PURPOSES : The effect of yellow carpet visibility enhancement was verified and its impact on traffic safety for effective introduction of traffic safety facilities was studied. METHODS : There is currently no scientific evidence demonstrating that yellow carpets improve pedestrian awareness. In this study, the effect of increasing visibility caused by the installation of yellow carpet was verified, and the effect of improving the level of traffic safety was examined through an objective analysis. A drone was used to collect and analyze video data to compare the driving speeds of vehicles passing near yellow carpets at six different sites and diagnose the effects of speed reduction. RESULTS : The results showed that the visibility improvement values before and after the installation of the yellow carpet differed from place to place, but a visibility improvement effect existed in certain cases. In terms of the adequacy of the installation site, the yellow carpet had no deceleration effect on vehicles driving on signalized local streets and collector highways. It was found that there was a speed reduction effect on unsignalized local streets. CONCLUSIONS : To enhance traffic safety promotion, yellow carpets should be placed on unsignalized local streets. It is important to place the yellow carpet in the right place in a proper manner.

PSC 공법으로 시공된 구조물에서 긴장력을 도입시키는 주요 재료인 PS 강연선은 뛰어난 성능을 보 유하고 있으나, 강재로 제작되어 부식에 취약한 단점 또한 가지고 있다. 이에 한국건설기술연구원에서 는 PS 강연선을 대체할 목적으로 비부식 탄소섬유 케이블을 개발하고 있다. 비부식 탄소섬유 케이블은 PSC 구조물에 사용될 목적으로 개발하고 있기 때문에 인장강도 등 단기 성능 외에도 크리프 및 릴랙 세이션 등 장기 성능 또한 보유하고 있어야 한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 하중을 일정하게 유지시킨 상 태로 시편의 변형을 살펴보는 크리프 시험과 변위를 일정하게 고정시킨 후에 도입된 하중의 변화를 살펴보는 릴랙세이션 시험을 수행하여 탄소 섬유 케이블의 장기 성능을 검증해 보았다. 각 시험을 수 행하고 데이터를 분석한 결과, 본 연구에서 개발한 탄소섬유 케이블은 크리프와 릴랙세이션에 대해서 일반적으로 PSC 구조물에 사용되는 PS 강연선에 비해 동등 이상의 성능을 보유하고 있는 것으로 판 단된다.

본 연구는 철도교 노후화에 따른 열차운행 중 신속 교체 및 재난·재해에 대한 급속 시공을 통하여 공기단축 및 시공성 확보로 국민의 사회적·경제적 피해를 최소화하고자 한다. 철도교 개량 등에서 필 수적인 8철도하로교 시공고도화 및 성능향상9을 위하여 신속 교체와 성능향상이 가능한 강합성 철도하 로교 설계·제작·시공 기술을 개발하고자 한다. 또한, 개발하고자 하는 강합성 하로교의 경우 철도교뿐 만 아니라 도로교에서 적용하고자 하며, 철도교는 상부구조가 단경간 형식으로 이루어지고 있어 철도 교 사용성 검토에 큰 문제가 없으나 도로교의 경우 바닥판 연속화를 고려 중에 있어, 이에 대한 온도 및 부모멘트 등 여러 문제점을 검토하였다. 상로교의 경우 다수의 거더에 의해 바닥판이 지지되므로 PS의 중요성이 부각될 수 없지만, 하로교의 바닥판은 양단 거더에 의한 고정지지이므로 RC구조 적용 이 어려워, 강합성 또는 PSC 공법을 일반적으로 적용한다. 기존 강합성 구조는 비용, 공기 측면에서 지양하고 PSC 구조의 가로보 및 바닥판과 강재 거더를 합성한 하로교를 개발하고자 한다.

