GN01 is a new antiviral medicine acting against Korean Sacbrood virus (KSBV) of honeybees. It contains 5 mg/mL of active ingredient, double stranded RNAs(dsRNA), that homologous to KSBV ribonucleic acid coding coat protein (VP1) of virus and inducing RNA interference (RNAi). RNA medicine is generally recognized as safe for rapid breakage by intrinsic ribonuclease and limited absorption from gastrointestinal tract. However, there were no data of repeat-dose toxicity in laboratory animals for dsRNA targeting SBV. This study was performed to investigate toxicity of GN01 in SD rats after weekly oral dosing for 28 days and to determine its no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL). Male and female SD rats were orally administered with GN01 at 0, 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg bw/day of dsRNA once per week for 28 days (total 5 administrations). The highest dose 100 mg/kg bw/day was determined based on the maximum volume injectable (20 mL/kg bw) via gavage. During treatment period, clinical signs, functional and sensory responses, body weights, food and water consumption, ophthalmological findings and urinalysis were investigated. After treatment period, hematological and clinical biochemistry tests and examination of necropsy findings, organ weights and histopathological lesions were performed. There were no significant differences between all test groups and vehicle control group in all measured parameters. Therefore, the NOAEL of GN01 was determined 100 mg/kg bw/day, the highest dose administered. In conclusion, repeated oral administration of GN01, a dsRNA medicinal product, is safe even at the maximum available dose in rats.
The honey bee, Apis mellifera, has a defense system, including detoxification, antioxidation, and immunity pathways, against external stimulation such as chemicals, stress, and pathogens. However, pesticides, particularly neonicotinoids and butenolids, have been recently reported to alter physiological changes in honey bee. In this study, we investigated the expression levels of eight genes categorized into detoxification (CYPQ3), antioxidation (CAT and SOD2), and immune system (Abaecin, Apidaecin, Defensin1, Defensin2, and Hymenoptaecin), in five tissues (Head, Thorax, Gut, Fat body, and Carcass) of honey bee treated with three pesticides (Acetamiprid, Imidacloprid, and Flupyradifurone) using quantitative real-time PCR. Gene expression patterns was varied depending on the type of pesticides and tissues. However, among eight genes, the expression levels of CYPQ3 was notably induced, but those of AMPs were generally reduced by all pesticides tested in this study in five tissues. These suggest that CYPQ3-mediated detoxification pathway is induced, but AMP-mediated immune system might be disrupted when honey bee is exposed to neonicotinoids and butenolid.
In recent years, young Chinese consumers have become more favorably inclined toward products relating to traditional culture. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a textile design that incorporates traditional Chinese patterns and cultural symbolism that will appeal to consumers from the MZ generation (millennials and Generation Z). Through a literature search for traditional Chinese patterns and symbols regarded as auspicious, our design concept and motives were established. We selected peony, lotus, and frog motifs as representative of a “wealth and eternal prosperity” design theme. In textile design work 1, we used hand drawing and watercolor techniques, color transformation with Adobe Photoshop, and colorway and end-use 3D simulation with TexPro. The 3D simulation work suggests that this textile pattern is suitable for women’s outerwear, mufflers, and tote bags. Textile design work 2 conveyed the ‘wealth and eternal prosperity’ design theme and had a graceful mood that embodied the nobility of the lotus flower whilst also encompassing the symbolism of money and status. The end design is a modern reinterpretation of traditional Chinese patterns and motifs. As such, it is hoped that it will satisfy the needs of young consumers for cultural values yet offer a unique new aesthetic distinct from existing textile designs. These qualities can be expected to enhance the competitive market value of textiles bearing this design.
This research intends to examine whether these types of data – behavioral versus social networking data – affect consumer response to personalized ads. With the advancement in technology, marketers have access to various types of personal data, including their online/offline behaviors and social networking activities, and use those data to retarget consumers. Moreover, this research examines the moderating role of SNS privacy concerns on consumer response to different types of retargeted ads. The findings of this research may offer theoretical and practical implications to understand consumers' responses to retargeted ads that use social networking information.
