Delta Region between 2015 and 2018, the paper applies DEA estimation to measure the effectiveness of retail banking activities and uses the Tobit regression model to identify factors affecting retail banking efficiency. The results demonstrate that the retail banking efficiency of branches averaged 52.5% during the period. The rating result shows the branches in An Giang, Can Tho, Dong Thap, Kien Giang, Long An, Phu Quoc and Tra Noc rank at the top technical efficiency. In group of medium efficiency, there are branches in Soc Trang, Tien Giang and Vinh Long. In the category of the poor efficiency are the branches in Bac Lieu, Ben Tre, Ca Mau, Chau Doc and Tra Vinh. The results also show that bank scale-related factors, capital adequacy, credit quality, time specific and region impact significantly the retail banking efficiency. The research not, only contributes to enriching the empirical research method but also is significant for the management activities in business developing strategies, improving the operational efficiency of Vietcombank in the region.

This paper examines the factors that drive temporal income diversification in rural areas of the Mekong River Delta in Vietnam, based on a framework that conceptualized diversification as a function of a household’s capacity to diversify and incentives (both push and pull factors) to diversify. Drawing from five rounds of the Vietnam Living Standard Measurement Surveys covering a 13-year span (1993-2006), two panel datasets made from five cross-sectional samples are used for the analyses. The data are drawn from the Vietnam General Statistics Office. Both tobit model and Ordinary Least Squares model with random and fixed effects are applied. The main points emerging from the analysis is that income diversification is strongly influenced by household labor capacity. The relationship between household labor capacity and increasing insertion in non-farming wage activities is not driven by unobserved time-invariant factors such as household ability and motivation, but is instead driven by the higher labor capacity of households. In terms of the other household capacity variables, the effect of farm size is much larger in terms of retaining households in traditional occupations as compared to pushing them towards non-farm wage employment. Other variables such as household access to financial capital do not play an important role.

This study aims to measure the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and affective commitment (ACO), normative commitment (NCO), and organizational performance in food processing enterprises (FPEs) in the Mekong River Delta, Vietnam. To test the initial model proposed in this paper, a total of 422 owners, directors and managers of FPEs were interviewed from some provinces in the Mekong River Delta. The method of exploratory factor analysis (EFA) is initially employed, then confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structure equation modelling (SEM) are used. The results of SEM showed that higher affective commitment was correlated with normative commitment. The results showed that four aspects of CSR toward employees, customers, environment and legal are significant factors. As a result, ACO and NCO act as mediators between CSR and organizational performance. This finding provides strong evidence of the important role of CSR to support positive impacts on ACO, NCO, and orgazational performance (OP). In addition, the success of the organizational performance is also found by contributions of CSR and NCO to its changes. Although ACO does not directly affect performance, it has a positive effect on the NCO. Therefore, it is necessary to enhance the implementation of CSR to promote implementation of organizational commitments.

This paper analyzes delta-Vs to maintain an extremely low altitude on the Moon and investigates the possibilities of performing a CubeSat mission. To formulate the station-keeping (SK) problem at an extremely low altitude, current work has utilized real-flight performance proven software, the Systems Tool Kit Astrogator by Analytical Graphics Inc. With a high-fidelity force model, properties of SK maneuver delta-Vs to maintain an extremely low altitude are successfully derived with respect to different sets of reference orbits; of different altitudes as well as deadband limits. The effect of the degree and order selection of lunar gravitational harmonics on the overall SK maneuver strategy is also analyzed. Based on the derived SK maneuver delta-V costs, the possibilities of performing a CubeSat mission are analyzed with the expected mission lifetime by applying the current flight-proven miniaturized propulsion system performances. Moreover, the lunar surface coverage as well as the orbital characteristics of a candidate reference orbit are discussed. As a result, it is concluded that an approximately 15-kg class CubeSat could maintain an orbit (30–50 km reference altitude having ±10 km deadband limits) around the Moon for 1–6 months and provide almost full coverage of the lunar surface.

