Considertation of DWI & DCE MRI’s Usefulness on Soft Tissue Mass and Metastasis Cancer : Focused on Ktrans, Kep, Ve & TCC
목 적 : 수술 전·후 연부 조직 종양과 전이암 의심 환자에 대해 역동적 조영증강 검사와 확산 강조영상을 적용하여 도출된 매개변수의 수치와 시간-농도 곡선 그래프를 분석해 악성 병변의 진단 유용성을 확인하고자 한다.
대상 및 방법 : 본 연구는 후향적 연구로서 임상윤리 위원회의 승인을 얻어 진행하였으며 연구 기간은 2015년 02월 01일부 터 2016년 07월 31일까지 핵의학 검사나 전산화 단층 촬영을 선행하고 정확한 병변의 진단을 위해 MRI 검사를 의뢰받은 환자 51명을 대상으로 하였다. 연구에 사용된 프로토콜은 본원에서 시행되고 있는 역동적 조영증강 자기공명 검사에 최적 화된 검사기법과 확산 강조영상을 사용하였다. 정량적 평가는 획득된 데이터를 Tissue 4D를 사용하여 매개변수를 도출하였으며, 확산 강조영상에서 확산 제한되는 부분과 현성 확산 계수에서 신호 감소를 보이는 병변에 관심 영역을 설정하여 계측 하였다. 통계적 분석은 독립 표본 t-test와 상관 분석을 사용하였다.
결 과 : 계측된 매개변수의 평균값은 연부 조직 종양의 경우 Ktrans, Kep, Ve, ADCminimal, ADCmaximal, ADCmean, TCCpattern/type은 각각 0.161 ± 0.012, 0.661 ± 0.041, 0.268 ± 0.003, 0.828 ± 0.393, 1.218 ± 0.502, 1.304 ± 0.435, 2.675 ± 0.674, 5.500 ± 1.874이며, 전이암 의심 환자의 경우는 0.126 ± 0.019, 0.711 ± 0.012, 0.219 ± 0.024, 0.879 ± 0.392, 1.285 ± 0.412, 1.074 ± 0.393, 2.787 ± 0.606, 5.590 ± 1.161로 나타났다(p>0.05). 과 혈관성으로 인하여 확산 제한, 초관 류, ADC 신호감소가 동시에 나타난 경우는 연부 조직 종양은 20명 중 8명이고 평균적인 값들은 Ktrans, Kep, Ve, ADC 순으 로 각각 0.176 ± 0.121, 0.655 ± 0.297, 0.274 ± 0.146, 0.701 ± 0.203 이었다. 전이암의 경우는 31명중 9명의 평균값은 Ktrans, Kep, Ve, ADC 순으로 각각 0.133 ± 0.083, 0.698 ± 0.202, 0.187 ± 0.111, 0.889 ± 0.283 이었다. 혈관종, 탄력 섬유종 연골육종, 내연골종의 경우는 확산 제한과 초관류를 동시에 나타내지 않았다.
결 론 : 악성의 경우 매개변수의 기준값은 Ktrans, Kep, Ve, ADCminimal, ADCmaximal, ADCmean은 0.14 ± 0.09, 0.73 ± 0.47, 0.21 ± 0.11, 0.84 ± 0.40, 1.02 ± 0.40, 1.21 ± 0.43, TCC의 pattern은 Ⅲ(3)이고 type은 ⅴ(5), ⅵ(6), ⅶ(7) 이었다. 악성 종 양의 경우과 혈관성으로 인해 확산 제한과 초관류가 동시에 나타났으며, 역동적 조영증강에서 도출된 Ktrans, Kep, Ve의 값과 TCC 그래프의 pattern 분석을 상호보완적으로 적용했을 때 고식적 검사에 비해 정확한 질환 판별이 가능하였다. 그리고 수 술 전·후 병변에 잔존하는 종양과 항암 치료 후 개선되는 양상을 평가하는데 있어 매우 유용할 것이라 사료된다.
Purpose : It is the purpose of the study to confirm whether it would be useful to diagnose malignant and benign lesion by analyzing the parameters’ values and the time-concentration curve (TCC) graphs drawn according to DWI and DCE MRI on patients who are suspected cases of soft tissue mass and metastasis cancer before and after the operation.
Materials and Methods : The research was conducted as a retrospective study by the acknowledgement of the Institutional Review Board (IRB), and a total of 51 patients took part in it from February 1, 2015 to July 31, 2016 who were required to have MRI examination for the accurate diagnosis of lesions after the nuclear medicine and the computed tomography. The protocol used in the study were the optimized examination technique of DCE MRI, which is being practiced in the hospital,and DWI. quantitative evaluation was performed by using Tissue 4D to derive from the parameters, in the diffusion weighted image, the regions of interest were determined by setting the regions of interest in the lesion that showed signal drop in the diffusion restriction area and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). The independent sample t-test and the pearson correlation were used in the statistic analysis.
Results : The measured parameters’ average values are as followings : In the soft tissue mass each of Ktrans, Kep, Ve, ADCminimal, ADCmaximal, ADCmean, TCCpattern/type is have the average values of 0.161 ± 0.012, 0.661 ± 0.041, 0.268 ± 0.003, 0.828 ± 0.393, 1.218 ± 0.502, 1.304 ± 0.435, 2.675 ± 0.674, 5.500 ± 1.874, and in case of the patients who were estimated to have metastasis cancer the average values are 0.126 ± 0.019, 0.711 ± 0.012, 0.219 ± 0.024, 0.879 ± 0.392, 1.285 ± 0.412, 1.074 ± 0.393, 2.787 ± 0.606, 5.590 ± 1.161 (p>0.05). Eight patients among twenty who had soft tissue mass belonged to the case that showed diffusion restriction, hyperpefusion, signal drop of ADC at the same time owing to hypercellularity ; And the average values of Ktrans, Kep, Ve, ADC showed 0.176 ± 0.121, 0.655 ± 0.297, 0.274 ± 0.146, 0.701 ± 0.203. In case of metastasis cancer, the average values acquired from nine patients among 31 were like this : each of Ktrans, Kep, Ve, ADC showed 0.133 ± 0.083, 0.698 ± 0.202, 0.187 ± 0.111, 0.889 ± 0.283. Diffusion restriction and hyperperfusion were not found in case of hemangioma, elastofibroma, chondrosarcoma, and enchondroma at the same time.
Conclusions : The parameters’ criterion values in malignant tumor were 0.14 ± 0.09, 0.73 ± 0.47, 0.22 ± 0.11, 0.84 ± 0.40, 1.02 ± 0.40, 1.21 ± 0.43 in the order of Ktrans, Kep, Ve, ADCminimal, ADCmaximal, ADCmean and their TCC pattern was the third stage, which belonged to the fifth, sixth, and seventh types. In case of malignant tumor, diffusion restriction and hyper-perfusion were simultaneously appeared owing to hypercellularity and as the values of Ktrans, Kep, Ve drawn from DCE MRI and the pattern analysis of TCC graphs were complementarily applied the possibility of the accurate diagnosis grew higher than that of the conventional MRI. In addition, it is thought that it would be very useful for estimating the tumor remnant in lesions before and after the operation and its developments after chemotherapy.