The Development and Verification of the Measurement of Children's Basic Psychological Needs on the Primary School
본 연구는 초등학교 체육교육현장에서 아동의 욕구를 진단하고 분석하기 위한 기본적 심리욕구 척도를 개발하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 선행연구에서 개발된 4개의 질문지를 토대로 초등학교 체육수업과 아동의 인지에 적합하도록 통합과 수정, 예비조사의 과정을 거쳐 18문항의 질문지 초안을 완성하였다. 이를 토대로 240명의 초등학생 4, 5, 6학년을 대상으로 문항분석과 탐색적 요인분석을 거쳐 자율성 4개 문항, 유능성 4개 문항, 관계성 5개 문항 총 3요인 13문항의 문항을 추출하였다. 추출된 3요인 13문항을 토대로 초등학생 4, 5, 6학년 403명을 대상으로 확인적 요인분석을 실시하여 구조적 타당성을 검증하였다. 이후 상황적 동기척도, 체육수업에서의 사회적 요소의 변인을 나타내는 질문지와 상관분석을 실시하여 유의한 상관을 검증하였으며 이를 토대로 준거관련타당도를 검증하였다. 성별에 따른 기본적 심리욕구 요인의 잠재평균 차이를 분석한 결과 남학생과 여학생은 체육수업상황에서 자율성, 유능성, 관계성의 욕구에 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다.
The object of this study was to develop a basic psychological needs measurement based on four factors of self-determination motivations(intrinsic motivation, identified regulation, extrinsic regulation, a-motivation) in order to analyze children's needs during physical education lessons on primary schools. Four questionnaires developed in previous research were combined and adjusted for application on physical education and children's cognition. Together with pilot study, this resulted in a questionnaire draft of 18 items. The object of the study was formed by 240 primary school students(4th, 5th and 6th grade). An item and exploratory factor analysis resulted in the 3 factors autonomy 4items), competence(4items), relatedness(5items) and 13 items in total. With this 3 factors and 13 items as basis and 403 primary school students(4th, 5th,6th grade) as object, a confirmatory factor analysis was performed and the structural validity of the scale was verified. Hereafter, a correlation analysis between the situational motivation scale, the social factor scale and the psychological needs measurement was performed and significant relations as outcome proved the criterion related validity of the scale. A latent mean analysis on the causes of basis psychological needs according to gender showed that there was no difference between boys and girls during physical education lessons concerning autonomy, competence and relatedness.