“국군은 국가의 안전보장과 국토방위의 신성한 의무를 수행함을 사명으로 한다.”고 우리헌법 제5조 2항은 명시하고 있다. 그러므로 군에서 발생하는 범죄행위는 곧 인적요소인 전투력을 손실시키게 된다는 것을 의미하게 되므로 군내 범죄예방에 노력하고, 발생된 범죄행위에 대해서는 철저한 수사활동을 통해 해결하여 범죄발생을 억제함과 동시에 낙오된 수용자에 대하여도 보다 적극적이고 합리적인 교정교화 업무를 수행함으로써 무위의 전투력 손실을 방지하는데 중점을 두어야 하겠다. 따라서 현재 진행 중에 있는 군행형법 전부개정안에 관한 검토와 연구는 이러한 측면에서 매우 중요한 의미를 내포하고 있다 할 수 있겠다. 특히 군행형법 개정안은 2005년도부터 사법제도 개혁추진위원회에서 군사법제도 개혁일환으로 추진하여 온 군형법 개정안 등 총7개 법안 중1) 하나로서 그동안 국방부에서는 군사법제도 개혁 건의문을 존중하면서 군의 특수성 보장을 위한 군내외의 다양한 의견수렴 절차를 거쳐 군행형법 개정안을 사법제도 개혁위원회에 제출하였으며 이를 토대로 최종 입법안을 의결(현재 국회계류 중) 하였다고 주장하고 있다. 그러나 군행형법 개정방안 중 일부사항은 다른 군사법 개선방안과 같이 관련부서간의 이해관계로 인해 충분한 논의가 아직도 미흡한 감이 없지 않은 실정으로 군의 특수성과 장병 인권보장이 구현되는 측면에서 개정이 이루어지도록 좀 더 신중하게 접근해 나가는게 바람직하다고 생각한다.

The revised Bill of Prison Act was introduced into National Assembly by government on 26. april 2006. This bill surpasses Korean current Prison Act both in the protection of prisoners' rights and the improvement of correctional treatment. nevertheless with many regrets there are some problems to solve in our bill between guaranteeing prisoners' Fundamental Rights and maintaining order and safety in the penal institution therefore this studies were concentrated on making up for the week points in this bill. focusing on the imprisonment, contact with the outside world of the prisoners (the right to ask an interview with , and to correspond with) and disciplinary punishment in prison in view of the fundamental rights of prisoners. Discussing the inmate rights are frequently seen by the public as un necessary expenses and luxuries but all persons are dignified although they are criminals. therefore Prisoners' fundamental rights should be respected in order to confirmation their human dignify. The following is the suggestions of these studies. 1. Contact with the outside world of the prisoners is guaranteed to the utmost for the purpose of both re-socialization and prisoners' human rights. 2. Prison overcrowding issues should be solved as soon as possible for prisoners' human dignify. 3. Surveillance by cctv to maintain order and safety there must be a great danger to violence the prisoners' privacy rights. so the surveillance of prisoners' cells by cctv must not be permitted. 4. Prohibition of writings, prohibition of mail and visit, prohibition of autdoor exercises does not appropriate for the disciplinary punishments. 5. Solitary confinement in the most critical disciplinary punishments so it should be limited to maximum 30days.

Objectives of this study is to develop suicide preventive correction program adapt to suicide-prone inmate. The suicide-preventive correction program applied to this study is composed of eight time tests because of peculiarity of correctional faculty. At first, regarding recognition card program, five participants in common showed gradually positivity to participate the program, and about 'feeling language', participants who use negative feeling language at first, use positive feeling language after the test. As scrutinizing the output measured from before and after the test, it is clear that melancholy, anxiety, stress, and self-respect of the subjects are improved. Among the subjects, 'vacant boat and non-singing bird' showed psychologic stability. But, It is shown that 'tree' was relatively less affect from the program, and 'pinetree' who arouse our interest from the start, could not be observed because of transportation to another place. As we know from this study, it is clear that in correctional faculty, regarding inmates who has personal problem such as the suicide-prone, group-program is effective, but in certain case individual-program is more appropriate than group-program.