원자력발전소(원전) 내부에 설치되어 있는 주요 기기는 원전의 안정적인 운영을 돕는 주요 2차 구조 물이다. 경주 지진, 포항 지진과 같은 강한 지진이 발생하였을 때, 원전 주요 기기의 손상은 원전의 안정한 정지에 문제를 초래할 수 있다. 따라서, 원전 주요 기기의 지진응답을 저감시키기 위한 연구가 필수적으로 요구된다. 이러한 배경 아래, 본 연구에서는 원전 주요 기기의 내진성능 향상을 위하여 동 흡진장치(Dynamic Absorber)를 활용하였다. 연구에서 사용된 동흡진장치는 스프링, 댐퍼, 및 질량체로 구성된다. 이러한 동흡진장치를 설계하기 위하여 기존에 제안된 방법론들을 활용하였으며, 각 방법론 들을 기반으로 설계된 동흡진장치의 지진응답 저감효과를 비교 및 분석하였다. 구체적으로, 진동대 시 험 결과를 바탕으로 유한요소 모델을 검증하였다. 또한, 이를 기반으로 기존 동흡진장치의 설계방법론 에 따른 원전 주요 기기의 지진응답 저감 효과를 비교 및 분석하였다. 결과적으로 각 방법론들은 원전 주요기기의 가속도, 변위, 응력 응답을 평균적으로 약 30% 정도 감소시키는 효과를 보였다.

본 연구목적은 고등학생의 게임중독에 미치는 부모와의 관계, 스트레 스, 주관적 행복도의 영향력을 검증하는 것이다. 연구의 대상자는 한국방 정환재단이 주관하고 연세대 사회발전연구소에서 시행한 「한국 어린이· 청소년 행복지수」의 2021년 제12차 조사의 고등학교 청소년 2,272명을 연구의 대상자로 정하였다. 고등학생의 게임중독에 미치는 독립변인들의 직접효과 및 간접효과를 확인하기 위해 SPSS 26.0 및 PROCESS Macro를 사용하였다. 첫째, 고등학생의 부모와의 관계는 스트레스에 부 적 영향, 주관적 행복도에 정적 영향, 게임중독에 부적 영향을 주는 것으 로 확인되었다. 둘째, 스트레스는 주관적 행복도에 부적 영향, 게임중독 에 정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 주관적 행복도는 게임중 독에 부적 영향을 주는 것이 규명되었다. 넷째, 부모와의 관계와 게임중 독 간의 관계 내에서 스트레스와 주관적 행복도는 부적인 매개효과를 보 였다. 따라서, 본 연구결과는 향후, 청소년들의 게임중독 및 과몰입을 예 방할 수 있는 교육지원 정책 마련 및 프로그램 운영에 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다.

This study was conducted to verify the reliability of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) data derived from Selected Ion Flow Tube-Mass Spectrometers (SIFT-MS) measurements. In the previous study, the measurement reliability was validated using simultaneous measurements by SIFT-MS and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GS-MS), but in order to ensure more accuracy, and additional analysis was conducted by diluting standard gases (2 ppm) consisting of 10 types of VOCs mainly measured in industrial complexes (concentrations ranged from 0 to 500 ppb). As a result of 2 experiments, the SIFT-MS showed linearity and produced a coefficient of determination of over 0.99 for all cases. SIFT-MS has secured high measurement reliability, and it is considered to be able to efficiently manage VOCs emitted in industrial complexes.

Evaluation of low temperature performance of asphalt mixture is significant not only for mitigating transverse thermal cracking but also for preventing potential traffic accidents. In addition, the engineers in pavement agency need to inform the proper pavement section where urgent management is needed. Since early 2000, Korea Expressway Corporation Research Division (KECRD) developed an 3D Pavement condition Monitoring profiler vehicle (3DPM) to survey expressway pavement surface condition precisely. The management of whole expressway network became more precise, effective and efficient than before due to application of 3DPM and HPMS. One thing recommended is: performing extensive mechanical test and corresponding data analysis work procedure to further strengthen the feasibility of current 3DPM approach and HPMS. In this paper two activities were considered: first, the pavement section where the urgent care is recommended is selected by means of 3DPM approach. Then asphalt mixture cores were acquired on that specified section then low temperature fracture test: Semi Circular Bending (SCB) test, was performed. The mechanical parameters, energy release rate and fracture toughness were computed then compared. It is concluded that the current 3DPM approach in KEC can successfully evaluate and analyze selected pavement condition. However, more extensive experimental works are needed to further strengthen the current pavement analyzing approaches.

