This study was conducted to investigate the total polyphenol, total flavonoid and the antioxidant activity in different origin and parts of Moringa olerifera cultivated in Cheorwon. The extraction yield from leaf, root and stem were 25.5, 23.0, 12.3%, respectively. The total polyphenol content was high in the leaf extracts (15.77 mg/g) followed by root extracts (11.23 mg/g) and stem extracts (3.50 mg/g) but the difference of origin was not observed. The total flavonoid content was high in the leaf extracts (14.78 mg/g) followed by stem (1.36 mg/g) and root (1.14 mg/g). The total flavonoid content of Philippines and Thailand leaf were statistically high compared to india leaf. The DPPH radical scavenging activity was high in the leaf extracts at the 1 mg/ml, 0.25 mg/ml but the difference of origin was not observed. The DPPH radical scavenging activity may be attributed to the presence of several compounds such as polyphenol and flavonoid. Hence consumption of diet supplemented with Moringa olerifera leaves could protect the human against diseases induced by oxidative stress.

Hunter's color value “a” in dried-persimmon of table and full ripe fruit was higher than that in unripe fruit. In case of soluble solid content, full ripe fruit was 50o Brix, the highest degree, while unripe fruit was 40o Brix, the lowest degree. PPO activation of unripe fruit was 4.7, which was higher than table-ripe fruit (0.7) and full ripe (1.0). Polyphenol oxidase activation remained even while drying, but there was no difference in PPO activation degree as drying period increased. Total phenol content of unripe fruit was 101.4, which was higher than table-ripe fruit (57.5) and full ripe fruit (67.4). Total phenol content level increased as drying period increased, which was based on fresh weight. Hardness of unripe and table ripe fruit continued to decrease until three weeks during softening. After that, hardness was high and it started drying. However, in full ripe fruit, hardness increased after two weeks and softening was fast during the drying period, and its weight reduction rate was lower than that of unripe and table ripe fruit.

사우디아라비아 북부지역에서 수집된 홍화 총 100자원에 대 한 총폴리페놀 함량 및 항산화 활성을 평가하여 항산화활성이 높은 홍화자원을 선발하고자 연구를 수행하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 총 100자원의 홍화유전자원에 대한 총폴리페놀 함량은 14.2 ± 0.41 μg GAE mg−1dw에서 81.6 ± 1.56μg GAEmg−1dw 까지 분포하였다. DPPH 라디컬 소거능은 1.6 ± 0.07 μg ASC mg−1 dw에서 14.1 ± 0.23 μg ASCmg−1 dw까지 활성을 나 타냈다. ABTS 활성은 34.5 ± 0.70 μg Trolox mg−1 dw에서 156.5 ± 3.06 μg Trolox mg−1 dw까지 평가되었다. 항산화활성 을 측정한 DPPH와 ABTS 활성간에는 상당한 유의성(r = 0.954**)을 보였다. 2. 홍화자원 100자원의 총폴리페놀 함량 및 항산화활성 결 과값에 대한 상호관계를 분석하여 활성이 높은 그룹(Group1)을 얻었다. Group1에 포함된 8개의 홍화자원은 나머지 그룹에 속한 자원들에 비해 항산화활성이 높았으며, 이중 K185841, K185879, K185863은 Group1내의 다른 자원들보다도 항산화 활성이 상당히 높아 홍화육종이나 기능성물질연구에 좋은 소 재가 될 것으로 사료된다.

느타리버섯은 한국사람들에게 인기있는 버섯이며 새송 이버섯, 팽이버섯과 더불어 대부분 많이 재배되어지는 버 섯이다. 느타리버섯의 항산화 효능과 폴리페놀 함량을 비 교 분석하였다. 항산화 효능을 분석한 결과 열수추출에서 는 ASI 2099가 가장 높게 나타났으며, 주정과 메탄올 추 출물에서는 ASI 2122가 가장 높게 나타났다. 폴리페놀 성분은 대부분 7~10 mg/g 이었으며, 추출용매별 함량차 이는 크지 않았다.

