2022년 10월부터 2023년 5월까지 친환경 딸기재배 농가에서 점박이응애는 칠레이리애응애와 사막이리응애, 진딧물은 콜레마니진디벌을 대상으로 하는 천적처리구와 유기농자재를 사용하는 관행방제구에서 천적의 해 충 밀도억제 효과를 조사하였다. 천적처리구에서 점박이응애 성충 밀도는 잎당 1.5마리 이하, 알은 4개 이하로 관리되었고, 사막이리응애는 잎당 최대 0.4마리까지 증가하여 점박이응애 밀도억제에 많은 영향을 미친것으로 보인다. 반면, 관행방제구에서 점박이응애 밀도는 천적 방사구에 비하여 오히려 많은 발생량을 보였지만, 3월 9일부터는 사막이리응애의 증가와 유기농자재의 효과로 점박이응애 밀도는 급격하게 감소하였다. 진딧물 천적 처리구에서 진딧물 밀도는 1월부터 발생하였으며 3월 상순에 잎당 0.3마리까지 증가하였으나 이후 감소하였고, 콜레마니진디벌은 진딧물 발생이 많지 않아 3.9마리/㎡(2회) 방사하는 데 그쳤다. 한편, 관행방제구 포장의 진딧 물은 유기농자재의 영향으로 거의 발생하지 않았다.

본 연구에서는 ‘설향’ 딸기를 두 작기(2020－2021년, 2021 －2022년)에 걸쳐 재배하면서 외부 광환경과 생육도일온도 가 작물 생산량에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 2년 동안 온실 내 환경 관리, 양액 관리 등은 동일하게 하였다. 재배기간 중 주 간의 온실 온습도는 두 작기에서 유사하게 관리되었고, 야간 의 온습도는 통계적으로 차이가 있었으나 작물 생육 범위를 벗어나지 않았다. 일사량은 9월과 10월에 첫 번째 작기의 일 평균 일사량이 많아 누적일사량도 많았으며, 11월부터는 2월 까지는 두 번째 작기의 일사량, 3월에는 다시 첫 번째 작기의 일사량이 많은 것으로 나타나 1월부터의 누적일사량은 두 번 째 작기에서 많은 것으로 나타났다. 딸기의 최적 일장 조건인 8시간 이상의 일장이 나타난 일은 두 작기 간 큰 차이가 없었고, 변화 양상은 누적일사량의 변화와 유사하게 나타났다. 누 적일사량과 생육도일온도는 상관관계가 커 생육도일온도가 딸기의 생산량과 당도에 미치는 영향을 조사해 본 결과의 초 기의 누적일사량과 생육도일온도가 적었던 두 번째 작기에서 초기 수확량은 적었으나 누적일사량 및 생육도일온도가 증가 함에 따라 후기에 수확량이 첫 번째 작기보다 많았으며 잠재 적 최대 생산량도 큰 것으로 나타났다. 당도는 생육도일온도 가 증가함에 따라 감소하였으며, 이는 촉성딸기의 특성으로 판단된다. 추후 연구를 통해 단순 수확량뿐만 아니라 작물 생 육, 꽃눈분화 및 출뢰시기를 조사, 분석하여 생육도일온도가 작 물 생육에 미치는 영향을 다각도로 분석하는 연구도 필요하다 고 판단된다.

The International Atomic Energy Agency recommends the deep geological disposal system as one of the disposal methods for high-level radioactive waste (HLW), such as spent nuclear fuel. The deep geological disposal system disposes of HLW in a deep and stable geological formation to isolate the HLW from the human biosphere and restrict the inflow of radionuclides into the ecosystem. It mainly consists of an engineered barrier and a natural barrier. Safety evaluation using a numerical model has been performed primarily to evaluate the buffer’s long-term stability. However, although the gas generation rate input for long-term stability evaluation is the critical factor that has the most significant influence on the long-term hydraulic-mechanical behavior of the buffer, in-depth research and experimental data are lacking. In this study, the gas generation rate on the interface between the disposal canister and the buffer material, a component of the engineered barrier, was mainly studied. Gas can be generated between the disposal canister and the buffer material due to various causes such as anaerobic corrosion of the disposal canister metal, organic matter decomposition, radiation decomposition, and steam generation due to high temperature. The generation of gas in such a disposal environment increases the pore gas pressure in the buffer and causes internal cracks. The occurred cracks increase the intrinsic permeability of the buffer, which leads to a decrease in the primary performance of the buffer. For this reason, it is essential to apply the appropriate gas generation rate according to the disposal condition and buffer material for accurate long-term stability analysis. Therefore, the theoretical models regarding the estimation of gas generation were summarized through a literature study. The amount of gas generated was estimated according to the disposal environment and material of the disposal canister. It is expected that estimated values might be used to estimate the long-term stability analysis of buffer performance according to the disposal condition.