The purpose of this study is to discover the interaction between credit growth and operational self-sustainability and to examine factors that affect credit growth and operational self-sustainability of people's credit funds (PCFs). Credit growth and operational self-sustainability are factors affecting the operations and the goals of people's credit funds (PCFs) in the Mekong Delta region of Vietnam. After regression analysis on a set of panel data from 2013 to 2018 of 24 PCFs, it appears that deposit growth and loan-to-deposit ratio have positive relationships with credit growth, while capital adequacy ratio and operational self-sustainability have negative relationships with credit growth of PCFs; capital adequacy ratio, deposit growth and income have positive relationships with operational self-sustainability, while credit growth and non-performing loan ratio have negative relationships with the operational self-sustainability of PCFs. At the same time, credit growth and operational self-sustainability have a relationship to interact with each other in a contrary trend. The results of this research are accurate according to the characteristics and development history of PCFs in the Mekong Delta region of Vietnam from 2013-2018. This study helps researchers and managers to understand the key determinants for better management of PCFs.

Purpose - In order to improve the comprehensive competitiveness of cultural tourism creative industries in the region, different grade cities should adapt to local conditions and differentiated development as the angle. It can promote the optimization of regional tourism industry structure, and make relevant suggestions accordingly. Research design, data, and methodology - Based on the characteristics of cultural tourism creative industry, 24 indicators are selected from four aspects. The comprehensive competitiveness evaluation index system of cultural tourism creative industry is constructed. The essay use factor analysis to quantitatively evaluate 27 cities in the Pan-Yangtze River Delta, and use cluster analysis to classify the competitiveness of cultural tourism creative industries in each city into five types. Results - The results of cluster analysis show that the whole area presents five kinds of step-like features, which are mature leading type, the advantageous development type, comparatively advantageous type, well-grounded type and difference-promotion type. Conclusions - The factor analysis method was used to quantitatively evaluate 27 cities in the Pan-Yangtze River Delta, and cluster analysis was used to classify the cultural tourism creative industry competitiveness of each city into fives type city. Based on the differentiation of cultural tourism creative industry competitiveness and 27 cities in the Pan-Yangtze River Delta, the relevant strategies were proposed.

기존 기후변화 영향평가에서 발생하는 불확실성에 대한 연구들은 전체과정에서 총 불확실성과 그 전파에 대한 것보다 각 단계별 불확실성에 초점을 맞추어 연구가 진행되었다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 first-order Taylor series expansion에 기반하여 전망의 분산을 이용하는 Uncertainty Delta Method (UDM)를 제안하였으며, 이 방법은 각 단계별 불확실성 정량화와 증감정도, 단계별 불확실성 비율, 총 불확실성의 전파 과정 제시가 가능 하다. 본 연구에서는 기후변화 영향평가 과정의 단계별 불확실성 정량화와 전파과정 분석을 위해 미래 2030년부터 2059년까지를 대상으로 2개 배출 시나리오, 3개 GCM, 2개 상세화기법, 2개 수문모형을 사용하였다. 결과를 분석하면, UDM을 이용한 총 불확실성은 5.45(배출시나리오: 4.45, 상세화기법: 0.45, 상세화기법: 0.27, 수문모형: 0.28)이며, 배출 시나리오의 불확실성(4.45)이 가장 크게 나타났다. 불확실성은 각 단계를 거칠수록 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 어떠한 배출시나리오를 선정하느냐에 따라 미래 수자원전망이 매우 달라질 수 있음을 의미한다. 다음으로 Hawkins and Sutton (2009)가 제안한 Fractional Uncertainty Method (FUM)을 이용한 기후변화 영향평가 불확실성 분석에서 가장 불확 실성이 큰 요인은 배출 시나리오(FUM 불확실성: 0.52)이며, 이 결과는 UDM 결과와 동일하게 나타났다. 따라서 이 연구에서 제안한 UDM은 기후 변화 영향평가에서의 불확실성 이해와 적합한 분석 및 미래 기후변화 대비 보다 나은 수자원 전망이 가능하도록 기여할 것으로 판단된다.

