In this study, the second-order Nomoto’s nonlinear expansion model was implemented as a Tagaki-Sugeno fuzzy model based on the heading angular velocity to design the automatic steering system of a ship considering nonlinear elements. A Tagaki-Sugeno fuzzy PID controller was designed using the applied fuzzy membership functions from the Tagaki-Sugeno fuzzy model. The linear models and fuzzy membership functions of each operating point of a given nonlinear expansion model were simultaneously tuned using a genetic algorithm. It was confirmed that the implemented Tagaki-Sugeno fuzzy model could accurately describe the given nonlinear expansion model through the Zig-Zag experiment. The optimal parameters of the sub-PID controller for each operating point of the Tagaki-Sugeno fuzzy model were searched using a genetic algorithm. The evaluation function for searching the optimal parameters considered the route extension due to course deviation and the resistance component of the ship by steering. By adding a penalty function to the evaluation function, the performance of the automatic steering system of the ship could be evaluated to track the set course without overshooting when changing the course. It was confirmed that the sub-PID controller for each operating point followed the set course to minimize the evaluation function without overshoot when changing the course. The outputs of the tuned sub-PID controllers were combined in a weighted average method using the membership functions of the Tagaki-Sugeno fuzzy model. The proposed Tagaki-Sugeno fuzzy PID controller was applied to the second-order Nomoto’s nonlinear expansion model. As a result of examining the transient response characteristics for the set course change, it was confirmed that the set course tracking was satisfactorily performed.

EPS(Electric Power Steeing) has been a popular system in the automotive industry since 2000 after the technology and safety was validated. The Korean Refrigerated Carts like Hankook Yogurt Coco was developed for the first time in the world. However this carts system and other small tranporting carts has no EPS. Thus the drivers of carts needed a EPS to avoid the burden when steeing a big weighted cart with 750Kgf as many women drivers complain the pain on their shoulders. This paper describes the application of EPS on Korean refrigerated carts with simulation results and experimental data shows the improvement of steering efforts.

The ship steering is a very important factor for safe operation. Recently, the ship is controlled in a space other than the wheelhouse through the wired controller. However, there has been a continuing need to improve the inconvenience of wired systems. In this study, a system to control the steering angle and throttle of ship by RF communication method was developed and applied to actual ship. Since the reliability is secured through the safety evaluation, the wireless steering system improves the convenience and economic efficiency of ship steering.

In commercial vehicles. the pulsation noise when the power steering operating is the major item to make the complain for users. If this noise have related to vibration characteristics in steering system's parts or assembly, it makes the problem in vehicle quality. Recently, the users demand the high quality in commercial vehicles, and we must identified the relevance between the pulsation noise and the vibration characteristics. After the identification, we can design the power steering system for satisfaction the user’s needs. Finally, the identification of relevance in pulsation noise for analysing the vibration characteristics will be suggested advanced power steering system.

This sudy on the evaluation of steering knuckle effect on wheela alignment for passenger automotive. In generally, wheel alignment of vehicle influences on steering knuckle of shapes, sizes, working clearances, etc. The wheel alignment values in vehicle suspension system are very important factors because vehivcle riding quality handling performance are related to these factors. This study on camber angle according to lateral force of two models.

This paper has been carried out the forming analysis, die stress analysis, and relevant tests for the straightness improvement of hollow shafts with blocktooth. Hollow forward extrusion is a process that a material in a die is pressed with a punch and the material is formed into the same direction through the gap of a mandrel and a bottom die. For an asymmetric shaped product, due to the difference of reduction ratios of the cross sections in its extruding, a phenomenon that the product bends from the difference of the flow speed comes to occur. As applying the key to the mandrel has a uniform flow speed, bending problem was solved. These were processed using Deform-3D as a finite-element analysis program. Analysis was compared with the experiment. Keyway height of the mandrel has been confirmed that the straightness best when it comes 0.1mm. These study are expected to be available as fundamental data in die design necessary for the manufacture of asymmetric goods in the future.

This paper carried out design in order to reduce the process of asymmetric pinch yoke, one of the important parts which transfer power to wheels through gearing box in automobile steering system. The purpose of the study is to reduce prime costs and strengthen competitiveness by designing the total 8 processes including the up-setting and forging process of the No. 1 as the forging process the current method of production. The process with die stress analysis by using the finite element method have been carried out through new optimal die design. As this study result, it is expected that die life can be secured as excellent material flow and caused by forming load. A prototype has been produced by basis of the analysis result and the reduction of the process was successful. As the unit price is lower than that of the current process, the competitiveness can be expected.

When a ship is course-keeping in the open seas, autopilot system is adapted. The design of autopilot system is very important for improvement of ship′s element research. Automatic steering system consists of autopilot device, power unit, steering gear, magnetic or gyro compass and ship dynamics. In order to evaluate automatic steering system of ships in open seas. we need to know the characteristics of each component of the system, and also to know the characteristics of disturbance to ship dynamics. In this paper, I provide evaluation method of autopilot navigation system of the fishing ship. Prediction method based on the principle of linear superposition is introduced for irregular disturbance. For the evaluation of automatic steering system of a ship, "performance index" is introduced from the viewpoint of energy saving and calculation method is frequency response analysis. Finally, I carried out calculation of sensitivity of control constants of autopilot with various conditions of ocean environments.

