近年来，世界经济和各国能源需求的日益扩大，石油逐渐取代煤成为世界航运市场上主要的能源货运物资。还有随着船舶运输业的蓬勃发展，船舶尤其是油船在正常运营或发生碰撞事故时泄露的油类物质对海洋环境的污染日趋严重。特别是沿海地区的海洋环境遭受污染，将对国家经济以及沿海的养殖业造成无法估计的经济损失。随着石油消费量的持续增加，2012年3月18日中国商务部部长陈德铭说，占世界人口19%以上的中国目前已经成为世界第二大进口国。未来几年，中国将成为世界第一大进口国，成为国际上最大的市场。中国作为石油进口大国，船舶油污染事故的发生，使人民生命财产和海洋环境遭受了重大的损失。由于中国相关立法的不完备，受害人在遭受损失后的合法权益难以得到及时有效的救济，赔偿主体的不明确、赔偿金额低等立法和实践中的困境使得船舶油污损害赔偿这一重要的海事法律制度在中国显得有些薄弱。本文中将对中国现行的船舶污染损害赔偿法律制度和法律适用中的问题进行考察，并提出相应的改善方案。

Crude oil and petroleum-based products have been used and shipped worldwide in large supertanker ships by international companies. Accidents happen and massive amounts of crude oil or refined crude oil product have caused serious pollution the coastal regions in different places around the world. When a large spill occurs, the company that owns the ship is legally liable and must pay for cleaning the spilled area. This study addresses the problems China is facing with adapting international conventions regarding oil spill compensation funds. China lacks appropriate laws for oil spill compensation. If a large scale incident occurred, China lacks standardized laws to address environmental effects to multiple provinces. The different laws regarding oil spill compensation must cooperate with international conventions and domestic regulations to ensure rapid response after an incident that affects Chinese coastline and sea water. Pollution is currently a big issue for China. Without changes in the oil spill compensation laws, polluted coastal regions would have difficulty securing the funds for containment and environmental restoration.

Ⅰ. 序 论
Ⅱ. 中国船舶污染损害赔偿法律制度的现况
Ⅲ. 中国船舶污染损害赔偿的法律适用问题
Ⅳ. 中国船舶污染损害赔偿法律制度的改善方向
Ⅴ. 结 论

• 昌新娟(嘉泉大学校，法学研究所，研究员) | Chang, Xin Juan