The purpose of this study is to show how Korean English learners develop a critical lens to analyze graphic novels without much reflection. English as a second language studies have showed the effectiveness of using graphic novels. However, not much research has addressed teaching a critical approach to English reading at the elementary levels in English as a foreign language setting. This study describes how nine elementary school students were engaged in critical literacy practices when they read graphic novels. Their interactions during a 14-week literacy engagement with the researchers were transcribed and analyzed. Students were able to challenge the dominant ideology of the texts, sharing examples that did not fit with the beliefs presented and that represent missing perspectives. These were common reading practices that they engaged in as a means of confronting the dominant cultural representations. Some interactions demonstrated that students suggested alternative worldviews to interpret the texts, so that more democratic and broader considerations of multiple perspectives were represented. This critical literacy activity related to their empathetic connections to cultural minorities.

This study compares the phonics instruction with the whole language approach to literacy instruction in elementary English education and investigates the effects of the two approaches on literacy skills and affective factors. The experiment was conducted over eight weeks by sampling 56 fifth-graders at an elementary school in Seoul. The control group was given phonics instruction using English stories, whereas the experimental group was given the whole language approach using the same English stories. The instruments included pre- and post-reading and writing English tests and pre- and post-questionnaires. The analyses showed that the whole language approach had more positive effect than phonics instruction on improving learners’ English reading and writing ability. Furthermore, the whole language approach showed a positive change in the affective domain of interest, self-learning attitude and recognition, whereas two sectors of self-confidence and learning motivation did not show statistically significant difference compared to the control group. These results suggest that the whole language approach is more efficient than phonics instruction in developing learners’ literacy in elementary English education.

Based on dual coding theory, this study predicted that pictorial typography (PT), a device involving direct visual integration of a written word into a picture of its referent, is more effective for ESL children’s pre-literacy skills, than the non-integrated paring of word and picture on flashcards (FC). The two types of instruction were given to thirty-two Korean children aged six and seven, both embedded within the WordWorld (WW) episodes, an animated TV series developed by PBS. Results from the pre- and post-test design were as follows. PT was more beneficial than FC for the two upperlevel skills, vocabulary and reading fluency, while they were equally beneficial for the two lower-level skills, letter recognition and phonemic awareness. The two mediating variables, gender and age, were shown to have partial effects as well. Dual coding theory and the importance of instructional intervention have been supported by this study.

With globalization, observation was made for the need to challenge cultural homogeneity and to diversify readers’ interpretations, defining this as critical literacy. There was a lack of research on engaging the dominant in developing critical minds. This study investigated reading practices of students from privileged background when they were asked to critique what was hegemonic in a globalized society. Three Korean students were from upper-middle class backgrounds and were successful academic achievers. A qualitative research design guided the data analysis of students’ emerging patterns in reading practices. Readers took complicated paths: students were explicit in current beliefs about poverty, were critical about those naturalized view, and were bought into the dominant belief system. The reading practices that re-visit readers’ cultural view and consider diverse perspectives were suggested. Hybrid literacy practices, as opposed to having ability to read across spaces or not1 was important. Critical positions emerged when including those missing perspectives.

這個研究歸納了小一識字教學期間對學生的觀察，分析小一學生識字的過程及方法。探討現今的中文科教材在識字教學設計上，能否配合漢字的特性，學習者的心理，並提出改進教學設計的建議。 研究的目的是希望從漢字學習、多種識字教學法、兒童心理學的角度來探討學習成效。研究對象是就讀小學一年級的適齡學生。本人選取了大多數學校常用的中國語文科教科書示例，結合實際教學經驗及例子,供教育人士參考。

This study examined the effects of reading global literature in literature-based instruction on overall L2 literacy ability and intercultural sensitivity development. One hundred twenty-two 5th and 6th grade elementary students and one hundred forty 7th and 8th graders in middle school in Korea participated in this study. Among the 262 participants, 131 students from each grade were assigned to the treatment groups,and remaining 131 participants were in the control groups. The treatment group received 39 sessions of reading global literature in thirteen weeks; the control group did not receive any treatment in this study. The latent mean analysis with the measurement model between literacy ability and intercultural sensitivity across control and treatment groups shows positive effects of reading global literature on L2 learners’ development of literacy ability and intercultural sensitivity. The study results provided support for reading global literature as an effective and powerful instructional method to improve L2 learners’ literacy ability and intercultural sensitivity. The students in the treatment group were more interculturally sensitive and outperformed the control group in L2 literacy achievement. The findings of this study have educational implications for teaching L2 with global literature to enhance L2 learners’ intercultural sensitivity and literacy ability in their L2 learning.