영지버섯을 재배하여 자실체를 수확 한 후, 버섯류의 유용성분으로 알려진 베타글루칸과 폴리페놀에대한 성분 함량을 비교 분석하였다. 영지버섯 대부분의 베타글루칸 함량은 15~20%정도 이었다. 상황버섯의 함량 17.5%보다 높게 나온 영지버섯 균주는 8균주로 ASI 7017, 7019, 7022, 7039, 7058, 7069,7071, 7113, 7148이었으며, 그 중 ASI 7017은 19.2%로 가장 높았다. 또한 용매를 달리하여 추출해서 얻은 각각의 폴리페놀 함량은 많게는 10배 이상 차이가 나는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이것은 달리 말하자면각각의 버섯에 맞는 용매를 써야 보다 효율적으로 유용성분이 추출된다는 것을 말해 주는 분석 결과이다.이러한 연구 결과는 좀더 많은 버섯을 비교하여 추후식용 빛 약용버섯류의 기능성 평가를 위한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있다.

To evaluate the antioxidant and potential of Humulus japonicus, total polyphenol and flavonoid content, radical scavenging activities, and antitumor activities were measured. The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of the methanol extracts from Humulus japonicus were 30.13±1.13 and 13.61±0.49 ㎎ gallic acid equivalent/g extract, respectively. DPPH radical and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities of methanol extracts of Humulus japonicus were 60% and 35%, respectively. The Humulus japonicus higher activities of anticancer activities on liver cancer cell lines compared to other cancer cell lines.

In this study, we determined total polyphenol content(TPC) and total flavonoid content(TFC) of extracts from Korean cabbage and cabbage using a spectrophotometric method as well as glucosinolates concentration by HPLC. TPCs of Korean cabbage and cabbage extracts were 308.48 ㎍ GAE/g dry weight and 344.75 ㎍ GAE/g dry weight, respectively. TFCs of Korean cabbage and cabbage extracts were 5.33 ㎍ QE/g dry weight and 5.95 ㎍ QE/g dry weight, respectively. We found six different glucosinolates, namely progoitrin, glucoalyssin, gluconapin, glucobrassicanapin, glucobrassicin and 4- methoxyglucobrassicin in the Korean cabbage extract. In the cabbage extract, there was four glucosinolates, namely glucoraphanin, sinigrin, glucobrassicin and 4-methoxyglucobrassicin. We determined the cytotoxic effect of Korean cabbage and cabbage extracts in AGS human stomach cancer cells, HepG2 human hepatic cancer cells and LNCaP human prostate cancer cells by MTT assay. Dose-dependent relationships were found between the extract concentrations and cancer cell growth inhibition. The overall results support that both Korean cabbage and cabbage, the major vegetables in Korea, contain bioactive compounds such as polypheol, flavonoids as well as glucosinolates and they may play a positive role in cancer prevention.

(‐)‐Epigallocatechin 3‐gallate (EGCG) is a potent antioxidant polyphenol in green tea that acts as an anticancer agent via both direct and indirect pathways. Although the relationship between EGCG’s anticancer effects and its antioxidant activity is not fully understood, it is known that EGCG stimulates production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which induce oxidative stress leading to cell death. In IM9 multiple myeloma cells, EGCG acted in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner to induce apoptotic cell death. Among the antioxidant enzymes expressed in IM9 cells, levels of peroxiredoxin (Prdx) V were selectively and significantly reduced by EGCG. Moreover, the ROS scavenger NAC completely inhibited EGCG‐induced apoptosis and PrdxV reduction, while overexpression of PrdxV, but not a PrdxVC48S mutant, protected IM9 cells from EGCG‐induced apoptosis. EGCG‐induced reductions in cell viability and PrdxV levels were also observed in primary CD138+ multiple myeloma cells from patients. These results suggest that PrdxV is a key target via which EGCG mediates its anticancer effects.