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of summer green manure crops as an alternative for imported expeller cake fertilizer on environment-friendly lettuce production. Sunnhemp, soybean, sudangrass, and sorghum, as summer green manure crops, were evaluated under the condition of a plastic film house. In the amount of nitrogen supplied through cultivation of green manure crops, soybean plot, which supplied 187 kg ha-1, was the highest, followed by sorghum plot, 156 kg ha-1. Since all green manure plots supplied more nitrogen than that required by soil testing, it was possible to replace the nitrogen supply of expeller cake fertilizer with the amount of nitrogen produced by green manures for autumn lettuce cultivation. N nutrient balances in sunnhemp, sudangrass, soybean, and sorghum plots were 13 kg ha-1, 28 kg ha-1, 30 kg ha-1, and 38 kg ha-1, respectively. The initial yield and total yield of lettuce showed no significant difference in green manure plots compared to the expeller cake plot, but . It was thought that all green manure crops could be substituted for expeller cake fertilizer used as nitrogen fertilizer, but it would be necessary to adjust the cultivation period and reduction point according to the type of green manure in order to maintain the C/N ratio, nitrogen supply, and nitrogen balance suitable for lettuce production.

The production of macroalgae-derived adsorbent is of great importance to realize the idea of treating pollutants with invaluable renewable materials. Herein, a novel meso-micro porous nano-activated carbon was prepared from green alga Ulava lactuca in a facile way via chemical activation with zinc chloride. The resultant activated carbon possesses a significant specific surface area 1486.3 m2/ g. The resulting activated carbon was characterized and investigated for the adsorption of Direct Red 23 (DR23) dye from an aqueous environment. Batch method was conducted to study the effects of different adsorption processes on the DR23 dye adsorption from water. Isotherms and kinetics models were investigated for the adsorption process of DR23 dye. It was found that the adsorption data were well fitted by Langmuir model showing a monolayer adsorption capacity 149.26 mg/g. Kinetic experiments revealed that the adsorptions of DR23 dye can be described with pseudo-secondorder model showing a good correlation (R2 > 0.997). The prepared activated carbon from Ulava lactuca was exposed to a total of six regeneration experiments. The regeneration result proved that the fabricated activated carbon only loses 19% of its adsorption capacity after six cycles. These results clearly demonstrated the high ability of the obtained active carbon to absorb anionic dyes from the aqueous environment.

The manufacturing companies under Make-To-Order (MTO) production environment face highly variable requirements of the customers. It makes them difficult to establish preemptive production strategy through inventory management and demand forecasting. Therefore, the ability to establish an optimal production schedule that incorporates the various requirements of the customers is emphasized as the key success factor. In this study, we suggest a process of designing the simulation model for establishing production schedule and apply this model to the case of a flat glass processing company. The flat glass manufacturing industry is under MTO production environment. Academic research of flat glass industry is focused on minimizing the waste in the cutting process. In addition, in the practical view, the flat glass manufacturing companies tend to establish the production schedule based on the intuition of production manager and it results in failure of meeting the due date. Based on these findings, the case study aims to present the process of drawing up a production schedule through simulation modeling. The actual data of Korean flat glass processing company were used to make a monthly production schedule. To do this, five scenarios based on dispatching rules are considered and each scenario is evaluated by three key performance indicators for delivery compliance. We used B2MML (Business To Manufacturing Markup Language) schema for integrating manufacturing systems and simulations are carried out by using SIMIO simulation software. The results provide the basis for determining a suitable production schedule from the production manager's perspective.

This study aims at providing a basic data for the development of high energy efficient environment system in the cage (poultry buildings) and cold potable water supply to reduce the summer heat stress. For this study, the cage area size was 273m 2 and the air-to-water heat pump capacity was 20RT for heating and cooling. As the result of this study, the temperature of the drinking water supplied by heat pump was maintained at the set temperature of 15℃. However, the water temperature of control was 23~28 ℃ due to the effect of outside temperature. The average internal cage temperature was 25.3 ℃ in the test group and 28.1 ℃ in the control group, which was 2.8 ℃ higher than that of the control group. The relative humidity was 76.2% in the test group and 75.0% in the control group. The broiler drank 23.2 L / day in the test group and 21.5 L / day in the control group. Daily feed intake was 937 g and and 725 g in the cold water and control water respectively. The feed intake of 212 g was higher than that of cold water. The feeding rates were 1.8 and 1.9. Body weights were 1,523 g and 1,164 g in the cold water and control water respectively. The weight gain was 359 g in the test group fed with cold water and 392 g in the control group. When compared with the control group, the mortality rate was reduced by 84% in the cold water feeding test. It is necessary that future research will continue to reduce the incidence of such livestock accidents.’.

