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FREE-FLOATING PLANETS, THE EINSTEIN DESERT, AND ‘OUMUAMUA KCI 등재 SCOPUS

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  • URLhttps://db.koreascholar.com/Article/Detail/417242
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천문학회지 (Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society)
한국천문학회 (Korean Astronomical Society)
초록

We complete the survey for finite-source/point-lens (FSPL) giant-source events in 2016–2019 KMTNet microlensing data. The 30 FSPL events show a clear gap in Einstein radius, 9 μas < θE < 26 μas, which is consistent with the gap in Einstein timescales near tE ∼ 0.5 days found by Mr´oz et al. (2017) in an independent sample of point-source/point-lens (PSPL) events. We demonstrate that the two surveys are consistent. We estimate that the 4 events below this gap are due to a power-law distribution of freefloating planet candidates (FFPs) dNFFP/d logM = (0.4 ± 0.2) (M/38 M⊕)−p/star, with 0.9 ≲ p ≲ 1.2. There are substantially more FFPs than known bound planets, implying that the bound planet power-law index γ = 0.6 is likely shaped by the ejection process at least as much as by formation. The mass density per decade of FFPs in the Solar neighborhood is of the same order as that of ‘Oumuamua-like objects. In particular, if we assume that ‘Oumuamua is part of the same process that ejected the FFPs to very wide or unbound orbits, the power-law index is p = 0.89 ± 0.06. If the Solar System’s endowment of Neptune-mass objects in Neptune-like orbits is typical, which is consistent with the results of Poleski et al. (2021), then these could account for a substantial fraction of the FFPs in the Neptune-mass range.

목차
1. INTRODUCTION
2. REVIEW OF DETECTION PROCEDURES
3. EXPECTED θE DISTRIBUTION
4. 30 FSPL EVENTS FROM 2016–2019
5. SAMPLE CHARACTERISTICS
6. THE EINSTEIN DESERT
7. SELECTION EFFECTS
    7.1. Selection Effects Due to Lens Mass (thus, θE)
    7.2. Selection Effects Due to μrel
8. CONSTRAINTS ON THE FFP POPULATION
    8.1. Is the Einstein Desert Real?
    8.2. δ-Function FFP Mass Function
    8.3. Power-Law FFP Mass Function
9. DISCUSSION: RELATION OF FFPS TO KNOWNPOPULATIONS
    9.1. Comparison to Mroz et al. (2017)
    9.2. Comparison to the Known Bound-planetMass-ratio Function
    9.3. Comparison to Known Uranus- andNeptune-like Planets
    9.4. Comparison to ‘Oumuamua-like Objects
    9.5. Summary
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
저자
  • Richard W. Pogge(Department of Astronomy Ohio State University, 140 W. 18th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA;)
  • Byeong-Gon Park(Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, Daejon 34055, Republic of Korea/University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea)
  • Yongseok Lee(School of Space Research, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Kyeonggi 17104, Republic of Korea)
  • Dong-Joo Lee(Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, Daejon 34055, Republic of Korea)
  • Chung-Uk Lee(Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, Daejon 34055, Republic of Korea)
  • Seung-Lee Kim(Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, Daejon 34055, Republic of Korea/University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea)
  • Dong-Jin Kim(Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, Daejon 34055, Republic of Korea)
  • Sang-Mok Cha(Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, Daejon 34055, Republic of Korea/School of Space Research, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Kyeonggi 17104, Republic of Korea)
  • Weicheng Zang(Department of Astronomy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China)
  • Jennifer C. Yee(Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden St., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA)
  • Hongjing Yang(Department of Astronomy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China)
  • Yossi Shvartzvald(Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel)
  • In-Gu Shin(Department of Physics, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea)
  • Yoon-Hyun Ryu(Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, Daejon 34055, Republic of Korea)
  • Cheongho Han(Department of Physics, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea)
  • Sun-Ju Chung(Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, Daejon 34055, Republic of Korea)
  • Michael D. Albrow(University of Canterbury, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8020, New Zealand)
  • Subo Dong(Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University, Yi He Yuan Road 5, Hai Dian District, Beijing 100871, China)
  • Kyu-Ha Hwang(Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, Daejon 34055, Republic of Korea)
  • Youn Kil Jung(Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, Daejon 34055, Republic of Korea/University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea)
  • Andrew Gould(Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy, K¨onigstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany/Department of Astronomy Ohio State University, 140 W. 18th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA;)