Name is an individual symbol in human society. It is not only a language symbol, but also the crystallization of the history and culture of various countries. In recent years, with the increasingly frequent exchanges between China and South Korea, more and more Chinese people are influenced by the “Korean Wave” and choose to study in South Korea. A proper Korean name can help international students learn Korean better, understand Korean culture, and adapt to Korean life and so on. Both China and South Korea belong to “the Cultural Sphere of Chinese Characters”. In the past, when Chinese names were translated into Korean, most of them chose Korean symbols corresponding to Chinese characters, but now they are marked according to the “Loanword orthography”. But in fact, this is not binding, and can not be well observed. Foreigners’ Korean names have always translation mixed. This paper investigates and analyzes the preference of Korean name forms used by 211 international students of P University in Busan. The result is that China and South Korea are both belong to Chinese cultural circles. When naming Chinese students, it is not necessary to mark according to the Loanword orthography like translating the names of European and American. At the same time, cultural factors should also be considered for translation.
본 연구는 교정 시설에 수감되어 있는 청소년 범죄자들을 대상으로 한 내면의 아이 프로그램 연구이다. 본 연구에는 12명의 교정시설 재소자 청소년들이 참여했다. 연구 자는 내면의 아이 개념에 근거하여 8회기 프로그램으로 구성하였고 이를 실시했다. 그리고 연구 참여자들의 물고기 가족화와 자기 그림책을 분석했다. 연구 결과에 의하 면 물고기 가족화는 가족 관계의 역동을 성찰하게 하고 상처받은 내면의 아이를 발견 할 기회가 되었고 자기 그림책은 내면의 아이를 스스로 치유하겠다는 동기 부여의 계 기가 된 것으로 판단된다. 연구 결과에 근거하여 내면의 아이 발견과 자기치유 능력, 변화에 대해 논의를 했다.
The fourth Industrial Revolution, known as digital transformation, has made MZ generation to be the focus of the new consumer market, brought about the use of technological platforms a new consumption method. Currently, as various types of content collaboration are emerging that specifically targeting at the MZ generation. Content collaboration are considered an integration of content to create new values through co-existence and co-prosperity. This study identified the characteristics of collaboration of fashion brands from 2018 using literature and online news articles, and identified and classified through case studies of it determined movie content, game and virtual characters. By this research, it shown that collaboration with movie contents have increased the collaborative synergy by using the story in global media content. Collaboration with mobile games was generally used by young casual and sportswear brands. These brands which utilized characters from mobile games popular with to attract more teen consumers and strengthen brand awareness by adding values of high-technology and scarcity to the familiar images. In addition, collaboration with virtual characters has expanded value of the collaborative approach on expanding the range of advanced digital technology, from a promotional strategy during the distribution process through to the use of virtual models. As such, collaboration using the various types of content has developed beyond simple integration of identities among various areas, integrated products or brands that as a new value.
Resveratrol has been reported to exert anticancer activity via modulation of multiple pathways and genes. In this study, we examined the effect of resveratrol on YD-10B human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells and its molecular mechanisms of action. We found that resveratrol inhibited the proliferation of YD-10B cells in a dose- and timedependent manner. The suppressive effect of resveratrol was accompanied by a reduction in Bmi-1 gene expression. We observed that silencing the Bmi-1 gene by small interfering RNA effectively downregulated the levels of GLUT1 mRNA and protein, which were also repressed by resveratrol. Bmi-1 silencing increased the number of YD-10B cells in S-phase arrest by approximately 2.3-fold compared with the control. In conclusion, the results of the present study demonstrate, for the first time, that resveratrol suppresses Bmi-1-mediated GLUT1 expression in human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells and suggest that the specific molecular targeting of Bmi-1 and/or GLUT1 expression can be combined with a chemotherapeutic strategy to improve the response of oral cancer cells to resveratrol.