본 연구에서는 실내실험을 통하여 개량형 공압식 가동보를 대상으로 보의 기립각도를 고려한 유사의 퇴적과 델타의 발달 과정을 파악하였다. 가동보 상류에서 유입되는 유사는 배수의 영향으로 유속이 느려지면서 퇴적이 되고 델타가 형성되며 하류로 이동하였다. 각 실험조건에 대하여 시간에 따른 델타의 이동속도는 델타는 시간이 지나면서 현저하게 감소하고, 보에 접근하였다. 무차원 델타의 높이(hd/h)가 증가할수록 무차원 델타의 이동속도(SD/V0)는 감소하였다. 따라서 델타의 높이(hd)가 증가할수록 수심(h)은 감소하였다. 델타의 유효높이(hw)가 크기 때문에 델타의 체적 (VxD)은 증가하지만 배수(backwater)의 영향을 받아 델타의 이동속도(SD)와 퇴적량은 감소하였다. 수로 경사가 일정할 때, 보의 높이(W)가 클수록 델타체적(VxD)이 증가하고, 델타의 전면부 길이비(hd/△S)는 1에 가깝다. 같은 유량조건인 경우에 가동보의 기립 각도가 가장 클 때, 시간당 델타의 퇴적량(Qs)은 가장 작았다. 따라서 보의 높이(W)가 클수록 델타의 발달을 억제할 수 있는 효과가 크다.

본 연구에서는 실내실험을 통하여 개량형 공압식 가동보를 대상으로 수로경사 변화를 고려한 유사의 수리학적 발달 과정을 분석하였다. 분석결과 보에 의하여 형성된 델타는 시간이 증가함에 따라 하류로 이동하며, 델타높이(hd)는 증가하였다. 또한 보에 도달 할수록 흐름이 약해지면서 델타의 이동속도(SD)는 감소하였다. 무차원 델타 위치(xD/x)가 증가할수록 무차원 델타의 유효높이(hd/hw)와 무차원 저수지 용량(VxD/Vx)이 증가였다. 따라서 동일한 조건에서 수로경사(i)가 완만할수록 델타의 퇴적량(QS)이 감소하게 되며, 델타의 체적(VxD) 발달에 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 통수 초기 델타의 전면경사가 완만하며, 델타가 하류로 이동할수록 델타의 전면경사는 증가하였다. 또한 수로경사(i)가 완만할수록 델타의 전면부 길이 비(hd/△S)는 1에 가까워지고, 무차원 델타의 높이(hd/h)와 무차원 델타의 이동속도(SD/V0)가 감소하였다. 델타의 높이(hd)가 증가할수록 수심(h)은 감소하였으며, 보에 접근하는 유속(V0)과 델타의 이동속도(SD)도 감소하였다.

As an important aspect of vulnerability ,economic vulnerability is a research hot issue in vulnerability and Tourism sustainability research field. On the basis of defining vulnerability, the paper combines vulnerability with the tourism economic system. Taking the Yellow River delta efficient ecological economic zone as an example, the paper establishes an assessment model of tourism economic system vulnerability, and evaluates the tourism economic system vulnerability using the entropy method and the comprehensive evaluation method. Using obstacle degree analyze the main obstacle factors of cities in the paper . The evaluation result is that the Yellow River delta efficient ecological economic zone has a vulnerable tourism economic system, which is almost in line with the actual situation.

Characteristics of delta-V requirements for deploying an impactor from a mother-ship at different orbital altitudes are analyzed in order to prepare for a future lunar CubeSat impactor mission. A mother-ship is assumed to be orbiting the moon with a circular orbit at a 90 deg inclination and having 50, 100, 150, 200 km altitudes. Critical design parameters that are directly related to the success of the impactor mission are also analyzed including deploy directions, CubeSat flight time, impact velocity, and associated impact angles. Based on derived delta-V requirements, required thruster burn time and fuel mass are analyzed by adapting four different miniaturized commercial onboard thrusters currently developed for CubeSat applications. As a result, CubeSat impact trajectories as well as thruster burn characteristics deployed at different orbital altitudes are found to satisfy the mission objectives. It is concluded that thrust burn time should considered as the more critical design parameter than the required fuel mass when deducing the onboard propulsion system requirements. Results provided through this work will be helpful in further detailed system definition and design activities for future lunar missions with a CubeSat-based payload.

