The main factor of biodiversity decline in major biological populations around the world is invasion of alien species. To protect native species, it is necessary to manage alien species. Recently, to eradicate ecosystem disturbance caused by alien species in Korea, many efforts have been made to capture individuals using nets and purchase captured individuals. However, there is no standard for classifying species due to the form of nest site or external characteristics of eggs of freshwater turtles. Thus, Mauremys reevesii eggs might be discarded due to mistaking as eggs of alien turtles. Based on more data, this study aims to compare and analyze external differences among eggs of Trachemys scripta elegans, Pseudemys concinna, and M. reevesii and use them as reference materials in the process of eradicating alien turtles. This study measured characteristics of eggs of the three turtle species. As a result of comparison, all variables of external characteristics of alien turtles and M. reevesii eggs showed significant differences. The shape of egg was also different, with eggs of T. scripta elegans and P. concinna showing a bicone shape and those of M. reevesii showing an ellipsoid shape. In conclusion, based on results of previous studies and the present study, eggs of M. reevesii, T. scripta elegans, and P. concinna are different in shape and structure. Thus, it is possible to distinguish between M. reevesii and invasive alien turtle using their eggs.

In this study, the morphology and antioxidant content of shiitake mushrooms (Lentinula edodes) cultivated in smart farms and general farms have been compared. With regard to morphology, mushrooms produced in the smart farm system exhibited a slightly thicker and wider pileus and thicker and longer stipe than those in the general farm system. The stipe in the mushrooms from moderate-sized farms was harder, because the low relative humidity of cultivation rooms could induce mushroom tissue to harden. With regard to the antioxidant content, the free radical scavenging activity was evaluated by the DPPH assay. Among the various treatments, hot water extracts of freeze-dried shiitake produced from smart farms exhibited the highest DPPH value of 37.8%. In contrast, the lowest activity of 12.2% was observed in a 70% fermented alcohol extract of shiitake that was dried by hot air. The polyphenol content was higher in hot water extracts than in 70% fermented alcohol extracts. Additionally, the polyphenol content was higher in the freeze-dried samples than in hot-air dried ones. The smart-farm system was preferred over the general cropping system for cultivating shiitake mushrooms, because the antioxidant activity and polyphenol content of mushrooms from the smart-farm system was better; the functionality of this system was more improved than that of the general cropping system, and it enables mushrooms to be cultivated more efficiently. The antioxidant content is represented as the mean±SD of three replicates. Different letters indicate significant differences among samples, i.e., p<0.05.

The purpose of this study is to review the concept and thinking structure of deconstruction theoretically and thereupon, analyze the visual beauty and wearable comfort of the clothing and further, discuss the aesthetic characteristics and values of the decentering phenomenon in the 21st century fashion. Deconstruction provides for an cognitive framework whereby we could comprehensively review the difficult-to-understand and imprudent creativity unravelling in the name of the post-modernism as well as the ambiguous visual beauty and wearable comfort of our contemporary fashion. In particular, deconstruction refuses such concepts involving the relationship between the conventional clothing and its components as order, symmetry, balance, harmony, perfection and simplicity and instead, attaches some sense of value to such relatively inferior concepts as disorder, asymmetry, unbalance, disharmony, imperfection and complexity, and thus, reflects them in the modes of aesthetic representations to create new aesthetics and expand the expressive potential.

한국 고추 주산단지에 '금탑', '부강' 품종을 1998년과 1999년에 재배하여 4회에 걸쳐 홍고추를 수확하였다. 고추의 과장, 과중, 건물율을 조사하고 색도를 분석한 후 고추 생육기간 동안의 지역별 온도 강우량 일조시간의 기상여건과 상관을 살펴보았다. 고추는 초기수확보다 후기로 갈수록 과장이 짧아지고, 과중은 가벼워지는 경향을 보였다. 두 품종간의 특성은 뚜렷한 차이를 보였으나 연도별 차이는 크지 않았다. 건물율은 수확시기가 늦어질수록 높아졌으며, 고추의 붉은색 비교를 위한 a×L값은 조사에서는 수확시기가 늦어질수록 높아지는 경향이 나타났다. 기상여건과 고추 과실 생장과의 상관관계를 살펴보면, 과장은 수확 전의 적산온도와 양의 상관이 있었다. 과중은 강우량과 수확직전의 적산온도와 상관이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 건물율은 수확 전 온도와 음의 상관을, 일조량과 양의 상관을 보였다. 붉은색 정도는 생육기간의 강우량과 음의, 일조와는 양의 높은 상관이 있었으며, 결정계수(r3)도 모든 외적품질 중 가장 높게 나타났다.

