조지아는 지형학적으로 기후대가 아주 다양하게 분포함에 따라 생물다양성이 풍부한 국가이다. 조지아 종자 유전자원은 구 소련시절 러시아 바빌로프생물산업연구소에서 보존되어 오다 독립하면서 육종가들이 육종재료로 활용하기 위하여 개별로 냉장고에 보존하고 있다, 영양체 유전자원은 구 소련시절 수집 및 도입된 자원 중 과수자원은 배262 품종과 사과 147품종을 보존한 이후 1969년 사과 495품종과 배 200품종 등을 수집 보존하였고, 현재 조지아 농업대학에서 포도 유전자원은 지금까지 조지아 지역에 시험장, 농가 등에 산재되어 있던 약 2,664점을 1968년 이후 보존 관리하면서 육종 및 재배 등 연
구를 수행하고 있다.
조지아는 과수유전자원 뿐만 아니라 종자유전자원과 마늘, 감자 등 영양체유전자원도 풍부하다. 조지아는 밀, 보리, 옥수수, 해바라기, 감자 등을 많이 생산하고 있고, 강낭콩 등 두류작물 생산도 높은 편인데, 대부분 재배작물들이 조지아 재래종이다. 따라서 종자자원 등 1년생작물의 유전자원의 확보도 기후대가 다양한 이 나라에서 확보하는 것은 가치 있는 일이다. 또한 다양한 채소류 작물도 많은 량이 재배되고 있는데, 채소류 유전자원이 부족한 우리나라는 이 나라에서 재래종 자원을 확보하여 이용한다면 다양한 채소자원 육종연구에 활용할 수 있을 것이다.

Georgian academy of agricultural science in 2007 was established for conservation of the biological diversity and genetic resources such as grapevines and orchard trees in field, Georgia has very rich biodiversity because it is spread geomorphologically regions which have very diverse climate character. Among the perennial crops, Georgia is one of the origin countries on grapevine. The other crops such as tea, citrus, pome fruits, stone fruits and nuts are rich in diversity. Although Georgia is abundant in wild type plants and local varieties, they do not have any facility for their conservation. Some seed genetic resources were kept in facility of N. I. Vavilov Research Institute of Plant Industry, Russian Federation. The main annual crops are wheat, barley, corn, sunflower, potato, vegetables and bean, etc. Since 2007, with the issue of the national regulations on genetic resources management, the conservation of plant genetic resources (PGR) for food and agriculture has been considered a national task. During the last 7 years, activities in all the areas of PGR conservation and sustainable use were promoted. The most significant achievements however were obtained in the area of ex situ conservation with the establishment of the National Genebank and of ex situ collections of various crops maintained by the National Network member institutions distributed all over the country. The total number of accessions for ex situ conservation were over 25,000 in Georgia. The characterization and information of genetic resources were also expanded. All the around 4,000 accessions maintained in the National field Genebank were characterized and preliminarily evaluated, and a database containing all the relevant information was developed, maintained and shared using Excel sheet. Each year over 3.000 germplasm accessions were accessed for different purposes. Attention to in situ conservation was also increased during the last years. Different projects were conducted with increased number of on-farm conservation sites and participation with increased number of local crop varieties recovered and re-introduced into production. Some varieties with special quality has been developed and registered. Nevertheless, there are still important weakness in all the active areas, namely poor storage facility and inadequate evaluation of the ex situ collections, limited participation and lack of methodology for in situ conservation, lack of supportive policies, limited human and financial source etc.To introduce a plant genetic resources from PRC in Georgia, it should need to conduct cooperative research between Korea and Georgia on characterization as well as collection and management of local crop in Georgia.

조지아 농업현황
 조지아 과수유전자원의 관리현황
  과수유전자원의 보존 및 관리 현황
  식물 유전자원 관리에 중요한 과제
 고 찰
 적 요
 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
 REFERENCES

• 손은호(농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원) | Eunho Son
• 박홍재(농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원) | Hong Jae Park Corresponding author
• 이명철(농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원) | Myung Chul Lee
• 이정로(농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원) | Jung Ro Lee
• 정종욱(농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원) | Jong-Wook Chung