To examine the in-place strength development of concrete of nuclear containment structures with the wall thickness of 1200 mm, mock-up wall specimens were prepared. For maturity evaluation, the temperature rise in the wall specimens owing to hydration heat of cementitious materials was also measured. The in-place strength of concrete was measured using core specimens collected at different locations of mock-up walls. Test results showed that in-place compressive strength development was 1.5 times higher than the strength measured from the standard cylinders. This indicates the maturity effect is needed to be considered in predicting the compressive strength development of concrete in mass structures.