유통 시판 중인 육포류를 수집하여 외형 상태, 성분 배합 및 첨가물 이용 상태, 영양 조성분 및 위생적인 상태를 조사, 분석하여 품질수준을 평가하였다. 1. 원료는 수입우육 국내 제조품에서, 형태는 strips형이, sealing은 무진공 상태, 포장 재료는 nylon/polyethylene 적층 필름이 많았으며, 돈육포류는 국내산 원료육으로만 제조되고 있었다. 2. 조미·배합물과 첨가물 사용은 우육포류에서 국내산 육포류 16종, 수입육 국내 제조육포류 23종, 수입육포류 22종이며, 돈육 육포류는 13종으로 나타내었다. 수분 함량은 수입 우육포류에서, 조단백질 함량은 수입 우육포류와 돈육포류에서, 조지방은 돈육포류에서 각각 높았으며 조회분은 육포류간에 유사한 함량 수준을 보였다. 3. 염도는 3차 측정 평균값으로서 수입 우육포류가 높았으며 국내산 우육포류가 낮았다. pH 범위는 5.41 ~ 6.11 사이로 수입 우육포류가 약간 높고, 국내산 우육포류가 낮게 보였다. 수분활성도는 돈육포류가 평균 0.743으로 높고, 국내산 우육포류가 가장 낮게 나타내었다. 4. VBN값은 육포류에서 평균 9.98 ~ 12.36 mg% 범위로서 국내산 돈육포류가 가장 낮았고, TBA값은 육포류에서 평균 0.239 ~ 0.367 mg/kg으로 수입육 국내제조 우육포류가 높네 나타내고 국내산 돈육 포류가 낮은 수준이었다.

본 연구는 한국인들이 선호하는 열차용 시트 디자인에 대한 감성특성을 파악하고 이를 실제 디자인으로 구체화하고자 실시되었다. 시트 디자인의 감성평가를 위해 형용사들을 추출하였고, 이를 이용하여 한국인들이 기대하는 열차용 시트 디자인의 감성특성을 조사하였다. 여기서 추출된 감성특성을 실제 디자인으로 보다 쉽고 구체화시키기 위하여, 특징적인 시트 디자인들을 시각적인 그림으로 제시하고, 각각에 대한 감성특성 및 선호도 평가를 실시하였다. 이러한 결과들을 종합하여 선호되는 시트 디자인의 감성특성과 이러한 감성특성과 관련을 가지는 실제 디자인 특징에 대하여 분석하였다. 이를 토대로 새로운 시트들을 디자인하여 2차 디자인 평가를 실시하였고, 가장 선호되었던 디자인을 최종 디자인 대안으로 결정하였다.