This study evaluated methods of improving sustained learning participation by examining the structural relationship of school support consisting of professor support, friend-senior support and educational environment support, career decisionmaking self-efficacy, school satisfaction, and learning persistence depending on the characteristics of college students majoring in culinary art and food service. The study findings were as follows. First, the general characteristics of college students majoring in culinary art and food service were perceived significantly more by female students than by male students. Second, school support directly influenced the career decision-making self-efficacy and school satisfaction, but did not directly influence the learning persistence. Instead, school support influenced school satisfaction and learning persistence indirectly by the medium of career decision-making self-efficacy. Third, career decision-making self-efficacy directly influenced school satisfaction and learning persistence and indirectly influenced learning persistence by the medium of school satisfaction. Lastly, school satisfaction directly influenced the learning persistence, implying that school satisfaction is an important factor for the learning persistence of college students majoring in culinary art and food service. These results show that, because school members and environmental support cannot exclusively make learning persistence, diverse systems and programs must be developed and applied to improve the career decision-making self-efficacy and school satisfaction of college students majoring in culinary art and food service.
본 연구는 대구광역시를 대상으로 하여 도시림의 방문특성을 분석하고, 도시림의 양적 수준, 접근성, 관리수준, 도시림의 기능 등이 도시림의 방문의사에 미치는 영향을 구명하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 이를 위해 대구시민을 대상으로 한 설문조사를 통해 실증적 자료를 수집하였으며, 빈도분석, 상관분석, 요인분석, 다중회귀분석 등을 통해 분석하였다. 분석결과, 대구시민들은 1년에 한 번 이상(30.8%)이상 가족(41.4%)이나 친구/동료(39.4%)와 함께 주로 자동차(50.7%)를 이용해 도시림을 방문하며, 체재시간은 2-6시간 정도(52.8%)인 것으로 나타났다. 도시림이 대부분 도시외곽지역에 분포하기 때문에 자동차를 통해 방문하며, 체재시간이 다소 긴 것으로 해석된다. 도시림 방문의사에 영향을 미치는 요인 중 도시림의 기능(건강증진)에 대한 평가값(3.91)이 높게 나타났으며, 전반적으로 도시림이 가지는 물리적·환경적·휴양적 기능에 대해 긍정적으로 평가하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 두 변수들 간의 관계에서는 방문의사는 도시림의 관리수준(0.463), 건강증진 기능(0.416), 정서적 안정감(0.414), 도시림의 양적수준(0.407)과 비교적 높은 상관관계를 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 도시림 방문의사에 영향을 미치는 요인에 대한 분석 결과, 접근성(0.322), 도시림의 관리수준(0.188), 양적 수준(0.124) 순으로 방문의사에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 도시림의 기능에 대한 요인분석 결과 환경적 기능(0.324), 조절적 기능(0.246), 휴양적 기능(0.199)의 순으로 방문의사에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과를 통해 생활권 내 쉽게 접근할 수 있는 도시림의 확보와 유지관리가 중요함을 확인 할 수 있었으며, 최근 도시 환경문제의 악화와 함께 도시림의 환경적 기능이 도시림 방문의사에 미치는 영향이 크다는 점을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구는 도시민 전체를 대상으로 하여 일반적인 도시림의 방문특성과 방문의사에 미치는 영향요인을 구명하고, 도시림이 가지는 환경적 기능, 휴양적 기능, 조절적 기능을 수요자 측면에서 평가했다는 점에서 의의가 있다. 또한 기존 연구와 달리, 도시림 방문의사를 통해 도시림을 평가했으며, 도시림의 방문의사와 도시림의 양적 수준, 접근성, 관리수준, 도시림의 기능 간의 관계를 구명했다는 점에서 차별성이 있다.