The purpose of this study was to develop a new test instrument based on AAAS Benchmarks for Science Literacy, to assess k-12 students' progress in understanding nature of science (NOS). A total of 276 items were developed including 33 items for grade k-2, 36 items for grade 3-5, 78 items for grade 6-8 and 129 items for grade 9-12 and they were reviewed for validity and reliability. Key ideas that were the foundation of test items were extended, sophisticated and enriched according to the grade level. The general score of this test represents a student's cognitive state about an understanding of NOS. The result of this test can be expected to give some useful information for follow-up investigations, improving instructional design, and conducting further studies.

With the wave of digital economy sweeping the world, artificial intelligence, blockchain, cloud computing, 5G, ChatGPT and other information technologies are developing rapidly. All walks of life are undergoing changes, and people’s thinking, cognition, life, study, and work are changing accordingly. Both developed and developing countries are also facing new situations and challenges in politics, economy, science and technology, culture, and education. It can be said that digitalization itself and its impacts are related to the development of the future world and affect every citizen of the earth. Digital literacy and skills derived from digitalization have gradually become the focus of attention from all walks of life. In terms of college students’ digital literacy and digital literacy skills, it mainly refers to the digital ability that college students should have and use in study, employment, and future work under the background of informatization and digitalization. Although digital literacy and digital literacy skills have been paid more and more attention by the international community and schools, there is no unified definition of digital literacy and digital literacy skills by various countries and international organizations, and there are some differences in the use of this concept by countries and regions. From the perspective of enterprises’ demand for digital talents, this paper puts forward some suggestions on the training and improvement of college students’ digital literacy skills.

4차 산업혁명 시대가 오면서 사회가 필요로 하는 인재는 단순히 지식을 많이 암기하는 사람이 아니라 새로운 문제를 찾아내고 다수와의 협업을 통해 이를 창의적이고 효율적으로 해결할 수 있는 사람으로 바뀌고 있다. 이에 더하여 지금은 데이터에 기반하여 의사결정이 이루어지고 이를 통해 사회가 개선되는 빅데이터(Big Data) 사회라 볼 수 있으므로 새로운 인재는 문제 해결과 관련 된 데이터를 수집하고 이해하여 필요한 정보를 분석하는 역량이 필요한 시대가 되었다. 새로운 2015 개정 교육과정에서는 4차 산업혁명 시대에 발맞추어 초‧중‧고(K-12) 학생들에게 소프트웨어에 기반한 문제해결 역량을 키워주기 위하여 소프트웨어 교육을 강화하였다. 하지만 지금의 소 프트웨어 교육은 코딩과 같은 프로그래밍을 중심으로 실시되며 문제를 해결하는 첫 번째 단계인 데이터 리터러시(data literacy)는 중요성이 덜하게 여겨져 왔다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 데이터 리터러시를 활용한 소프트웨어 교육이 중학생의 컴퓨팅 사고력과 창의적 문제해결력에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 본 연구를 위해 데이터 리터러시를 활용한 소프트웨어 수업을 CT-CPS 모형에 기 반하여 설계하고 적용하였다. 본 연구의 검증을 위해 중학교 1학년 학생을 대상으로 통제집단과 실험집단으로 나누고 통제집단에는 데이터 리터러시가 포함되지 않은 수업을 적용하고, 실험집단에는 데이터 리터러시가 포함된 수업을 적용하였다. 실험 결과 데이터 리터러시를 활용한 소프트 웨어 교육이 중학생의 컴퓨팅 사고력과 창의적 문제해결력 향상에 통계적으로 유의미한 효과가 있음을 검증하였다.

This study introduced income mobility analysis using pseudo-longitudinal panel data from Family Income and Expenditure Survey (FIES) to consider the dynamic process of individual’s well-being through time. Since there is no comprehensive measurement of income mobility because of its dynamic process, various income mobility indices such as Chi-square, Average Jump Index, Atkinson et al. Mobility Ratio, and Shorrocks’ Mobility Index were used. These indices revealed that Filipino households’ income movements are more mobile than expected, and their income status improved from 2000 to 2015. As income mobility takes place, income inequality is reduced by 91.80 percent (91.80%). Furthermore, the growth effect is the main factor of income mobility. This indicates that households took the economic opportunities from economic growth to earn more. However, income mobility due to transfer effect (transfer of income from one household to another through lottery winning and borrowing) increased when the economy is not good. The higher income mobility due to growth effect compared to transfer effect, whether the economy is good or bad, means that households learned how to use their income in savings, investments, and entrepreneurship. This is the result of a successful financial literacy program of the government wherein households realized financial stability and security.

