This study examined processing of L2 English relative clauses by testing the Filler-Gap Hypothesis (Hawkins, 1999; O"Grady 1997). For that goal, we partially replicated Diessel and Tomasello (2004), who examined L1 acquisition of relative clauses by English-and German-speaking children. The Filler-Gap Hypothesis states that the structural distance between head and gap determines the processing difficulty pertained within relative clauses. Taking this hypothesis as a theoretical starting-point, we used an elicited imitation task to tap 48 L2 learners" knowledge of English relative clauses. The results of the study demonstrated that subject relatives retained greater accuracy scores than object relatives, which in turn retained greater accuracy scores than indirect object and oblique relatives. These results were largely consistent with the predictions made by the FGH, but only partially consistent with Diessel and Tomasello"s L1 data.

The purpose of this study was to examine the interfacial reaction between diamond grits and Ni-based, Ag-based, brazing filler metal, respectively. The morphology of the interface between diamond grits and Ni-based, filler metal exhibited a very good condition after this heat treatment. Cr-carbide and Ni-rich compounds were detected by XRD analysis in the vicinity of the interface between diamond grits and Ni-based, filler metal after vacuum induction brazing. Chromium carbide is considered to play an important role in the high bonding strength achieved between diamonds grits and the brazing alloy.

The present study has shown that the effect of boron and phosphorus in Ni-Cr-Si-X alloy to interfacial reactions and bonding strength of diamond-steel substrate, and the influence of various construction parameters on the formation of the topography of the tool. And these factors are required to making a good brazed tool. The microstructures and phase change of the brazed region were analyzed into SEM, EDS. According to the electron probe microanalysis, while brazing, the chromium present in the brazing alloy segregated preferentially to the surface of the diamond to form a chromium rich reaction product, which was readily wetted by the alloy.

본 연구는 판유리 등의 생산 기초 원료인 소다회 (Na2CO3) 생산 과정에서 발생되는 산업 부산물인 부산석회를 아스팔트 혼합물의 채움재로서 재활용 가능성을 검토하여 부산석회의 실질적인 활용 방안을 제시하고자 한다. 이를 위하여 부산석회를 기존의 석회석분 채움재에서 중량 대비 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%로 대체하여 제조한 아스팔트 혼합물에 대해 간접인장강도 시험, 회복탄성계수 시험, 수분 민감성 시험, 반복하중 간접인장 시험, 휠트래킹 시험을 실시하여 부산석회의 채움재 활용 가능성을 파악하였다. 또한 기존 석회석분 채움재를 사용한 아스팔트 혼합물과 소석회 (Hydrated Lime)를 사용한 아스팔트 혼합물의 공학적 특성을 비교 분석하여 부산석회를 재활용한 아스팔트 혼합물의 성능 증진 효과를 평가하고 본 기술의 실용화 가능성을 판단하였다.

The application concept of using a fail safety filter on the filtering system is to prevent the particle leakage when the main filter element is broken at high temperature. In this study, the metal filters were fabricated by pressureless sintering method. The mixture of stainless steel powders and filler metal binder solved in the water solutions of 5% PVA was compacted to form the cylindrical filter without pressure. The compacted filter were sintered in the vacuum sintering furnace at 120 for 1 hour. The metal filter(produced with powder of 640-840 size) having more than above 50% porosity, 500 pore size, and permeability of 7.310m plugged within 2.5 minute to prevent the leakage of maximum slip particle size of less than 3.

The epoxy resin materials used in outdoor high voltage equipments are required to have the high electric performance because of the miniaturization. The frequence dependence of the permittivity and the loss tangent have important information. In this paper we describe the frequency dependence of the permittivity and the loss tangent for epoxy resin filled with silica and the influence of filler shapes on the dielectric properties. The increment of tan δ in the low frequency region is caused by the increment of both the electrical conductivity and the polarization due to the shape of filler and the water absorbed in and near the interface between fillers and resins. The result of charge current and discharge measure, electric conduction is increased according to voltage.

The effect of electrochemical surface treatments in KOH chemical solution on microstructures of carbon blacks was investigated in terms of surface functional values and XRD measurements. And their mechanical interfacial properties of the carbon blacks/rubber composites were studied by the composite tearing energy (GIIIC). It was found that the development of basic-surface functional groups lead to the significant physical changes of carbon blacks, such as, decrease of the interlayer spacing (d002), increase of the crystalline size along c-axis (Lc), and increase of degree of crystalline (χc). This treatment is possibly suitable for carbon blacks to be incorporated in a hydrocarbon rubber matrix, resulting in improving the hardness and tearing energy of the resulting composites.

