近二十年，汉代帝陵的考古调查勘探发掘工作取得了重大成果，基本探明了两汉帝 陵的形制、布局及发展演变轨迹。本文利用已发表的考古资料及多位学者的研究成果， 介绍了两汉帝陵考古工作及研究历程，并重点介绍了具有代表性的陵墓布局、内涵。西 汉“事死如生”,帝陵制度的特点可归纳如下：帝后同茔不同穴；双重陵园，外陵园内帝 后又各自有小陵园；陵园墙外有一重或两重围沟；覆斗形封土；墓葬形制是有四条墓道 的亚字形墓，以东墓道最长，为主墓道；墓室内黄肠题凑木椁结构；墓主身着金镂玉 衣；陵园内有大量的外藏坑，有多座建筑，有嫔妃祔葬墓，数量从数座到数十座不等； 陵园外有大量陪葬墓；西汉宣帝之前的帝陵近旁设置陵邑。东汉提倡薄葬，与西汉时期 重视陵墓设施相较，更注重祭祀仪式，东汉时期帝陵规模较西汉小很多，特点如下：帝 后同穴而葬；一重陵园，规模较小；或有一重围沟；圆丘形封土；墓葬形制是一条墓道 的甲字形墓，墓道通常在墓室南侧；墓室是有横前室纵向后室或多室砖石墓；墓主身着 金镂玉衣；陵园内有石殿建筑、钟虡建筑；没有外藏坑，将西汉时期的外藏体系纳入墓 葬内；有陪葬墓。

In the past 20 years, great achievements have been made in the archaeological exploration and excavation of the mausoleums of the Han Dynasty, which has basically proved the shape, layout, and evolution of the mausoleums of the Han Dynasty. Based on the published archaeological materials and the research results of many scholars, this paper introduces the archaeological work and research process of the mausoleums of the Han Dynasty, and focuses on the layout and characteristics of the representative mausoleums. The idea of Han Dynasty is to treat the dead as if he were alive. The characteristics of the imperial mausoleums system in the Western Han Dynasty can be summarized as follows: The emperor and queen were buried in the same mausoleum, but in different tombs; double enclosure; in the outer enclosure, the emperor and the queen had their own small enclosure; There were one or two ditches outside the enclosure wall; the covering soil with truncated square cone; the shape of the mausoleum was a "亞" shaped tomb with four entrance passages, of which the East path was the longest and the main path; there was an outer coffin in the tomb, which was usually made of cypress with the timber headed in; the owner of the tomb was dressed in jade burial suit sewn with gold thread; in the enclosure, there were a large number of external burial pits, a number of buildings and burial tombs for concubines, ranging from several to dozens; outside the enclosure, there were a lot of funerary tombs; before Emperor Xuan of the Western Han Dynasty, a mausoleum feod was set up near the mausoleum. Compared with the Western Han Dynasty, which paid more attention to mausoleum facilities, the Eastern Han Dynasty advocated plain burial, and paid more attention to sacrificial rites. The mausoleum of the Eastern Han Dynasty was much smaller than that of the Western Han Dynasty, and its characteristics are as follows: the emperor and queen were buried in the same grave; one small enclosure; maybe there was one ditch outside the enclosure wall; the covering soil with dome shape; The shape of the tomb was a "甲" shaped tomb with one entrance passage, which was usually to the south of the chamber; brick chambered tombs, with transverse antechamber, longitudinal posterior chamber, or multiple chambers; the owner of the tomb was dressed in jade burial suit sewn with gold thread; there were stone building and building with hanging bells in the enclosure; there was no external burial pit, and the external burial facilities of the Western Han Dynasty were put inside the imperial mausoleum; There were accompanying tombs in the imperial mausoleum.

内容摘要
Ⅰ. 序论
Ⅱ. 西汉代皇帝陵
    1. 西汉帝陵的考古调查与勘探工作
    2. 现阶段对西汉帝陵的认识
Ⅲ. 东汉帝陵
    1. 东汉帝陵的发现
    2. 北兆域帝陵
    3. 南兆域帝陵
Ⅳ. 结语
参考文献

• 谭青枝((中国) 陕西省考古研究院, 副研究员) | Qingzhi Tan (Shanxi Academy of Archaeology, Deputy Researcher)