In all living organisms, respiration may lead to oxidative stress, a state where increased formation of reactive oxygen species overwhelms host protection and subsequently induces DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, and protein denaturation. As a phenolic acid, chlorogenic acid occurs ubiquitously in food. It has been proven to have a number of biological effects in vitro and in vivo, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticarcinogenic properties. Therefore, to some extent, chlorogenic acid can promote human health, and hopefully provide new methods for treatment of chronic disease. Recent studies have focused on the antioxidant properties of dietary polyphenols. The in vitro data often conflict with results obtained from in vivo studies on the antioxidant capacity of plasma or the resistance of plasma and lipoproteins to oxidation ex vivo after consumption of polyphenol-rich foods by human subjects. These inconsistencies are likely explained by the limited bioavailability of dietary polyphenols and their extensive metabolism in humans. Polyphenols exert multifaceted actions, and any clinical application using these substances should be based on a precise understanding of the physiologically relevant mechanisms.

The antioxidant, xanthine oxidase, tyrosinase inhibitory activities and polyphenol contents of the fruiting bodies of Pleurotus cornucopae extracted with acetone, hot water and methanol (hereinafter referred to Fr. Ace, Fr. HW and Fr. MeOH). The antioxidant activities in the Fr. Ace, Fr. HW and Fr. MeOH were 93.23%, 89.55% and 92.58%, respectively at the concentration of 2.0 mg/ml. Xanthine oxidase inhibition activity in the Fr. Ace, Fr. HW and Fr. MeOH were 45.84%, 46.50% and 45.60%, respectively at the concentration of 5 mg/ml. Tyrosinase inhibition activity in the Fr. Ace, Fr. HW and Fr. MeOH were 52.11%, 50.12% and 55.81%, respectively at the concentration of 1.0 mg/ml. Total polyphenol contents in the Fr. Ace, Fr. HW and Fr. MeOH were 18.99 mgGAEs/ g, 16.73 mgGAEs/g and 18.66 mgGAEs/g. These experimental results suggested that fruiting bodies of P. cornucopae contained good physio-chemical substances for promoting human health.

Methanol and hot water extracts of Suillus granulatus were investigated for its antioxidant activity, polyphenol content and tyrosinase inhibitory effect. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using 1, 1- dipheny l-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging assay. The antioxidant activities of hot water and 80% methanol extracts of Suillus granulatus fruiting body were 51.49%. and 90.58% at 1.5mg/ml concentration. Total polyphenol content of hot water and 80% methanol extracts were 33.21㎍ GAEs/mg and 27.97㎍ GAEs/mg. Tyrosinase inhibitory activity of water extract was 7.8% while 80% methanol extract was 20.88% at 1mg/ml concentration.

Methanol and hot water extracts of Daedalea bien-nis were investigated for its antioxidant activity, poly- phenol content and tyrosinase inhibitory effect. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using 1, 1-diphenyl -2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging assay. The antioxidant activities of hot water and 80% methanol extracts of Daedalea biennis fruiting body were 52.06%. and 92.62% at 1.5mg/ml concentration. Total polyphenol content of hot water and 80% methanol extracts were 12.26㎍ GAEs/mg and 13.69㎍ GAEs/mg. Tyrosinase inhibitory activity of water extract was 19.70% while 80% methanol extract was 15.75% at 1mg/ml concentration.