최근 인접국가인 일본에서 규모 7.6의 지진이 발생하였다. 이 지진은 대규모의 최초 지진 이후 120회 이상의 여진을 동반하여 지진의 위험성이 두각되었다. 실제로 구조물들은 최초 지진이후 항복하여 지속되는 여진에 의해서도 붕괴될 위험이 있기 때문에 지진 저항력을 향상시킬 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 자동복원이 가능한 신소재를 활용하여 지진에 의한 피해를 감소시키면서도 댐퍼와 구조물에 발생되는 잔류변위를 회복시킬 수 있는 자동복원 신소재 댐퍼를 제안한다. 이 댐퍼는 초탄성 형상기억합금과 폴리우레탄으로 구성되며 폴리우레탄에는 선행압축이 적용되어 그로 인한 반발력을 통해 회복특성을 증진시킨 다. 이에 대한 성능을 평가하기 위해 구조실험과 구조실험에 대한 수치해석을 진행하여 댐퍼의 회복특성, 하중특성을 확인하였 다. 또한, OpenSEES프로그램을 활용하여 구조물에 댐퍼를 적용시키고 실제 지진환경에 대한 수치해석을 수행함으로써 지붕변 위, 밑면 전단력 등의 응답을 구하여 자동복원 신소재 댐퍼의 우수성을 검증하였다. 이를 통해 자동복원 신소재 댐퍼를 구조물 에 적용하게 되면 국내 역대 지진 중 가장 규모가 큰 지진이 다시 발생하여도 구조물을 다시 회복할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

Potentillae Chinensis Herba 추출물의 항산화 효능 평가를 위해 DPPH 자유라디칼 소거 활성 과 ABTS 양이온 라디칼 활성 평가를 시행하였다. 세포 실험에서 항염증 평가를 위해 호흡기 점막 상피세 포 NCI,H292와 RAW264.7 세포 대상으로 항염증 효능을 평가하였다. 그 결과, DPPH 자유라디칼 소거 활성과 ABTS 양이온 라디칼 활성 모두 농도 의존적으로 항산화 활성이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 세포 MTT 분석 결과, 각 농도 100 μg/ml로 처리한 경우 NCI-H292 세포의 생존율이 70% 미만으로 감소하 였고, 이후 실험은 50 μg/ml로 진행하였다. 항염증 효능 평가에서는 NO생성, TNF-α, IL-1β, PGE2가 감소하였고, COX-2도 50 μg/ml에서 유의하게 감소하였다. Potentillae Chinensis Herba 추출물과 생물 전환 추출물의 뮤신 단백질 발현은 MUC5AC 발현이 유의하게 감소하는 것으로 관찰되었다. 이상의 결과 는 Potentillae Chinensis Herba의 호흡기 점액 단백질 발현을 도와 염증을 억제하는 기능성 소재로 활용하 는데 가치가 있음을 알 수 있다.

해양사고 예방 지원을 목표로 해양수산부 주도의 지능형 해상교통정보서비스가 지난 21년 1월부터 시작되었고 그동안 이용이 제한되었던 3톤 미만 선박까지 확대하기 위해 개발·추진되는 소형 초고속해상무선통신망(이하 LTE-M) 송수신기의 성능 검증 방안에 대해 연구하였다. 국내 해양 사고의 약 30%가 3톤 미만의 선박에서 발생되고 있기 때문에 소형 선박 전용의 송수신기 개발을 통한 해양안전 사각지대 보완이 필요하다. 소형 LTE-M 송수신기는 연안에서 조업 활동이 활발한 어선과 육지 인근의 수상레저기구 등을 대상으로 적용 될 수 있다. 따라서 실제 송수신기가 설치·이용되는 환경을 고려하여 충분한 성능 및 안정적인 통신 품질 제공 여부를 검증하는 방안이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 LTE-M 망의 통신품질 요구 기준과 해양수산부의 소형 송수신기 성능 요구 기준을 검토해보고, 소형 송수신기의 성능을 적합하게 평가할 수 있는 시험 방안을 제안하였다. 제안한 시험 방안은 해양 사고 빈도가 높은 6개 실해역 노선을 대상으로 타당 성을 검증하였으며, 소형 송수신기 다운링크 및 업링크 전송속도가 각각 9Mbps 이상 및 3Mbps 이상의 성능을 보임을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 커버리지 분석시스템을 활용하여 집중관리구역(0~30km) 및 관심구역(30~50km)에서 각 95% 이상 및 100%의 커버리지를 확인하였다. 본 논문에서 제안한 성능 평가 방안 및 시험 결과는 송수신기의 성능 검증을 위한 참고 자료로 활용되어 정부가 추진하는 바다 내비게이 션 서비스 및 소형 송수신기의 보급 및 확산에 기여할 것으로 기대된다.

