This study examined the feeding behavior and growth performance of 31 Hanwoo steers (10 months old; 278 ± 36.13 kg) within a precision livestock farming system using Roughage Intake Control (RIC) units for real-time data collection. Feeding behavior traits were derived from RIC database data using R software, with subsequent analysis conducted using SAS software. The results indicated that the steers visited the feed stations every 31.12 ± 11.99 minutes, averaging 11 ± 3.37 visits/day. Each feeding session lasted an average of 5.90 ± 1.55 minutes, resulting in a feed intake rate of 77.98 ± 22.53 g/min. Mean daily feed intake was 4.76 ± 1.36 kg, and body weight increased consistently, reaching an average of 412 ± 43.44 kg, with an average daily gain (ADG) of 1.26 ± 0.38 kg. Pearson correlation analysis revealed a strong relationship between daily feed intake and visit duration (r² = 0.621; p < 0.01) and an inverse correlation between daily feed intake and feed intake duration (r² = −0.445; p < 0.05), indicating behavioral adaptation. These findings highlight the importance of monitoring feeding behavior traits concerning growth performance, enhancing our understanding of individual animal behavior and its implications for productivity while emphasizing the role of advanced technologies in optimizing feed utilization in confined livestock systems.

Abstract
Introduction
Materials and Methods
    1. Animals and ethics
    2. Study location and design
    3. Animals and feeding regimen
    4. Experimental procedure
    5. Data collection and editing
    6. Feeding behavior traits
    7. Statistical analyses
Results and Discussion
Acknowledgment
References

• Janine I. Berdos(Doctoral Student, Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea, Faculty, Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Forestry, Tarlac Agricultural University, Camiling 2306, Tarlac, Philippines)
• Chris Major Ncho(Postdoctoral Scientist, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland)
• A-Rang Son(Research Professor, Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea)
• Michelle A. Miguel(Senior Researcher, Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea)
• Sang-Suk Lee(Professor, Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea) Corresponding author
• Seon-Ho Kim(Research Professor, Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea) Corresponding author