인간이 환경을 보전 복원하고자 하는 목적은 자연이 인간에게 제공하는 환경서비스를 지속적으로 공급받기 위함이다. 이러한 측면에서 유류오염에 대응하고 복원하는 근본적인 목적은 인간의 생활 및 생산환경의 지속성을 유지하기 위한 것이라 할 수 있다. 즉, 유류유출의 사회경제적 피해영향 및 복원정도 모니터링은 손상된 자연환경의 기능 회복에 중요한 요소이다. 하지만 사회경제적 영향평가는 직간접적 관련자들의 이해와 직결되어 있어 적절한 조사 및 평가 방법을 선택하는 것이 어렵고 결과를 해석하는 것도 어렵다. 본 연구에서는 허베이 스피리트호 유류유출 사고를 대상으로 생활 및 생산환경 피해 모니터링의 주요 지표인 수산, 관광부문의 영향평가를 위해 기존의 문헌 및 통계자료조사 외에 지역주민 체감조사를 병행하였다. 조사 결과, 복원의 수준은 40~50 % 수준이고, 복원정도는 둔화 혹은 감소하고 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 체감조사결과가 문헌 및 통계자료 조사결과 보다 2~10 점 정도 낮은 것으로 평가되었다. 결론적으로 기존의 사회경제적 영향평가를 위해 기본적으로 수행하여 왔던 문헌 및 통계자료를 통한 분석이 피해영향 복원의 지표로 삼기에는 한계가 있음을 보여주었고, 실제 피해지역 주민들이 체감하는 영향과 복원정도에 대한 분석의 필요성을 제기하였다.

본 연구에서는 폐쇄형 식물 생산시스템 내에서 생체정보에 의한 최적 환경제어와 식물의 환경스트레스 판단을 위하여 엽록소형광 분석법으로 광합성효율 모델을 만들었으며, 광합성효율 모델에 유전알고리즘을 적용하여 재배환경 최적화 프로그램의 응용성을 평가하였다. 6가지 미기상 요인 중 5가지는 고정하고 1가지씩만 변화시켜 가며 측정한 Fv'/Fm'이 최대가 되는 환경조건은 기온 21℃, CO2농도 1,200~1,400ppm, 상대습도 68%, 기류속도 1.4m·s-1, 배양액온도 20℃이었으며 PPF가 140μmol·m-2·s-1 보다 증가할수록 광합성 효율은 감소하였다. 광합성효율모델의 오차는 평균 2.5%였다. 재배환경 최적화 프로그램으로부터 계산된 밀폐형식물 생산시스템내에서 상추의 최적재배환경조건은 기온 22℃, 배양액온도 19℃, CO2농도 1,400ppm, 기류속도 1.0m·s-1, PPF 430μmol·m-2·s-1, 상대습도 65%이다. 이상의 연구 결과로부터 광합성 효율 모델을 이용하여 식물 생산시설의 환경모니터링 시스템과 식물 생체정보에 의한 최적제어시스템의 개발이 가능함을 확인하였다.

As technique that can contribute in quality improvement in design process to overcome shortcoming of traditional quality control, call design or development department quality control activity that is achieved to reduce gun damage shuddering at circle minimizing change or side effect of product performance as off-line quality control. This paper discuss optimal process design of investment projects expansion and replacement investment on each line or individual in the production. Generally optimal plant design has add to a few method by Subsidiary means with use a especial method. And then in this paper, a Robust design is presented, which may be effective to the processes appraisal or improvement. We propose that should make a optimal plant design model for reducing field failure rate to assign by real data on different factors in plant system. Using this model, robust design of taguchi method used in this comprehensive method for reducing field failure rate in plant system.

This research is devoted to develop and evaluate the alternative plans of the Plants Within Plants (PWP) case for improving productivity. Three alternative plans were made for the productivity improvement of the existing system of the case. The first plan was designed on the base of reducing work stations and reducing balance delay. The second plan has used the group working concept. The third plan has also applied the group working with the allowance time for compensating workers movements. The computer simulation method has been used for comparing and evaluating the existing system with three alternative plans. The simulation results have shown that the second one is superior to the other three lines in terms of low Work-In-Process(WIP) level and the high production output. The third plan has also shown the higher production output and lower WIP level than the existing one. In conclusion, applying group working concept to the PWP production environment could be the solution for increasing productivity.