PURPOSES : This study aims to identify the thresholds at which various factors affecting traffic crashes lead to actual traffic crashes METHODS : To verify the thresholds, we created scenarios and ran simulations with a combination of factors that affect traffic crashes. Lateral offset and minimum TTC were used to evaluate whether an incident occurred. RESULTS : In the first scenario, the most significant factor affecting traffic crashes is curvature, and it was found that the smaller the curvature(200 meters or less), the greater the deviation from the lane. And in the second scenario, especially the passenger car scenario, no accidents occurred when the curvature was greater than 90 meters and the speed was 40 km/h or less. The smaller the curvature and the higher the speed, the more accidents occurred. Similarly, in the bus scenario, no accidents occurred when the curvature was 120 meters or more and the speed was 30 km/h or less. Also, accidents tended to occur when the curvature was smaller and the speed was higher. CONCLUSIONS : Through this study, we derived the thresholds of factors that influence traffic crashes. The results are expected to help design and operate roads in the future and contribute to reducing traffic crashes.

The grassland section of the greenhouse gas inventory has limitations due to a lack of review and verification of biomass compared to organic carbon in soil while grassland is considered one of the carbon storages in terrestrial ecosystems. Considering the situation at internal and external where the calculation of greenhouse gas inventory is being upgraded to a method with higher scientific accuracy, research on standards and methods for calculating carbon accumulation of grassland biomass is required. The purpose of this study was to identify international trends in the calculation method of the grassland biomass sector that meets the Tier 2 method and to conduct a review of variables applicable to the Republic of Korea. Identify the estimation methods and access levels for grassland biomass through the National Inventory Report in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and type the main implications derived from overseas cases. And, a field survey was conducted on 28 grasslands in the Republic of Korea to analyse the applicability of major issues. Four major international issues regarding grassland biomass were identified. 1) country-specific coefficients by land use; 2) calculations on woody plants; 3) loss and recovery due to wildfire; 4) amount of change by human activities. As a result of field surveys and analysis of activity data available domestically, it was found that there was a significant difference in the amount of carbon in biomass according to use type classification and climate zone-soil type classification. Therefore, in order to create an inventory of grassland biomass at the Tier 2 level, a policy and institutional system for making activity data should develop country-specific coefficients for climate zones and soil types.

본 연구의 목적은 구슬 문양 디자인의 상징성과 의미 및 신라문화와의 연관성, 유리구슬 제조의 제반 여건을 조사 하여 예술성과 기술성이 뛰어난 신라 인면 상감 유리구슬의 신라 자체 제작설을 검증하는 것이다. 연구방법으로는 디자인 분석 이외에 고문헌과 신화, 유리 유물, 유리 및 금속의 생산기술, 실크로드 교차로의 특성 등을 조사하였으 며 홍산문화 유물, 다른 상감 유리구슬의 사례들을 수집하였다. 마한, 부여, 신라인은 구슬을 보배로 삼고 장신구에 애용하였는데, 구슬 속의 인면상 상투와 금관장식, 새와 꽃나무의 모든 디자인 요소가 김알지, 김수로, 박혁거세, 주 몽 등 위인들의 난생설화, 북방의 새 및 신수 숭상 등과 밀접하였고, 디자인 요소와 배치가 신라의 다른 유물에서도 동일하게 표현되고 있음을 확인하였다. 구슬과 인면상의 기원은 홍산문화였으며 하가점하층문화의 고조선 북표에서 는 구슬용 석범이 발견되었다. 또 경주 식리총의 상감 유리구슬과 일본 토간모리 고분의 인면 상감 유리구슬의 출토 는 신라 자체 제작설을 확증시켜주는 것이다. 백제인이 5세기 일본에 유리구슬 제작소를 둔 사실은 신라인이 인도네 시아 자바에도 제작소를 두었음을 의미한다. 신라와 밀접한 관계였던 인도네시아 자바는 신라의 해상실크로드 교차 로, 원석 및 노동력 제공지이고 유리구슬의 소비 지역이나 기원지는 아니었다. 이에 구슬에 대한 신화와 전통을 보유 하고 머리에 상투와 금관을 착용하였으며, 금속 및 상감 기술 등 난이도 높은 기술을 보유했던 신라가 자체 제작한 것이 틀림없다.

