Purpose: This study aimed to clarify the effects of simulation-based practice using a standardized patient on nursing students’ problem-solving capacity, self-efficacy for therapeutic communications, and confidence in clinical performance. Methods: We adopted a one-group pretest–posttest experimental design. We examined changes in the students’ problem-solving capacity, self-efficacy for therapeutic communications, and confidence in clinical performance before and after simulation-based practice and after clinical practicum. Results: The scores for problem-solving capacity increased from 159.28 before simulation-based practice to 263.02 after it and 161.99 after clinical practicum, but there was no statistical significance(p=.775, p=.339). The scores for self-efficacy for therapeutic communications rose with statistical significance from 120.78 before simulation-based practice to 126.30 after it (p= .017), but fell to 120.52 after clinical practicum. The scores for confidence in clinical performance increased with statistical significance from 54.98 before simulation-based practice to 59.42 after it (p=.008) and 58.50 after clinical practicum (p<.001). Conclusion: We confirmed that simulation-based practice with a standardized patient offers students hands-on experience of a clinical situation and, thereby, enhances their problem-solving capacity, self-efficacy for therapeutic communications, and confidence in clinical performance.