Naga and Dragon : Native Language, Translation, and Visual Representation
인도의 토착신 나가는 중국에 전해지면서 용으로 번역되고, 기존의 용과 결합되면서 불교 미술에 표현이 됐다. 실제 존재하는 생명인 인도의 나가는 중국과 동북아시아에서 재현되지 않았다. 동남아에서 나가는 토착신으로서의 뱀 신앙에 더해져 다양하게 변모되었고, 힌두교 신화 속의 나가와 토착신 나가가 융합하기도 했다. 나가는 물과 관련이 깊어서 화재나 수재 (水災)를 막기 위한 비보(裨補)를 목적으로 건물에 조각됐다. 중국과 동남아의 건축물에 용 과 나가가 표현된 것은 같은 맥락에서, 같은 속성을 지닌 영험한 존재로 받아들여졌음을 의 미한다. 동남아시아의 나가와 중국의 용은 물과 관련된 속성, 인간에게 위협적인 반신(半神) 과 같은 존재, 종교와 신화의 세계에서 하급 신격(神格)으로 간주되는 공통점이 있다.
Naga, the indigenous god of India, was translated into dragon(龍) as it was introduced to China. It was variously created in Buddhist art when it was combined with the dragon of Han dynasty. Indian naga as a real existence has not been made in the arts of China nor Northeast Asia. Naga images in Southeast Asia had been changed into various forms in combination with indigenous belief in snake. The naga in Hindu mythology from India and the local cobra god were integrated. Furthermore the dragon, like naga, was believed to have the power to control water, so the dragon images were carved onto a building or decorated on the bridge to prevent fire or flood. The representation of dragon and naga in the buildings of China and Southeast Asia shows us that they were regarded as mythical beings with the same attributes in the same context. Indian Naga and Chinese Dragon have a few features in common. Both of them are related to water, are a threat to human being as a semi-divine existence, and are regarded as a lower deity in the world of religion and mythology. Naga in Southeast Asia and the Chinese dragon did not merge by accident through translation.