In general, systems are developed by repeatedly performing the processes of design, analysis, manufacturing, and performance testing. In particular, systems with temperature, pressure, and flow rate often utilize computational fluid dynamics tools at the design stage. In this paper, we aim to verify the reliability of the analysis results of Solidworks Flow Simulation, which is widely used in heat flow analysis at the design stage. A tube furnace was manufactured, various experiments were performed, and a study was conducted to compare the analysis results. The details of the experiment are as follows. First, an experiment was conducted in which the heater was heated to 900°C without insulating the exposed part of the tube. The detailed contents of the experiment are as follows; - Heating heater and measuring temperature without supplying flow inside the tube, - Tube flow supply (25°C, 15 lpm air) and heater heating/temperature measurement. Second, an experiment was performed in which the exposed part of the tube was insulated (thickness 50 mm) and the heater was heated to 900°C. The detailed contents of the experiment are as follows; - Insulate the outside of the tube except for the flanges at both ends of the tube, and heat the heater and measure the temperature without supplying flow inside the tube. - Insulate the outside of the tube except for the flanges at both ends of the tube, supply flow rate inside the tube (25°C, 15 lpm air) and measure heater heating/temperature. - Insulate the flange of the flow supply section, heat the heater and measure temperature without supplying flow inside the tube. - Insulate the flange of the flow supply section, heat the supply air (277°C, 15 lpm) and measure the temperature using a heating gun without heating the heater. - Insulate the flange of the flow supply section, supply heated air (277°C, 15 lpm) and measure heater heating/temperature. - Insulate the flange of the flow supply section and measure temperature according to heater heating (900°C) and supply temperature (25°C, 277°C 15 lpm). The following results were derived from the experimental and analysis results. - When the exposed part of the tube is insulated, the temperature inside the tube increases and the steady-state power decreases compared to non-insulated. - In areas with insulation, the temperature error between experiment and analysis results is not large. - When flow rate is supplied, there is a large temperature error in experiment and analysis results. - The temperature change after the center of the heater is not large for a temperature change of 15 lpm flow rate. From these results, it can be seen that Solidworks Flow Simulation has a significant difference from the experimental results when there is a flow rate in the tube. This was thought to be because the flow rate acts as a disturbance, and this cannot be sufficiently accounted for in the analysis. In the future, we plan to check whether there is a way to solve this problem.

