This study investigates and analyzes the major characteristics of naturally occurring asbestos (NOA) in the Seosan area, based on a geological map of NOA distribution. The study area includes Daesan-eup, Seokmun-myeon, and Palbongmyeon in Seosan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, South Korea, with 32 samples collected from nine sites. The asbestos-containing rocks primarily consist of dolomite, limestone, calcareous silicate rock, and marble, most of which exhibit a mass-fiber morphology. While the weathering grade of the outcrops is generally within level 3, some areas show higher weathering levels (grade 4), indicating potential risks of asbestos dispersion into the air. The collected samples were analyzed using polarized light microscopy (PLM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and transmission electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (TEM-EDS). The primary asbestos types identified were tremolite and actinolite asbestos of the amphibole group, with anthophyllite asbestos detected in some locations. Notably, certain asbestos-containing rocks were found near coastal areas and docks, highlighting the need for continued monitoring in the event of future development activities.