The objectives of this study are to analyze the productivity of prison labor and to derive some implications through comparisons with productivities of small and medium sized enterprise in free market economy in order to improve the quality of prison labor. Fundamentally, the aim of prison labor is the rehabilitation of prisoners, while that of private enterprise is maximizing the profits. Thus, there lie some limitations in comparing the productivity of these two. Goods and services produced by prisoners are in market competing with those by private sectors.However, according to this study, the productivity and the capital investment efficiency of prison labor are very low comparing to the private sectors. Therefore, in order for the prison labor to have a competitive edge, more effort will be required to improve its technology and productivity. Further study will also be needed to devise various programs for improvement of prison labor.

Prison population has heavily increased therefore prison overcrowding is the serious issues and tasks to our correctional authorities. The goal of correction is re-socialization of inmate. Therefore all the conditions are fulfilled in order to achievement this goal of correction and correction development. But under the prison overcrowding the energy of correction administration is given rather than correctional treatment for inmates for the purpose of guaranteeing prison safety of public order. Prisons must be place where decency and human rights are guaranteed for inmates. Prison overcrowding is the infringement upon the fundamental rights of inmates. Therefore these prison overcrowding issues and tasks should be solved as soon as possible. The goal of this study was to research the best and most efficient and rational plan or countermeasures solving prison overcrowding problem in out country namely to the minimization the imprisonment. Finally the critical cause of the prison overcrowding can be found in overcountermeasure by all the criminal justice system and I emphasize that the issues and tasks of overcrowding of korea will be solved when all the criminal justice system namely police, a public prosecutor, judge correction staff treat offenders in view of criminal policy.

The purposes of this study are to analyze economic effect of prison labor on free market economy and to suggest ways for more effective prison labor industry. The impact of prison labor on non-prison labor has been debated over the years. Proponents have touted the social benefits of decreased net cost of prisons, improved behavior in prison, the potential for low recidivism, and rehabilitation through development of work and social skills. Opponents of prison labor from the beginning have pointed out the private costs of lost jobs and lost sales of industries outside the prison. Although it is very difficult to measure and compare quantitatively benefits and costs of prison labor, there is inverse relationship between prison labor and recidivism rates. According to Federal Bureau of Justice, inmates involved in prison labor has better chance to be employed and to receive higher wage. In addition, the revenue from prison work can pay for the costs of housing them in prison and prison labor leads to increased production of goods and services that can help in developing regional economy. In spite of the advantages of prison labor, it is argued that prisoners work is exploitative and it will displace civilian business and labor. These concerns put in place as the size and scope of prison labor expands and motivate legislative efforts in restricting prison labor. To improve quality of prison labor, the Bureau of Prisons needs to allow more private companies to employ prisoners at reasonable wage and to cultivate useful skills. Moreover, the operation body and methods of correctional work program should be reformed and specialized. It is recommended to consider establishment of special organization that concentrates in operating prison labor industry. Finally, it is suggested to benefits of prison labor should be measured and publicized to ensure quality of correctional work program.

This paper introduces the system of England in terms of the accountability of prison. Since the prison riot arose in 1990, England has started the reformation of prison in a human and rational way. In regard to the reformation of prison, this paper examines necessity of the accountability of prison, prison management and policy evaluation method, activity of prison inspectorate for transparency of prison administration, activity and limitation of boards of visitors (independent monitoring board), an appeal of dissatisfaction, the third-party agency, and the system of coroner. I write this paper in the hope that these reformations will be operated in Korea. I also look forward to meeting modernization, legislation and internationalization of prison in Korea.

As a form of a private prison, a religious prison implies to a prison with religious programs arranged by a religious organization and operated based on such programs. We denounced a private prison a great deal repeatedly until its introduction was finalized in 2001, and it was approved in a form of a religious prison. A religious prison was approved under great expectations of securing effectiveness of correction, enhancing efficiency of correction, and assuring and expanding human rights of prisoners based on the spirit of religion originally. However, a possibility of an unfair treatment, infringing human rights of prisoners, losing the authority of a national prison, and misusing the rights of punishment by a religious prison may also be raised. Because such possesses ambivalence of being able to accomplish the results appropriate for the purpose of introduction or to show an adverse effect depending on how a religious prisoner is operated. Accordingly, various forms of a religious prisoner must be introduced based on thorough supervision of the country in order for a religious prison to produce expected results. In addition, the outlook of a religious prison would be bright when an equal treatment and an unrestrained option for prisoners are guaranteed.