During PIV (Physical Inventory Verification), the IAEA has been inspecting the CANDU-Type spent fuels using an optical fiber-based scintillation detector. KINAC has developed a new verification instrument to deal with problems of the existing one such as low sensitivity, heavy and large dimension, and inconvenience-in-use. Our previous studies focused on how to develop the new instrument and had not included its performance tests. Field tests were carried out recently at Wolsung unit 4 to evaluate performance of the existing and new instruments. The objective of this paper is to discuss background noise produced in the optical fiber signal cable itself. The verification equipment for the CANDU-type Heavy Water Reactor spent fuels uses a scintillation detector to bond a scintillation material to the end of an optical signal cable. At this time, the radiation signal obtained by a data acquisition system is the signal generated from the scintillator (p-terphenyl organic scintillator) and the optical signal cable ; The signal produced in the optical cable itself is background noise to degrade the spent fuel verification equipment. To characterize the background radiation noise, the spent fuel bundles at Wolsung Unit 4 were measured using the optical fiber cable without the radiation scintillator. This signal is generated by reaction of the optical cable and the radiation emitted from the spent fuel. From experimental results, it was observed that the background noise signal of the optical cable increased as the optical cable went down in the downward direction, because the cable length irradiated by the radiation increased with the optical cable area in the spent fuel storage pool. Difference in the background noise signal was dependent on the location of the vertical direction and the signal of the new optical cable was up to about 5 times higher than that of the existing cable. While, the new cable has the cross-section area about 3.2 times larger than the old cable. Our past studies showed that total signal amplitude – sum of signals generated from the scintillator and optical fiber - of the new verification instrument was at least about 15 times greater than that of the existing one. Considering the total signal and background noise signal, from this measured results, it was confirmed that the scintillator characteristics – in particular, light output and decay time – has a dominant impact on the signal sensitivity of the newly developed instrument. More details will be discussed at the conference.

EU taxonomy requires to solve problems for safe management of radioactive waste and disposal of spent fuel, which is a precondition for growing demand for nuclear power plant. Currently, Korea manages about 18,000 tons of high-level radioactive waste at temporary storage facilities in nuclear power plant sites, but such temporary storage facilities are expected to become saturated sequentially from 2031. Therefore, it is necessary to secure a permanent disposal facility to safely treat high-level radioactive waste. In accordance with the second basic plan for high-level radioactive waste management in 2021, it is necessary to establish requirements for regulatory compliance for the site selection and site acquisition, investigation and evaluation, and construction for the establishment of a deep geological disposal facility. In this study, we analyzed the regulatory policies and cases of leading foreign countries related to deep geological disposal facilities for high-level radioactive waste disposal waste such as IAEA, USA, Sweden, and Finland using data analysis methodology. To analyze a large amount of textbased document data, text mining is applied as a major technology and a verification standard that secures validity and safety based on the regulatory laws described so far is developed to establish a regulatory base suitable for domestic deep geological disposal status. Based on the collected data, preprocessing and analysis with Python were performed. Keywords and their frequency were extracted from the data through keyword analysis. Through the measured frequency values, the contents of the objects and elements to be regulated in the statutory items were grasped. And through the frequency values of words co-occurring among different sections through the analysis of related words, the association was obtained, and the overall interpretation of the data was performed. The results of analyzing regulations of major foreign countries using text mining are visualized in charts and graphs. Word cloud can intuitively grasp the contents by extracting the main keywords of the contents of the regulations. Through the network connection graph, the relationship between related words can be visually structured to interpret data and identify the causal relationship between words. Based on the result data, it is possible to compare and analyze the factors to be supplemented by analyzing domestic nuclear safety case and regulations.

Regulatory agencies require burn-up verification to ensure that dry storage casks using burn-up credit are not loaded with fuel with a reactivity greater than the allowable standard. Accordingly, in preparation for dry storage of SF, the reliability of the burnup was verified and action plans for fuel with confirmed errors were reviewed. Reliability verification was performed by comparing the actual burnup calculated with combustion calculation code (TOTE, ISOTIN) used in NPP and the design burnup calculated with the nuclear design code (ANC). As a result of comparing the differences between actual burnup and design burnup for 7,414 assemblies of SF generated from CE-type NPPs, the average deviation was confirmed to be 0.79% and 220 MWD/MTU. In the CE-type NPPs, no fuel showing large deviations was identified, and it was confirmed that reliability was secured. As a result of comparing the differences in 11,082 assemblies of SF generated from WH-type NPPs, the differences were not large, averaging 1.16% or 422 MWD/MTU. However, fuels showing significant differences were identified, and cause analysis was performed for those fuels. The cause analysis used a method of comparing the burnup of symmetrically loaded fuels in the reactor. For fuels that were not symmetrically loaded, a method was used to compare them with fuels with similar combustion histories. As a result of the review, it was confirmed that the fuel was under- or over-burned compared to symmetrically loaded fuel. For fuels for which clear errors have been identified, we are considering replacing them with the design burnup, and for fuels whose causes cannot be confirmed, we are considering ways to maintain the actual burnup.