A combination steering system was designed to provide the flexibility in controlling the steering wheel in fishing operations of the inshore and coastal fishing vessels. The designed steering system basically is consisted of three driving units, such as a electrically driven hydraulic pump unit with a solenoid control valve, a DC motor driven hydraulic pump unit and a manually driven hydraulic pump unit, and two controllers to provide remote steering on the deck, respectively. The steering torque was measured and analyzed to investigate the dynamic performance of the developed steering system. The steering system showed excellent linearity between the working pressure of cylinder and the torque of rudder post in case of increasing in rudder angle from 5˚ to 35˚ that is, the steering torque increased from 10.4 kgf·m to 105.3 kgf·m and then the working pressure of cylinder fluctuated from 6.3 kgf/cm super(2) to 16.4 kgf/cm super(2). The steering time of 3.2 sec in remote hydraulic steering by the on/off solenoid valve control was much faster than 13.2 sec in the manual steering by the helmsman and 11.6 sec in the electric steering by a DC motor, and then it was verified that operation of one unit does not affect other units in combination steering system in any way. Furthermore, the developed steering system can be remotely controlled in multiple stations of the deck during the fishing operation and the automatic pilot steering unit can be used to add hydraulic steering.

When an automatic course-keeping is concerned, as is quite popular in modem navigation, the closed-loop steering system consists of autopilot device, power unit (or telemotor unit), steering gear, magnetic or gyro compass and ship dynamics. In order to estimate automatic steering system of ships in open seas. we need to know the characteristics of each component of the system, and also to know the characteristics of disturbance to ship dynamics. In this paper, I provide calculation method of imposing irregular disturbance to autopilot navigation system of the ship in open seas, and also show calculation examples about fishing boat. The disturbance consists of the irregular wave and the fluctuating component of wind. Finally, The disturbances are calculated in terms of equivalent yaw angular velocity. Each spectrum and time history of disturbance are reasonably evaluated.

With the development of mechatronics technology in the transporter industry, the electric power assisted steering (EPAS) system has many advantages compared to the hydraulic system. Many manufacturers are developing and applying EPAS systems to improve the performance of the transporter. Using the HILS system developed in the paper, an adaptable EPAS system was developed for real transporter. It was installed in a real, KIA Rio, and tested. Results indicated outstanding performance. Therefore, the developed EPAS can be applied via HILS system.

선박 조종방정식의 비선형 요소를 고려한 선박의 자동조타시스템의 제어기를 설계하기 위하여 TSK (Takagj-Sugeno-Kang) 퍼지 이론을 이용하였다. TSK 퍼지모델은 비선형 시스템을 매우 효율적으로 표현할 수 있으며, 또 TSK 퍼지모델은 결론부가 선형식으로 이뤄져 있어 체계적인 제어기 설계가 가능하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 선박의 조종방정식을 TSK 퍼지모델로 표현하는 방법과 그 모델로부터 체계적으로 TSK 퍼지제어기를 설계하는 방법을 설명한다.

In the present study, irregular disturbances to ship dynamics is proposed, where irregular disturbances implying irregular wave and the fluctuating component of wind for the evaluation of automatic steering system of ship in following seas. Prediction method based on the principle of linear superposition. Irregular wave disturbances in following seas is calculated by frequency variation method. The mathematical model of each element of an automatic steering system is derived, which takes account of a few non-linear mechanisms. PD(Proportional-Derivative) controller and low-pass filter with a weather adjustment are adopted to modelling the characteristics of an autopilot. Performance index is introduced from the viewpoint of energy saving, which derived from the concept of energy loss on ship propulsion. Finally, the present methods are applied to two typical types of ship ； an ore carrier and a fishing boat. The various effects of control constants of autopilot on propulsive energy loss are investigated

In this study, as the preliminary step for developing an unmanned vehicle to deliver a container-box, we designed and implemented Automatic Guided Vehicle(AGV) Simulator for the purpose of Port Facilities Automation. It is preferable to research the intelligent AGV for delivery all day long. For complementing AGV simulator driving, we used multiple-sensor systems with vision, ultrasonic, IR and adapted the high-speed wireless LAN that satisfies the IEEE 802.11 Standard for bi-directional communication between main processor in AGV and Host computer. Here, we mounted on bottom frame in AGV Pentium-III processor, which combine and compute the information from each sensor system and control the AGV driving, and used the 80C196KC micro-controller to control the actuating and steering motors.

Many studies have been done in the field of fuzzy logic theory, but it's application to the ship's steering system is few until this date. This paper is to survey the effect of application of fuzzy logic control by new compositional rule of Inference to the ship's steering system. The controller is made up of a set of Linguistic Control Rules which are conditional linguistic statements connecting the inputs and output, and take the inputs derived from deviation angle and it's angular velocity. The Linguistic Control Rules are implemented on the digital computer to verify the performance of the fuzzy logic controller and simulations have been done in six cases of initial condition and disturbance type. Consequently, it was proved that the ship's steering system by introducing the F.L.C. is performed efficiently and less energy loss system compared with the conventional autopilot.