본 연구는 矯導所내에 치료공동체적 접근법(Therapeutic Community Approach)을 적용하여 그 효과성에 대해 평가해 보고, 보다 적합한 치료적 介入방법을 모색해 보는 것을 연구목적으로 하였다. 본 연구의 대상자는 영등포와 전남장흥교도소의 마약관련 재소자들 중 일년 미만 육개월 이상의 재소기간을 남긴 자로 제한하였으며, 실험통제집단 전후비교설계를 사용하였다. 즉 본 연구에 동의한 대상자 80명 중 무작위로 40명은 실험집단에, 나머지 40명은 통제집단으로 선정하였다. 실험집단에 대하여 6개월에 걸쳐 치료공동체적 접근법을 적용한 집단교육 프로그램을 실시하였으며, 통제집단은 개별상담을 원한다면 별도의 시간을 배정하여 개별 상담의 시간을 가졌다. 본 프로그램의 효과성을 평가하기 위해 고려한 요인으로는 단약관련자기효능감과 문제해결인식이었다. 본 연구의 결과 치료공동체적 접근이 藥物中毒者의 자기효능감 및 문제해결인식을 증가시키는데 효과적으로 나타났다. 즉, 본 프로그램을 통하여 프로그램 참가자는 프로그램을 실시하기 전과 비교하여 藥物사용과 관련된 상황에 직면했을 때 약물을 사용하지 않을 수 있는 능력과 문제상황을 효과적으로 대처할 수 있는 能力이 향상된 것으로 나타났다. 따라서, 후속연구를 통하여 치료공동체적 접근법의 효과성을 제고시킬 수 있는 표준화된 치료모델을 개발하는 노력이 요구된다.

Postmodern criminology is based upon the belief that past criminological approaches have failed to realistically assess the true causes of crime and have therefore failed offer workable solutions for crime control or if they have, that such theories and solutions may have been appropriate at one time but no longer apply to the postmodern era. It challenges and debunks existing perspectives on crime and crime control. Upon such assumptions, the article examines how we conceive of penal policy or prison in contrast to how it is conventionally understood, and outlines what an alternative direction might look like. It introduces peacemaking criminology, constitutive criminology and restorative justice for the development of a new “replacement discourse”. Peacemaking criminology holds that crime-control agencies and the citizens they serve should work together to alleviate social problems and human suffering and thus reduce crime. The main purpose of criminology is to promote a peaceful, just society rather than standing on empirical analysis of data, by drawing its inspiration from religious and philosophical teachings. Constitutive criminology builds on the belief that crime and its control cannot be separated from the totality of the structural and cultural contexts in which it is produced. Given this interrelated nature of social structure and human agents and their social and cultural productions in the coproduction of crime, it trys to promote a just policy of reconstruction through replacement discourse which is directed toward the dual process of deconstructing prevailing structures of meaning and displacing them with new conceptions, which convey alternative meaning. Restorative justice has been practiced as an alternative to existing justice system beyond philosophical teaching or religious ideology in various countries. It seeks to attain a balance between the legitimate needs of the community, the offender, and the victim. The healing of all parties involves many aspects, ranging from victim assistance initiatives to legislation supporting victim's compensation. It follows such guidelines that community are victims, we use punishment to pay back the community, we combine punishment with help, and we give community a voice in shaping restorative sanctions.

This Study deals with how the first Korean private correctional institution that is to open about three years hence from now should be operated and managed effectively. For this study, the historical trace of the privatization of corrections and the future prospects especially in the United State of America including some another advanced countries were reviewed. In addition, in order to solve the prison overcrowding problem, which is far from "UN Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners", the study considers whether it is appropriate or not to execute the policy options such as the privatization of corrections and the use of alternative courses to incarceration, like the system in the advanced countries, such as the U. S., the United Kingdom and the like. In this context, the purposes of this study are to evaluate the current practices of the private prison, the beginning in our country and to make some recommendations for their improvement. And also, this study aims at offering the progressive and possible policies for the future privatization of corrections in Korea.