As remote sensing measures, satellite imagery has played an essential role in verifying nuclear activities for decades. Starting with the first artificial satellite, Sputnik 1, in 1957, thousands of satellites are currently missioning in space. Since the 2000s, the level of detail in pixels of an image (spatial resolution) has been significantly improving, thereby identifying objects less than one meter, even tens of centimetres. The more things are identifiable, the wider regions become targets for observation. With the increasing number of satellites, computer vision technology is required to explore the applicability of algorithm-based automation. This paper aims to investigate the R&D publications worldwide from the 1990s to the present, which have tried to apply algorithms to verify any clandestine nuclear activities or detect anomalies at the site. The versatile open-source publications, including the IAEA, ESARDA, US-DOE national laboratories, and universities, are extensively reviewed from the perspective of nuclear nonproliferation (or counter-proliferation). Thus, target objects for applications are essentially located in nuclearrelated sites, and the source type of satellite sensors focuses on electro-optical images with high spatial resolution. The research trend over time by groups is discussed with limitations at the time in order to contemplate the role of algorithms in the field and to present recommendations on a way forward.

Any type of nuclear arms control or disarmament agreement requires some form of verification measure. Existing nuclear arms control treaties drew upon previous agreements such as the INF treaty, START, and IAEA nuclear safeguards inspections. However, previous treaties focused on limiting specific types of nuclear weapons and their delivery vehicles or reducing the total number of nuclear weapons rather than eliminating the nuclear enterprise as a whole. A potential nuclear disarmament verification treaty or agreement will depend on the geopolitical environment of the time as well as the national policies and priorities of each signatory state. Although research on the gradual reduction and eventual elimination of nuclear weapons is still ongoing, several states have cooperated to conduct experiments, exercises, and simulations on the procedures and technologies required for nuclear disarmament verification. Three of these efforts are the LETTERPRESS simulation conducted by the Quadrilateral Nuclear Verification Partnership (QUAD), NuDiVe Exercise conducted by the International Partnership for Nuclear Disarmament Verification (IPNDV), and the Menzingen experiment organized by the UNIDIR in partnership with the Swiss Armed Forces, Spiez Laboratory, Princeton University’s Program on Science and Global Security, and the Open Nuclear Network. These contain aspects for the development of a potential nuclear disarmament verification. The LETTERPRESS exercise conducted in 2017 tested potential activities and equipment inspectors might utilize in a nuclear weapon facility. The IPNDV NuDiVe exercises conducted in 2021 and 2022 tested the activities and equipment required for the verified dismantlement of a warhead within a dismantlement facility. Finally, the Menzingen experiment conducted in 2023 tested the practical procedures for the verification of a nuclear weapon’s absence at a storage site. This paper will analyze the three cases to offer considerations on the procedures and technologies future nuclear disarmament verification might include.

본 연구의 목적은 헤어미용전문가의 자기관리가 직무성과 및 미용지속의도에 미치는 영향에 서 자기효능감의 매개검증에 관한 연구이다. 연구대상자는 서울․ 경기지역 헤어미용전문가로 재직하고 있는 미용전문가를 대상으로256명 설문조사하여 분석에 사용하였다. 분석방법은SPSS 28.0, AMOS 28.0 통계 패키지 프로그램을 이용하였고, 수집된 자료의 정규성 검증을 실시하여 평균, 표준편차, 첨도, 왜도 의 기술통계, 확인적 요인분석과 신뢰도분석, 상관관계, 매개효과 분석은 부트스트레핑 기법을 이용하여 분석하였다. 연구의 결과는 헤어미용전문가의 자기관리가 자기효능감, 직무성과, 미용지속의도에 유의한 정의(+)영향을 미쳤다. 헤어미용전문가의 자기효능감이 직무성과, 미용지속의도에 유의한 (+)영향을 미 쳤다. 헤어미용전문가의 자기관리와 직무성과의 관계에서 자기효능감의 매개효과가 있는 것으로 확인 되 었다. 통계적 유의 수준은 p<.05수준으로 설정하여 분석하였다.