This study aims to investigate whether financial attitude links financial literacy to financial capability. To make sound financial decisions, one essentially requires a certain level of financial literacy – knowledge and skill in finance. Even more effective is when one’s financial literacy could be developed into financial capability. The samples comprised 342 individuals from informal labor in the South of Thailand. The stratified multistage sampling technique was utilized to select the respondents, while the interview questionnaires were used to collect the data. By using SmartPLS 3.0, the data analysis included descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling (SEM). The result revealed that the one with the highest debt was Gen Y compared to Gen B and Gen X. Considering financial literacy, financial attitude, and financial capacity across generations, it was found that Gen Y had the highest average score in financial literacy and financial capacity, higher than that of Gen X and Gen B. The impact of financial literacy on financial capability through financial attitude, it was found that the impact on Gen B was higher than that of Gen X and Gen Y. With the right financial attitude, people of all generations would be equipped with a higher level of financial capability.

This research aims to determine the direct and indirect effects of digital literacy, economic literacy, and entrepreneurial skills on the performance of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in garment clusters in the Bulak tourism industry Depok. Carrying out quantitative research with survey methods, data collection is using a questionnaire technique with 90 respondents, via saturation sampling. This research data analysis uses SPSS software version 25.0. Path analysis is used to determine the direct and indirect effects between variables. The results showed digital literacy, economic literacy, and entrepreneurial skills significantly and positively affect the performance of small- and medium-sized enterprises. The main finding in this study is that digital literacy has the greatest influence on the performance of SME entrepreneurs, both directly and indirectly. The results of the study provide input on performance development strategies for SME entrepreneurs through digital literacy, including digital business relationships, online facilities, and networks. The findings are also complementary to the factors shaping the performance of SME entrepreneurs in the digital age. The research results show that digital literacy has the greatest direct and indirect influence on the performance of SME entrepreneurs; this shows the essential contribution of digital literacy in developing business and marketing networks.

This study aims to determine the factors influencing the community behavior in improving competitive rural tourism as well as understanding the role of economic literacy in mediating socio-economic indicators and rural competitive advantage. This research followed an explanatory research to examine the relationship between variables including socio-economic variables and rural tourism competitive advantage. The data was gathered by conducting observations and interviews with tourism businesses, stakeholders, and the local village government, and related agencies as respondents. Furthermore, the data were analyzed following inductive and descriptive statistics. The findings indicated that, from all variables used, solely the environmental impact variable did not affect economic literacy and the competitive advantage of rural tourism. The moderating variables showed that the economic literacy mediates the economic impact on rural tourism competitive advantage. In addition, socio-cultural impacts on rural competitive advantage tourism, and the stakeholder involvement affects rural competitive advantage tourism. However, economic literacy failed in mediating between environmental impacts on rural competitive advantage tourism. This is due to the increasing understanding of the economy of the community around the tourist attractions it will increase the business around the tourist attractions that have an impact on environmental damage around the tourist attractions.

The research examines how interactions of financial literacy and peer effect indicators impact financial market participation of Vietnamese investors. In this research, financial literacy indicator is constructed from two levels, namely, basic financial literacy and advanced financial literacy. An empirical study was carried out by investigating 387 individuals who are currently working in finance-related areas such as banking, insurance and real estate industries. The findings indicate that individuals with higher level of financial literacy, specifically those with advanced financial literacy level, tend to participate in financial market. However, individuals with basic financial literacy level tend to walk away from financial market because the nexus between basic financial literacy and financial market participation is found negative statistically significant. The findings also suggest that peer effect and perceived financial literacy have a positive significant relationship with financial market participation. These findings remain robust after endogenous problem is addressed by employing instrument variable (IV) method, especially Ivprobit regression. Hence, these findings recommend that policy-makers should design and develop financial literacy programs, specifically at sophisticated level, to adapt and overtake the trend in financial innovation development. This should be done, not only on individual, but also national scale to ensure greater financial market participation.

