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For a long time, Chinese characters have been considered merely as a tool for recording the spoken language. However, in certain contexts, Chinese characters can also convey trans-glossematic information, e.g. information incompatible with the character that is used to record its glosseme can be conveyed by some component of the character or simply by the form of the character; information that is not within the semantic category of the corresponding glosseme can be conveyed by an altered character. In fact, Chinese characters, consisting of a set of plane symbols, function as a self-contained whole, which work well with the Chinese language and keep their own features at the same time. Because of this trans-glossematic communication function, Chinese characters are not a mere copy of the Chinese language. On the contrary, they can convey messages on their own when needed.
This trans-glossematic function is determined by the origin and structural features of Chinese characters. In the very beginning, the lack of correspondence between characters and glossemes, as well as the principle of representing an object by a character form that resembles it, influenced the way people understood and used the characters. The structural feature of Chinese characters, i.e. the planar composition of the characters, has rendered the alternation of characters and the separation of components possible. Therefore, there are a diversity of ways to express meaning with Chinese characters: by using just the form of a character, piecing or separating components, re-analyzing characters, adding or reducing strokes, moving strokes, or altering character forms.
Expression through the use of character forms and structures is a special rhetorical device. Here we call it the rhetoric of Chinese characters.
长期以来，人们认为记录汉语是汉字存在的唯一价值，其实汉字在一定语言环境下能够表达超语符的信息：如以字符的构件表示某些跟字符所记语符不对应的信息，以字符的外形表示非对应语符的信息，以变异的字形表示对应语符之外的信息等。这充分说明汉字作为平面符号，是一个自足的系统，具有跟汉语相适应的一面，也具有一些自身特有的功能，可以超越记录的对应语符而发挥交际作用，所以汉字并非汉语的翻版，汉字可以在需要的时候独立表达信息。汉字能够具有超语符功能，是由它的来源和结构特点决定的。起源阶段字符跟语符的不对应性，以及字形直接表达事物的相似原则，影响着人们理解汉字和使用汉字的意识和行为，汉字的平面组合性结构特点给汉字的变异使用和构件拆分表达超语符信息提供了可能和经验启示，所以无论是借用汉字的外形，还是离合构件、重构理据，或者是增减笔画、移动置向、改变形态，都可以成为表情达意的手段。利用汉字的形体和结构来协助语言表情达意，仍然属于语言交际的范畴，是一种特殊的修辞方式，即“汉字修辞”。
1. Using components to convey trans-glossematic information
1.1. Components hidden in characters to convey non-glossematic information
1.2. Components in chain of glossemes to express non-glossematic information
2. Use the character form to convey trans-glossematic information
2.1. Use the character form to describe the shape of an object
2.2. Borrow Characters to indicate the attribute of physically-similar objects
3. Alter the normal form to convey trans-glossematic information
3.1. Changing the font and the size
3.2. Reversing the character
3.3. Adding or reducing strokes of Chinese characters
3.4. Altering the shapes of Chinese characters
3.5. Integrated transformation
Postscript
References
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