In the context of the 4th Industrial Revolution, the rise of electric vehicles and personal mobility is evident. However, regulatory authorities seem to overlook vast opportunities, placing two-wheelers in a deregulated category and focusing mainly on regulations. This paper addresses a notable trend in e-mobility, emphasizing aspects often overlooked in traditional motorcycle regulatory research. Using the industrial life cycle theory as a basis, we identify challenges that have affected traditional combustion-engine two-wheelers and offer insights to navigate similar obstacles in the future. Consequently, the domestic two-wheeler market experienced a brief surge but lacked sustainable growth prospects. However, considering Japan's success in establishing global standards and design dominance in the two-wheeler industry despite its late entry, there appears to be potential for a rebound in the domestic market.

• 장종신(중부대학교) | Jong-Sin Jang (Joonbu University)
• 김희동 (중부대학교) | Hee-Dong Kim (Joonbu University)
• 이흥식(중부대학교) | LEE HEUNG SHIK (Professor, Joonbu University) Corresponding author