새롭게 개정된 2015 교육과정에서 정보 교과는 중학교에서 필수 교과로 지정되어 학생들의 컴퓨팅 사고력과 협력적 문제 해결력을 개발하도록 장려한다. 이에 따라 많은 연구자들이 관련 연구들을 진행하고 있다. 여러 간행물들, 연구 논문들 및 교사들의 인식을 검토한 결과 컴퓨팅 사고 수업에서 알고리즘 및 코딩에 중점을 두고 있었다. 컴퓨팅 사고는 컴퓨터를 사용하여 문제를 해결 하는데 필수적인 사고 과정이다. 그러나 사고력 활동이 미리 구조화된 문제에 의해 제약받는 측면이 많이 있음을 관찰할 수 있었다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 구조화되지 않은 열린 문제를 제공함으로써 데이터 활용 능력(data literacy)을 강조한 문제해결 수업을 제안하였다. 또한 데이터 활용 능력 강조 수업이 기존의 구조화된 문제를 활용한 수업에 비하여 학습동기와 학업성취도에 통계적으로 유의한 효과가 있음을 검증하였다. 따라서 컴퓨팅 사고 기반의 문제해결 수업에서 미리 구조화된 문제를 프로그래밍 하는데 초점을 맞춘 수업보다 데이터 활용 능력을 증진하는 문제해결 활동을 활용한 수업이 보다 효과적임을 밝힐 수 있었다.

본 연구는 새로운 소통의 도구로서 미디어의 중요성에 주목하며 비판적 미디어 리터러시(Critical media literacy: CML)와 소수자에 대한 국내외 연구 분석을 통해 CML교육을 디지털미디어 시대에 적합한 다문화교육의 한 대안으로 제시하고자 한다. 구체적인 연구 질문은 다음과 같다. 첫째, CML은 무엇이며 학교문해 교육에서 어떠한 의미를 가지는가? 둘째, 한국 다문화교육에서 미디어의 역할과 의미는 무엇인가? 셋째, 한국 다문화교육에서 비판적 CML교육이 가진 잠재력은 어떠한가? 본 논문에서는 먼저 미디어의 분석, 생산, 기술에 각각 중점을 둔 다양한 유형의 미디어 교육 접근법을 소개하고, 학교 안과 밖을 연결하는 미디어의 역할을 강조하면서 CML의 특성과 교수방법을 논의하였다. 그리고 한국사회에서 미디어를 통한 소수자 재현방식의 문제점, 미디어 교육의 비활성화, 미디어 관련 연구의 성과와 방향성의 문제 등을 짚어 보았다. 끝으로, 창조와 변혁의 주체로서 소수자를 재정의하고 CML의 경계 해체적 특징에 주목하며, CML 기반 다문화 교육은 기존 주류 미디어에 재현된 소수자에 대한 담론을 해체할 뿐 아니라 선주민과 이주민 모두의 다문화적 역량을 강화할 수 있음을 강조한다. 향후 CML기반 다문화 교육을 위한 제언과 다양한 후속 연구의 가능성을 제안하며 논문을 끝맺는다.

이 연구는 다문화교육 전공의 <프리덤 라이터스(Freedom Writers)> 영화읽기 수업에서 산 출된 교사 내러티브를 분석한 교사 내러티브 사례 연구이다. 수업에서 산출한 교사 내러티 브를 내러티브 사례 연구 분석법으로 분석한 결과, 다음의 여섯 범주를 도출하였다. 기존 세력의 대변자인 영화 속 부장교사에게서 한국교사의 모습 발견하기, 초임 열정의 Erin Gruwell에게 감동하지만 거리두기, 나의 교육적 고민의 대안으로 Erin Gruwell의 교수법 수용 하기, Erin Gruwell의 삶의 태도를 역할모델로 삼아 교육 실천 자각하기, 학생을 편견 없이 나의 삶의 중심에 두기, 학생들의 변화를 위해 교사의 헌신을 고민하기. 이상의 연구결과로 한국 맥락에서 교사가 다문화교육에 대해 지니는 인식, 지각, 성찰을 드러냄으로써, 한국에 서 교사가 다문화교육 실천가가 되려면 어떤 ‘걸림돌’과 ‘가능성’이 있는지를 이해할 수 있 는 일차 자료를 제공함과 아울러, 영화를 활용한 다문화교육 전공 수업의 한 가지 방식을 제공하고자 하였다.

The study aims at exploring ESL students’ meaningful literacy experience. This study involves 20 ESL students at a middle sized state university in the United States. For the data in this inquiry, the wiring task and student interview data were used and grounded theory was employed to analyze the data. The findings of the study revealed that ESL students perceive the meaningful literacy experience valuable in terms of self-expression, self-discovery, emotional relief, and enhancement of English vocabulary. However, some students considered the writing experience challenging due to the unfamiliar topic, vocabulary, and organization. The study also indicated that students have an opportunity to express diverse emotions in their writing piece. Based on the findings of the study, the impacts of the meaningful experience and pedagogical implication of meaningful literacy instruction in EFL contexts were discussed.