비전도성 충진재를 포함한 개선된 이방성 전도 접착제의 열적/기계적 특성과 이를 이용한 유기 기판용 플립 칩의 신뢰성에 미치는 충진재 양의 영향을 고찰하였다. 비전도성 충진재 양이 다른 개선된 이방성 접착제의 특성을 살펴보기 위해 differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), thermo-gravimetric analyzer (TGA), dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA), thermo-mechanical analyzer (TMA)을 사용하였다. 비전도성 충진재의 양이 증가함에 따라 열팽창계수는 감소하였고, 상온에서의 storage modulus는 증가하였다. 추가로, 충진재의 양이 증가하면 DSC에 의한 유리전이온도와 TMA에 의한 유리전이온도도 증가하였다. 그러나 TGA 거동은 거의 변화가 없었다. 이방성 전도 접착제를 사용한 유기 기판 플립 칩의 신뢰성 테스트를 위해 열주기 시험, 고온고습 시험, 고온건조 시험을 수행하였는데, 주로 열주기 시험에서 이방서 전도 접착제의 열팽창계수의 영향이 컸다. 비전도성 충진재를 포함해서 낮은 열팽창계수와 높은 storage modulus를 갖는 이방성 전도 접착제에 의해 부착된 플립 칩의 신뢰성이 비전도성 충진재를 포함하지 않은 이방성 전도 접착제에 의한 플립 칩의 신뢰성보다 더 좋게 나타났다.

The formation, microstructure and properties of novel ceramic composite materials manufactured by active-filler-controlled polymer pyrolysis were investigated. In the presence of active filler particles such as transition metals, bulk components of various geometry could be fabricated from siliconorganic polymer. Molybdenum- and tungsten-filled polymer suspensions were prepared and their conversion to ceramic composites by annealing in atmosphere were studied. Dimensional change. porosity and phase distribution (filler network) were analyzed and correlated to the resulting hardness values. Molybdenum and tungsten as active filler were carburized completely to , and WC in atmosphere. Consequently, microcrystalline composites with the filler reaction products embedded in a silicon oxycarbide glass matrix were formed. Hardness was increased with increasing carburization and reached 8.6-9.5 GPa in the specimen pyrolyzed in atmosphere.

Cu-brazed layer between the sintered-cam(Fe-5Cr-lMo-0.5P-2.5C, wt%) and seamless steelpipe(0.25-0.35C, 0.3-1.0 Mn, bal Fe, wt%) in the camshaft shows a columnar structure of -phase growing from the steel pipe. Liquid phase sintered 60Fe-40Cu alloys are carburized to simulate the brazing process giving rise to the columnar growth. Liquid film migrations and columnar growth of -grains are observed in the carburized regions. The -grains grow in the same direction as the C-diffusion. Fe-solubility in the liquid of carburized region is higher than in the uncarburized by about 0.3 at%. The columnar growth is driven by the gradient of the supersaturated Fe-solute in the liquid between two adjacent -grains.

국내 필러 시장은 2009년 189억 원에서 2014년 1,000억 원으로 연평균 약40% 성장한 것으로 예상된다. 최근 5년간 국내 필러 시장은 압도적인 성장세를 보여주고 있다. 구조적 성장 요인 이외에도 국내 시장의 고유한 특징이 있기 때문이다. 첫째 세계에서 가장 높은 인구당 피부 및 성형외과 의사 수, 둘째 유명 배우들을 통한 직접적인광고 전략으로 요약된다. 젊음과 아름다운 외모를 추구하는 트렌드가 지속되고 ‘쁘띠 성형’이라고 알려진 안면미용 시술에 대한 수요는 외모에 대한 관심 증가 및 안티에이징 시장 성장을 기반으로 폭발적으로 증가하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 첫째 더말 필러 브랜드 패키지디자인의 시각적 요소를 비교 분석하고 둘째 FGI와 심층인터뷰를 통해서 시각적 요소를 통한 선호도와 구매 영향 흐름을 파악하여 패키지디자인의 방향성을 제시한다. 그 결과 각 기업들의 패키지디자인에서의 차별성이 크지 않다는 것을 알 수 있었고 복잡하고 화려한 그래픽디자인 보다는 제품의 브랜드 로고 중심의 레이아웃을 선호하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 더말 필러 패키지디자인은 브랜드 이미지와 부합되는 디자인으로 지속적으로 나아가야하며 브랜드 컬러를 통한 브랜드, 제품별 특징을 더해주고 꾸준히 개발되어야 한다. 본 연구를 통해 도출한 브랜드 패키지디자인의 시각적 요소를 고려하여 추후 더말 필러 패키지디자인 개발 시 자사 브랜드 제품에 대한 구매를 유도할 수 있는 기초적 자료로 활용이 가능할 것이다.

This paper presents basic study and data about anti-stripping functional filler of asphalt concrete utilizing by-product from limestone mine and other relevant industries. Especially ash from fluidized bed heat exchanger is considered as main material for the development of premixed asphalt filler which has good anti-stripping function. Ash from fluidized bed heat exchanger is able to contain calcium hydroxide and anhydrite by hydrating F-CaO, and this could be eco-friendly and anti-stripping functional asphalt filler utilizing by-product from mine and other industry through proper production process and mix with other powders of mine waste rock. Additionally this may have considerable price competitiveness compared to using existing liquid and powder anti-stripping agent.