Lepidoptera, one of the major herbivore groups on terrestrial ecosystems, have evolved various feeding habits on theirhostplants. Diversification of feeding habits has led to their success in the extant fauna. However, there have been limitedstudies scrutinizing evolutionary patterns of such diversification (Kaila et al., 2011; Regier et al., 2015; Sohn et al., 2016).Leaf-mining is the major form of lepidopteran endophagy, occurring in at least 34 families (Hering, 1951). Leaf miningis considered a primitive trait in Lepidoptera because it characterizes the basal (non-ditrysian) lineages, while the derivedDitrysia and Macrolepidoptera trend strongly toward external feeding (Connor & Taverner, 1997). In contrast, internalfeeding is restricted to relatively derived lineages in other insect orders. This contrasting pattern may be a key for understandingthe evolutionary history of Lepidoptera. We discuss this issue based on two lepidopteran leaf-mine fossils discovered lately.

• Jae-Cheon Sohn(Institute of Littoral Environment, Mokpo National University)
• Kye Soo Nam(Daejeon Science High School for the Gifted)
• Sei-Woong Choi(Institute of Littoral Environment, Mokpo National University,Dept. Environmental Education, Mokpo National University)