The lyophilization of the solution extracted from 60 percent of acetone applied to persimmon leaves, the compounding process in accordance with the solution's concentration, and the gel filteration through Sephadex G-50 of biologically activated substances obstructing enzyme activity, such as tyrosinase, xanthine oxidase, and angiotesin converting enzyme (ACE) led to the assumption that polyphenol was the compound serving as biologically activated substances obstructing enzyme activity. Xanthine oxidase involved in pruine metabolism oxidizes hypoxanthine to xanthine and xanthine to uric acid. In the continuous study for natural compound, nine flavan-3-ols have been isolated from the persimmon leaves. The structures of (+)-catechin, (+)-gallocatechin, procyanidin B-1, pyrocyanidin C-1, prodelphinidin B-3, gallocatechin-(4α→8)-catechin, procyanidin B-7-3-O-gallate, procyanidin C-1-3'-3'-3'-O-trigallate and (-)-epigallocatechin-(4α→8)-epigallocatechin-(4α→8)-catechin were established by NMR and their inhibitory effect on xanthine oxidase activity was investigated. Procyanidin B-7-3-O-gallate, (-)-epigallocatechin-(4α→8)-epigallocatechin-(4α→8)-catechin and procyanidin C-1-3'-3'-3'-O-trigallate showed 94%, 90.69%, 80.90% inhibition at 100 (μ)M and inhibited on the angiotensin converting enzyme respectively. Procyanidin B-7-3-O-gallate and procyanidin C-1-3'-3'-3'-O-trigallate showed 66%, 63% inhibition at 100 (μ)M and inhibited on the xanthine oxidase competitively. Procyanidin C-1-3'-3'-3'-O-trigallate showed 70% inhibition at 100 (μ)M and inhibited on the tyrosinase competitively.

한국산 배로부터 polyphenol 화합물을 분리하여, 기능성 식품으로서의 근거를 제시하고자, 면역기능의 활성화에 관하여 동물실험을 하였다. 배의 polyphenol 화합물이 면역기능에 미치는 영향에 관한 실험에서는 배로부터 분리된 polyphenol 화합물 I, II 및 III에 대하여 Rosette 형성은 배의 polyphenol 화합물 II와 III을 투여한 군에서 분리된 비장과 복강 상재성 마크로파지에서 Rosette 형성능이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 항원 투여 후 혈중의 히스타민을 측정한 결과는 거의 정상군에 가깝게 혈중 histamine 함량을 낮추는 역할을 하였다.

Three potato cultivars, Sumi,Daejima and Namjak, were prepared as slices. They were dipped in distilled water for 20 seconds. The potato slices were packed in polyethylene bags and stored at 5℃. Browning degree, total phenol and chlorogenic acid contents and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity were measured. And the correlation analysis of browning parameters were conducted. The results were as follows. There were increase in browning degree, phenolic content and PPO activity during cold storage of potato slices with different cultivars. Among three cultivars, Sumi showed the highest browning degree, phenolic content and PPO activity and also showed the highest % increse of browning and PPO activity during cold storage. On the contrary, Daejima was the lowest. But Daejima showed the highest % increase in phenolic contents during cold storage. With Sumi, browning degree was significantly correlated with PPO activity and phenolic contents (p〈0.05). With Daejima and Namjak, a significant correlation was found between browning degree and PPO activity (p〈0.05). From the above results, enzymatic browning reactions of potato slices and factors affecting them were dependent on cultivar. Among the tested three cultivars, Daejima showed the lowest browning degree during cold storage and thus seems to be desirable for minimal processing.

밤과실의 가공 및 저장중 갈변기구를 규명하는 일환으로 밤에 함유된 polyphenol 화합물 및 PPO를 분리, 동정하고 PPO의 생화학적 특성에 대해 연구한 결과는 다음과 같다. 밤의 total phenol 함량은 이었고 ferulic acid, caffeic acid, synapic acid, p-coumaric acid, gallic acid, salicylic acid 순으로 함량이 높았다. PPO를 분리, 정제하여 전기영동한 결과 단일의 단백질 및 효소활성밴드를 확인하였으며 정제된 효소의 비활성도는 260.9이고 조효소액보다 11.7배 정제되었다. PPO의 최적 pH와 온도는 각각 5.9, 였으며 효소활성은 에서 15분 처리시 거의 실활되었다. 무기염의 영향을 본 결과 , , 들은 효소활성을 증가시켰으나 , , 는 활성을 저해시켰다. 저해제로는 L-ascorbic acid, thiourea, sodium chloride, L-cysteine의 저해작용이 강했다. 밤의 PPO는 o-diphenol에 대한 강한 활성을 나타냈으며 특히 catech이에 대해 가장 강했으며 monophenol에는 활성을 나타내지 않았다. PPO의 Km값은 catechol에 대해 5mM이었다.