Yin and Yang are a general idea to understand phenomenon and human body. Specially in medicine, the principle of Yin and Yang is clinical and positive. As the principle of Yin and Yang, the human body can be seperated two parts; male-female, upward-downward, front-rear, left-right, interior-exterior, inside-outside and heat-cold, input-output, contraction-relaxation, hard-soft, active-pasive, weekness-strong and old-young, white-black, fat-lean, high-low, long-short, spirit-body. But, Yin and Yang are facing and interchanging each other. Summaries of a study on the means of yin and yang in Naekyoung and Waekyung chapter of DongEuiBoKahm are as follows. 1. Yin and Yang represent Objects . They represent natural phenomena; for example the situation of weather and time is expressed by them. . They represent urinary organ, anus, genital organ. . They represent the five viscera and the six entrails and their functions. . They represent male and female. . They represent fat and lean. 2. Activity and Inactivity are represented by Yin and Yang. ；They mean increasing of temperature by activity and decreasing of temperature by inactivity. . They mean the movement and activity of Ki 3. Yin expresses formation and Yang expresses functions. . Ki and it's functions are expressed by Yin and Yang. . Body fluid, blood and fundamental nutrition are expressed by Yin and Yang ；Organic system of human body and functions of organs are expressed by Yin and Yang. 4. The directions in human body and direction of Ki are expressed by Yin and Yang ；Inside and Outside of human body are expressed by Yin and Yang. . Emission and contraction is expressed by Yin and Yang. ․Upper and lower side of human body are separated by Yin and Yang. ․Upward and downward flow of Qi is expressed by Yin and Yang. . They represent KyungNak, YoungKi, WeKyung.a

방울토마토의 수경재배시 과실의 외형형질을 비파괴적으로 추정하고, 이를 검정하였다. ‘Chelseamini’와 ‘뽀뽀’에 비해 ‘Minicarol’의 외형상의 크기(과장, 과폭, 과중, 과실부피)가 특히 작았다. 토마토 과실의 외형형질 간에는 고도의 상관이 인정되어 과실의 생장은 길이생장과 부피생장과 균형있게 이루어지는 것으로 나타났다. 과실의 체적 및 무게는 다음 식으로 추정 가능하였다. 과실의 체적=0.071×(과장+과폭)3＋0.451, 과실의 무게 =0.072×(과장+과폭)3＋0.542. 1993-1994년에 수확한 과실도 이 식으로 설명되었다.

Robot ALICE@ERICA is a service robot developed to receive donations and to provide information services. ALICE@ERICA stands for Artificial Learning Intelligence robot for Culture and Entertainment at ERICA. In order to achieve the specific purpose of receiving donations, proper appearance design, appropriate movement and good communication skills are required in terms of HRI. In this paper, we introduce three strategies for developing robots to receive donations effectively. The first is to design a robot that makes people feel intimacy, the second is to approach only one of several people as a donor, and finally the donor communicates with video contents and voice recognition. A survey was conducted on the person who showed the reaction after the robot donated money in public places. Based on the survey results, it is proved that the method presented in this study effectively contributed to fund raising. If robots can perform actions that require high level of HRI, such as donation, robots can contribute more to human society. We hope that this study contributes to the improvement of human happiness.

본 논문에서는 MMORPG에서의 플레이어 캐릭터 스테이터스의 변화를 캐릭터 그래픽에 시각적으로 드러낼 것을 제안하였다. 힘, 체력, 의지, 지능, 민첩 등의 기본적인 캐릭터 스테이터스 중 캐릭터 그래픽에 영향을 끼칠 수 있는 요소인 힘과 민첩을 활용하면 캐릭터 스테이터스 변화의 시각적으로 구현할 수 있다. 민첩의 수치를 캐릭터의 각 뼈대의 길이에 관여하게 하고, 힘의 수치는 주로 캐릭터의 각 뼈대의 두께에 영향을 주도록 함으로써 캐릭터 스테이터스의 변화를 플레이어가 처음에 생성한 캐릭터 그래픽에 나타내는 것이다. 이와 같은 캐릭터 스테이터스의 수치변화에 대한 시각적 표현은 플레이어 캐릭터 아이덴티티를 드러낼 수 있도록 하는 효과가 있다. 또한 플레이어의 캐릭터 육성 방향과 캐릭터의 경험의 시각적 표현이 가능하다는 점에서 다양한 엔터테인먼트로의 응용이 가능하다.

Surface site and areas of particles are geometrically calculated for the cubic structures to investigate how the surface sites vary with the variation of morphology and particle size. The numbers of surface site and area become smaller when the particles become equi-dimensional shape. The ratios of surface site to surface area are almost constant except the case of anion of fluorite structure. The ratios of the number of surface site to area are almost constant regardless of particle size except the size of up to 5 to 10 times of the unit cell dimension. This quantification method can be used to obtain data related to the surface reaction.