지연반복한자교육법(迴圈識字)은 천진의 초등학교 저학년의 한자교육에서 매 우 중요한 지위를 점하고 있으며, 그 효과 또한 실제적으로 증명된다. 천진에서의 이런 경험은 다른 한자교육법과 비교해 볼 때, 지연반복한자교육법은 아동의 기억 현상과 부합되며, 그 효과 또한 매우 높게 나타난다. 저학년 한자교육은 지연반복 한자교육법이 핵심이 되며, 다른 기타 한자교육법은 부가 되어, 이러한 교육 경험 을 확대시킬 필요가 있다. 이는 집중한자교육의 이념을 구현한 것이나 그 스스로 도 독특한 특징을 가지고 있다.

한자교육과 독해의 결합은 전통적인 중국의 어문 한자교육에서 중시받고 귀감 으로 삼아야 할 귀중한 경험 중 하나이다. 이 경험은 한자의 특성과 규칙과 부합 할 뿐 아니라, 학생들로 하여금 한자의 형음의를 통일하여 연결하여 학습하게 하 는 훌륭한 기초를 마련해 줌으로서 한자교육의 범위를 넓혀 준다. 또 한 측면에서 한자교육의 효과는 언어를 운용하는 범주에까지 나아가 학생들로 하여금 훌륭한 언어 감각을 배양하게 하여 언어 운용의 훌륭한 기초를 쌓도록 하여준다.

识字教育是小学教育中基础的基础，借鉴我国传统识字教学的宝贵经验，遵循汉字的字用、字量、字种、字序的规律，编写《循序诵读识字》教材，采用“读说背认写”五步诵读识字的方法，让适龄儿童入学一年集中识字1600个以上，二年级上学期就轻松地完成了2500 个常用汉字的识字任务，实现了八岁儿童自主阅读。2004 年4 月“育贤小学语文识读写整体教学体系”研究成果由济南市教科所面向全市推广。《循序诵读识字》实验教材已被省内外几十所学校采用。

In elementary education, the fact that writing is moredifficult than literacy has been widely accepted by students and teachers.Writing needs a large number of practices and a certain accumulation inliteracy, which are both key phrases in education. Unfortunately existingeducation programs fail to offer students a good way to improve writing.With the development of information technology, students are able topractise writing everyday and accumulate literacy efficiently. However,problems like teaching laws of writing are still unsolved. In this paperwe propose a solution based on information technology which complies thepedagogical principles in education. Furthermore, we obtain remarkableachievements and valuable feedbacks from several tests and trials in fieldschools. In our future work, we hope to eliminate issues in literacy andwriting like poor quality, overburdern and education inequalities froma technical perspective.

This research is one of the stage results of “Research on the Relevance between China’s Primary School Chinese Teaching Materials and the Development of Students”, a key project of Ministry of Education in 2009, included in the National Education Science "Eleventh Five-Year Plan"( Project approval No. DHA090170). The research mainly includes data statistics and analysis of a literacy diagnostic test survey for primary school entrance students so that it provides a scientific basis for future research on the relevance between the development of students and different editions of curriculum teaching materials of Chinese literacy, such as editions from People's Education Press, Jiangsu Education Press, Beijing Normal University Press, Southwest Normal University Press, Jingshan Press, and for exploring different versions of words, quantities, orders, and ways of verifying the new idea of literacy education “Harmony and Order” that best fit the development of students in different regions.

본 연구의 목적은 글로벌 과학적 소양 함양을 위한 수업이 학생들의 과학의 본성에 대한 관점에 어떤 영향을 주는지 살펴보는 것이다. 연구 참여자는 8학년 65명의 남학생이며, '지구와 별' 단원에 대하여 5주 동안 글로벌 과학적 소양 수업을 실시하였다. 수업 전과 후에 학생들의 과학의 본성에 대한 이해정도를 살펴보았다. 연구 결과 단기간의 글로벌 과학적 소양 함양을 위한 수업으로 학생들의 과학의 본성에 대한 관점을 변화시키는 것은 어려운 과제임을 확인할 수 있었다. 그러나 사회학적 측면에서, 학생들의 과학의 본성에 대한 이해가 철학적, 심리학적, 역사학적 관점에서 보다 상대적으로 향상된 것을 발견할 수 있었다.