이 연구에서는 현재 우리 교정당국이 당면하고 있는 심각한 문제 중의 하나인 過密收容의 原因分析과 刑事司法的 對應方案을 제시하는데 그 목적을 둔다. 과밀수용의 개념과 수용실태에서는 과밀수용 개념을 정의하는 방법 중 形式的 接近方法과 實質的 接近方法에 의거하여 과밀수용의 개념을 설명하고, 수용실태를 통하여 현재 우리 교정당국이 처해 있는 과밀정도, 즉 연중 최대수용시점을 기준으로 수용자 한 명당 0.5평도 되지 않는 작은 공간에서 생활하고 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 과밀수용의 원인분석에서는 人口增加, 景氣變動, 刑事司法機關의 犯罪에 대한 對應方法으로 나누어 분석하였는데, 가장 직접적이고 영향을 많이 미치고 있는 것은 刑事司法機關의 犯罪에 대한 對應方法에 있음을 알 수가 있었다. 이에 과밀수용에 대한 대응방안으로는 ‘인구증가’와 ‘경기변동’은 형사사법 외적 요인으로 보다 거시적인 사회(경제)정책에 의존할 수밖에 없으므로, 여기에서는 不拘束 搜査擴大로 未決拘禁의 最小化, ‘罰金刑의 積極 活用’, ‘假釋放制度의 積極活用’, ‘短期自由刑에 대한 電子監視의 代替’, ‘民營矯導所의 活用’ 등 형사사법 내적 요인인 형사사법기관의 범죄에 대한 대응방법을 중심으로 살펴보았다.

본 연구는 원예치료가 재소자의 긍정적인 정신건강과 부정적인 정신건강에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. G시에 소재한 G교도소에 복역중인 재소자 10명을 대상으로 2012년 5월 8일부터 6월 1일까지 주 2회씩 총 8회 실시하였다. 원예치료 프로그램의 효과를 알아보기 위해 긍정적 정신건강 지표로 자아존중감 척도와 부정적 정신건강 지표로 간이정신진단검사를 사전, 중간, 사후에 3회 실시하였고, 매 회기별로는 원예활동 평가표를 작성하였다. 자아존중감은 통계적인 유의성은 없었지만 23.6에서 27.2로 평균 15%의 증가를 보였다. 부정적인 정신건강을 의미하는 간이정신진단검사 결과를 보면 9개 하위증상이 모두 감소하였는데, 그 중에서도 강박증(19%), 대인 예민성(15%), 우울(19%), 적대감(23%) 및 편집증(23%)에서 15%~23%의 통계적으로 유의한 감소가 인정되어(p<0.01 or p<0.05) 원예치료 프로그램이 재소자의 부정적 정신건강을 완화시키는데 매우 효과적임을 알 수 있었다. 특히 대인 예민성은 p=0.002의 매우 높은 유의 수준을 나타냈다. 원예활동의 평가에 있어서 참여성, 관심 및 조력성, 언어소통 능력, 숙련도, 욕구 충동적 적응력, 대인관계 능력, 인지 및 문제해결 능력 와 직업 적응력 등 8개 세부영역에서 실시 전보다 실시 후 향상 되었고 통계적으로도 유의성을 나타냈다. 이상의 결과로부터 원예치료 프로그램이 재소자의 정신건강 개선에 긍정적인 효과가 있음을 파악할 수 있었다. 또한 본 연구의 대상이 시급한 개입을 요구하면서도 실증연구를 위한 표본 선정과 개입이 지극히 어려운 교도소의 재소자인 점을 고려하고, 재소자의 정신건강을 다룬 원예치료 프로그램에 대한 연구가 거의 없는 실정을 감안해보면, 본 연구는 추후의 실증적 연구를 위한 주춧돌로서 중요한 의의를 갖는다 할 것이다.