A Legal and Historical Study on Monopoly Regulation And Fair Trade Act
공정거래법의 법과 역사적 고찰 한국 공정거래법의 입법적 변천 과정을 법과 역사의 관점에서 볼 때, 과연 바람직한 위상을 갖추었느냐의 문제는 향후 우리나라 공정거래의 법질서가 어떻게 어떤 모습으로 정착되는가에 따라 그 평가가 달라질 수 있다.우리 법은 1981년 제정이후 2011년 현재까지 타법개정으로 인한 재개정을 제외하고 15차례의 일부 또는 전부개정이 있었다. 그 중 1986년 제1차 개정과 1990년 전부개정을 제외하고는 모두 1992년 이후에 이루어진 것으로 이는 우리 나라 공정거래법의 역사가 1990년대 이후 매우 가변적이었고, 불안정하였음을 뜻한다. 이는 입법기술적 측면에서 cooling-off의 결여이고 정치적 협상에 의한 입법의 정치화현상이거나 그 침전물로의 전략이라고 생각한다. 잦은 법개정이 수범자의 예측가능성을 박약케 함은 당연한 역설이다.우리 나라 규제완화 정책의 역사적 전개과정을 ①규제강화기(해방-1979년)②규제완화도입기(1980년-1987년)③규제완화확장기(1988년-1992년)④규제완화인프라형성기(1993년-1997년)⑤규제개혁시스템정착기(1998년-2002년)⑥규제개혁성숙기/과잉규제완화기(2008년이후)로 분류하는 견해가 있다. 그러나, 당해 분류는 우리 나라 공정거래법의 역사적 위치를 오로지 규제완화정책 측면에서만 관찰한 것으로 보인다.기능적 측면에서 우리 나라 공정거래법 법과 역사를 제조명해보면 공정거래법 前史시기와 신규제정은 규제기반조성(강화)단계로 보아야 할 것이며, 우리 나라 공정거래법은 현재 2 단계인 규제조정(완화)시기를 거쳐 이제는 규제구조 고도화단계에 진입했다고 하여야 할 것이다.결론적으로, 한국공정거래법의 역사적 전개과정 속에서 한국적 독점의 특수성을 고려한 법적 기준을 명확히 계량화하고 법집행의 누수현상을 예방하는 연성적 입법화를 촉구되어야 할 것이다.
It is necessary to judge from historical point of view.The Korean Monopoly Regulation And Fair Trade Act was enacted on December 31, 1980 as Act No. 3320, in order to encourage creative enterprising activities, to protect the consumers, and to strive for a balanced development of the national economy by preventing any abuse of market-dominating positions by enterprises and any excessive concentration of economic power, by regulating undue collaborative acts and unfair trade practices, and by promoting fair and free competition. The purpose of this Act is to promote fair and free competition, to thereby encourage creative enterprising activities, to protect consumers, and to strive for balanced development of the national economy by preventing the abuse of market-dominating positions by enterprises and the excessive concentration of economic power, and by regulating undue collaborative acts and unfair trade practices.The contents of this Act are as follows : A market-dominating enterpriser shall be prohibited against committing any act of abusing his market dominating position, such as the act of unreasonably determining the price, the act of unreasonably controlling the sale of commodities or provision of services, the act of unreasonably interfering with the business activities of other enterprisers, the act of unreasonably impeding the participation of new competitors, the act of effecting unreasonably transactions in order to exclude competitive entrepreneurs, or an act that might considerably harm the interests of the consumers, and a punitive surcharge shall be imposed in case of any violation.In order to prevent any act of practically suppressing competition, such act of combining enterprises either directly or by using a special interest as acquiring or owning stocts of other companies, merging with other companies, or effecting the concurrent holding of an officer’s position in another company by own or employee shall be prohibites. And enterprises that are prohibites from the act of combining enterprises are classified into enterprise group subject to the limitations on mutual contribution, enterprises group subject to the limitations on gross amount of investment, and enterprise group subject to the limitations on debt guarantees by the form of the enterprises.A company that belongs to an enterprise group subject to the limitations on mutual contribution or an enterprise group subject to the limitations on gross amount of investment may not acquire or own stocks of another domestic company.When a company that belongs to an enterprise group subject to the limitations on mutual contribution or an enterprise group subject to the limitations on gross amount of investment intends to conduct a transactions of funds at or exceeding a certain level or transactions in asserts, such as stocks and bonds or immovable assets, with a person with a person with a special interest in the company in question, the company shall be in advance put it to a resolution by the board of directors and announce it publicly.Conclusinally, it is necessary to survey the new angle on the problem of anti-trust.