This study examines a Korean family who came to the United States with the goal of improving their English language proficiency and skills. This study documents their experiences and stories that occurred in their home life and literacy activities/practices at home and in the community. The methodology of this study is qualitative case study. Data collection took place inside and outside the home over a period of three months during the summer of 2003. Primary collection techniques were ethnographic in nature and included participant observation, interviews, and examination of artifacts. The purpose of the study was to show what types of literacy activities this Korean family practiced at home and in the community and how this Korean family developed their home literacy. They interacted with a literate environment, invented their own literacy, and worked to develop and explore new social and cultural knowledge. This study illustrates the lessons and messages from this Korean family that can be conveyed to schools (including teachers), community, and society in both Korea and United States.

The purpose of this study was to develop a program based on the Earth system based program to help students achieve science literacy. This program was designed to be connected across grade levels, and contents of the program were constructed to have meaningful interdisciplinary context. All the activities in the program were inquiry-based, and understanding of the nature of science was considered essential throughout the program. In addition, appreciation and stewardship for the Earth system were systematically emphasized on any grade level. Design of the program applied U.S. National Science Education Standards for the quality of and conditions for school science programs.

This study was initiated to understand what students know, how they feel, and how they act in the perspectives of environmental literacy. This study takes it a very serious problem that there has been no data about Korean students’status of environmental literacy so far. Based on the correct diagnosis of Korean students’ environmental literacy, environmental education in Korea, including national curriculum, teaching materials and strategy, would take the right way. This study accepts Simmon (1995)’s framework of environmental literacy, consisting of 5 areas, environmental knowledge, skills, affect, and behavior, which is consistent with general goals of environmental education. This study analyzed the relationship between areas in environmental literacy and factors contributing to improving students’ environmental literacy. This study also checked which factors, including age, gender, parents’ schooling, environmental education in schools, and students’ science-related attributes, contributed to improving students’ environmental literacy. The results of this study will help science educators keep in mind how important it is to teach science from the perspectives of environmental literacy.

PISA의 두 번째 주기에 해당되는 PISA 2003에서는 문제해결 영역에 대한 평가가 새로이 도입되었다. PISA 2003 본검사 문제해결 영역에서는 (1) 의사결정, (2) 체제 분석 및 설계, (3) 문제점 해결 등의 세 가지 문제해결 유형에 따라 학생들의 범교과적 문제해결 능력을 평가하였다. 본 논문에서는 PISA 2003 본검사에 포함된 문제해결 영역문항들에 대한 우리나라 학생들의 정답률을 살펴보고, 문제해결 문항들 중 개방형 서술형 문항에 대한 학생들의 답안을 상세하게 분석하였다. 분석 결과에 따르면, 우리나라 학생들은 그림이나 그래프로 표상하는 과제에 취약하며, 긴 문장으로 제시된 지문 해석에서 어려움을 겪은 것으로 보인다. 또한, 우리 나라 학생들에게는 다소 낯선 맥락이나 소재를 활용한 과제의 경우 낮은 정답률을 기록하였다. PISA 2003 문제해결 영역을 분석한 결과가 과학교육에 주는 시사점도 논의하였다.

This study investigates the implementation of a new EFL course, English Practice. This is designed to enhance English reading and writing skills, and increase literary experiences among university students. For this study, literature for young adults and e-mail writing were introduced to change teaching/learning conventions in an EFL setting. The research framework was practitioner research. Data collection consisted of a survey, students’ writing in the classroom, and the instructor’s field notes and journal. Data were analyzed to address the following research question: What happens when university EFL students read and write English for real purposes? Data analysis revealed that: 1) the students viewed literature and e-mail writing as a new experience of language learning, 2) the students showed changes in their learning, and 3) the students’ experiences with the literature went beyond language learning. The author concludes that the unique course program provided students with new ways of developing understanding English as a foreign language and provided opportunities to express individual experiences of the texts they read.

The purpose of this study is to explore high school students' environmental literacy and from its result, to suggest ways to reform environmental education. 1047 students from Seoul and Kyeongki province participated in the survey. The questionnaire consisted of four criteria of environmental literacy including knowledge, skill, attitude and behavior. The result was analyzed and the factors which affect high school students environmental literacy were explored. From this result, we made suggestions to improve environmental education as follows. First, environmental education in school should focus on knowledge criterion. Though school environmental education has been helpful for students to build environmental literacy in attitude and behavior criteria, its effect has not been good enough in knowledge criterion. Second, science education can enhance students' environmental literacy. Students who like science best and students who belong to science major classes were reported to possess better understanding in knowledge criterion. Also, students who like life science appeared to have a more positive attitude in environmental literacy. Third, informal education must be considered to form students' environmental literacy. In particular, the effect of mass media is inarguable. Thus, we should find a way to link formal education and informal education to improve environmental education. Fourth, high school students' interest in the environment must be encouraged since it is evident that higher interest would result in better outcome in environmental education.