본 연구에서는, 농업생산시설내 환경조절을 위한 시뮬레이터의 기본 시스템을 구축하고, 실내환경을 조절하면서 실측치와 예측치를 비교함으로써 적용성을 검토하였다. 모델은 비정상상태의 에너지 및 물질수지에 근거하여 구축되었고, PCSMP를 사용하여 아날로그형 프로그램이 가능하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 구축된 환경조절용 시뮬레이터의 기본시스템은 기본모델, 광환경모델, 환경제어모델로 구성되어서 상호 독립적인 개발이 가능하였다. 기본모델은 본 시스템의 주요 부분으로써 열환경모델, 재배모델, 환기모델, 토양모델, 탄산가스모델을 구성되었고, 환경제어모델은 보온커텐, 냉난방기 및 지중열 교환을 고려하였다. 실제로 환경조절이 실시되고 있는 온실의 주간 및 야간의 실내온도의 실측치와 모델에 의한 예측치를 비교한 결과, 비교적 잘 일치되어서 그 적용성이 확인되었다.

34 packaged meal (Dosirak) manufacturing establishments were assessed in terms of working environment, production and transportation practices. Questionnaires and facility check-lists were developed. Most establishments were small in business, and production personnel as well as production facilities were insufficient compared with production capacity of establishments. Mean production capacity for packaged meals in terms of optimum and maximum levels were 6,500 and 15,166 meals in large sized establishments; 2,662 and 8,301 in medium; and 2,112, and 4,733 in small respectively. Those figures indicate potentially hazardous practices in production especially in small and medium sized establishments. Most meals were produced to order. Transportation facility and kitchen space were assessed as insufficient.

It has continuously promoted to scale up the agricultural management body in order to cope with the market-opening pressure such as the UR negotiation, the DDA negotiation, and more conclusions of FTAs and to enhance the competitiveness of our agriculture. This study evaluated the factors associated with production organization participation centered on environmentally-friendly agriculture farmers in order to improve the production efficiency of environmentally-friendly agriculture in the aspect of production. In order to achieve this objective, this study evaluated the factors that contributed to participating in an organization using the bivariate probit model focusing on environmentally-friendly agriculture farmers in Chungnam. This study examined the validity and reliability of the study model through exploratory factor analysis. The results of factor analyses identified four factors: “distribution”, “production”, “organization operation”, and “social capital”. The results of the bivariate probit model showed that distribution significantly affected production activities and distribution, organization operation, agricultural income, and gender significantly influenced sale activities. Environmentally-friendly production organization had not been able to provide the productive support that was needed for local farmers to produce environmentally-friendly agricultural products in a region. Additionally, farming education did not provide the information needed by the farmers. Although producers had a network within a production organization, it was operated mainly for administrators. Therefore, participants felt somewhat lacking. This study identified the level of organization of producer organizations in Chungnam area, where environmentally-friendly agriculture is well activated. This study suggested implications for future production organization participation by evaluating factors affecting participation quantitatively.

The objective of this study is to analyze the DEA efficiency of the environmentfriendly agricultural districts and zones. There are political inefficiency in districts and zones with 45.3% and 85.0%. It mainly results from scale efficiency than pure technical efficiency. There are 10 efficient zones, while 34 decreasing return to scale ones. Meanwhile, districts mostly have increasing return to scale with 97.9%. The results of this study is meaningful to re-construct the project based on the environment-friendly agricultural production.

Bacterial cellulose (BC) has played important role as new functional material for food industry and industrial products based on its unique properties. The interest in BC from static cultures has increased steadily in recent years because of its potential for use in medicine and cosmetics. In this study, we investigated culture condition for BC production by Acetobacter sp. F15 in static culture. The strain F15, which was isolated from decayed fruit, was selected on the basis of BC thickness. The optimal medium compositions for BC production were glucose 7%, soytone 12%, K2HPO4 0.2%, NaH2PO4ㆍ2H2O 0.2%, lactic acid 0.05% and ethanol 0.3%, respectively. The strain F15 was able to produce BC at 26℃-36℃ with a maximum at 32 ℃. BC production occurred at pH 4.5-8 with a maximum at pH 6.5. Under these conditions, a maximum BC thickness of 12.15 mm was achieved after 9 days of cultivation; this value was about 2.3-fold higher than the thickness in basic medium. Scanning electron micrographs showed that BC from the optimal medium was more compact than plant cellulose and was reticulated structure consisting of ultrafine cellulose fibrils. BC from the optimal medium was found to be of cellulose type I, the same as typical native cellulose.