Due to rapid growth of economy in the world, which results into shipping goods flow one place to another in large volumes, the competition becoming more intense among ports. Shanghai port and Ningbo-Zhoushan port are the two most important ports in the Yangtze River Delta and have the same economic hinterland, inevitably there is a heated competition between the two ports. This paper using the approach of SWOT to analyze the issue of competition and cooperation between the two ports, and then makes an analysis of their Co-opetition strategies by employing the analyzing methods based on the Game theory. Finally, it puts forward some strategies to enhance the cooperation between the two ports.

To prepare for a future Korean lunar orbiter mission, semi-optimal lunar capture orbits using finite thrust are designed and analyzed. Finite burn delta-V losses during lunar capture sequence are also analyzed by comparing those with values derived with impulsive thrusts in previous research. To design a hypothetical lunar capture sequence, two different intermediate capture orbits having orbital periods of about 12 hours and 3.5 hours are assumed, and final mission operation orbit around the Moon is assumed to be 100 km altitude with 90 degree of inclination. For the performance of the on-board thruster, three different performances (150 N with Isp of 200 seconds, 300 N with Isp of 250 seconds, 450 N with Isp of 300 seconds) are assumed, to provide a broad range of estimates of delta-V losses. As expected, it is found that the finite burn-arc sweeps almost symmetric orbital portions with respect to the perilune vector to minimize the delta-Vs required to achieve the final orbit. In addition, a difference of up to about 2% delta-V can occur during the lunar capture sequences with the use of assumed engine configurations, compared to scenarios with impulsive thrust. However, these delta-V losses will differ for every assumed lunar explorer's on-board thrust capability. Therefore, at the early stage of mission planning, careful consideration must be made while estimating mission budgets, particularly if the preliminary mission studies were assumed using impulsive thrust. The results provided in this paper are expected to lead to further progress in the design field of Korea’s lunar orbiter mission, particularly the lunar capture sequences using finite thrust.

For providing basic data on estuary conservation and pattern of vegetation succession of sand bar, the flora of delta was investigated from March 2004 to August 2006 in the Nakdong River estuary of Korea. The flora in the eight surveyed areas was composed of total 159 taxa that belonged to 46 families, 123 genera, 133 species, 1 subspecies, 20 varieties, and 5 forms. Among them, naturalized plants and evergreen broad trees were 31 taxa and 5 taxa, respectively. The communities of main species at delta of estuary were composed of 16 species such as Rosa rugusa community, Scirpus triqueter community, Phragmites communis community, Carex kobomugi community, Digitaria ciliaris community. Especially, Rosa rugusa community which are important to establish the southern limit line of distribution as the northern factor was distributed through Jinwoodo. The succession of main vegetation community in the new delta (Doyodeung) was in order of Carex scabrifolia, Scirpus triqueter, Phragmites communis, Imperata cylindrica var. koenigii and Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens. Therefore, the succession order of the surveyed area seems to predict the pattern of the vegetation succession of another deltas in Nakdong River estuary.

Soil samples were collected from new-developed wetland soil ecosystem of Tamarix chinesis plantation in Chinese Yellow River Delta in different months of 2003. Soil characteristics, temporal change and spatial distribution of microbial community composition and their relationship with nitrogen turnover and circling were investigated in order to analyze and characterize the role of microbial diversity and functioning in the specific soil ecosystem. The result showed that the total population of microbial community in the studied soil was considerably low, compared with common natural ecosystem. The amount of microorganism followed as the order: bacteria> actinomycetes>fungi. Amount of actinomycetes were higher by far than that of fungi. Microbial population remarkably varied in different months. Microbial population of three species in top horizon was corrected to that in deep horizon. Obvious rhizosphere effect was observed and microbial population was significantly higher in rhizosphere than other soils due to vegetation growth, root exudation, and cumulative dead fine roots. Our results demonstrate that microbial diversity is low, while is dominated by specific community in the wetland ecosystem of Tamarix chinesi.

The Yellow River began ceasing affected by natural factors and the unreasonable human activities. The flow broke in the Yellow River and water and sediment flowing into the sea decreased, which lowered the speed of newly formed wetland extending to the sea. The water environment deteriorated; Its composing structure tended to be unsteady; The biologic diversity decreased and wetland function reduced. To ensure that the Yellow River delta and its ecosystem develops sustainablly, it is significant to reduce times and days of the ceasing, keep certain runoff and sediments in the river to the sea and make its watercourse stable.