The ever-evolving fashion industry has brought forth direct and indirect effects on the environmentto the extent that environmental contamination, labor exploitation, and pirated or counterfeit products have emerged as serious social issues. The sustainability-related issues are associated with all stages of the product lifecycle, ranging from the extraction of raw materials to product disposal (Berkhout & Smith, 1999).In lifecycle management (LCM), the triple bottom line (TBL) of sustainability is seen from the perspective of the product lifecycle (Kocmanova & Nemecek, 2009). TBL refers to corporate efforts to keep a balance among financial viability, environmental soundness and social accountability (Elkington, 1997). As sustainable products are defined in the light of lifecycles, research on product lifecycle management (PLM) has drawn much attention (Gmelin & Seuring, 2014).In addition, PLM is known to exert substantial effects on new product development, which warrants the need to view new sustainable products from the perspective of PLM (Cantamessa, Montagna, & Neirotti, 2012). Therefore, the present study intends to apply a conceptual model of PLM-based new sustainable product development to the fashion industry and to take multifaceted approaches to sustainable fashion product development. To that end, case studies of 21 local and global sustainable fashion brands, 1:1 in-depth interviews with 24 experts from sustainable and non-sustainable fashion brands, and participant observation of 5 sustainable fashion brands were conducted as part of this study. The findings illuminate the management issues attributable to the lack of technology and expertise, as well as the quantification issues involving monitoring or normalized data collection, despite the presence of some process-specific sustainable items in sustainable products developed by the fashion brands. Also, the findings will serve as reference data for further discussions and provide some implications for the sustainable fashion product development of fashion brands.

To assess actual foliage damage due to potato leaf miner, Liriomyza huidobrensis (Blanchard), commercial potato pockets of Lalitpur, Kathmandu, Bhaktapur, Kavrepalanchwok, Sindhupalchwok and Makwanpur districts of Mid-Nepal were surveyed in 2009. Percent foliage damage analysis and ANOVA (with unbalanced frequency distribution) of multiple regressions of different factors were done to evaluate the level of damage and factors significantly influencing damage. Damage level was found more in lower altitudes (790-1568 meters above sea level) than in higher altitudes (1560-2610 meters above sea level). Similarly, lower leaves were more damaged than the upper ones. So, altitude and plant age were two factors influencing damage by test insect. Since the pest is becoming severe and can withstand chemical sprays, it is imperative to develop suitable IPM technique against this insect. Similarly, strict quarantine and awareness campaign against this insect pest are crucial to check its migration to virgin potato pockets.

Survival and development of manufacturing business depends on how the companies make competitive product and put out on the market. In other words, the core competitiveness of manufacturing business is "product" and companies’ competitiveness and sustainable growth could be guaranteed by management from product deveIopment to release onto the market. However, there are few examples about establishing successful system yet. The purpose of this study is to analyze on how PLM affect the performance. In particular, findout how iIlegal copying of PLM system that contains know-how gives company negative effect and emphasize why companies should recognize the importance of iIIegaI copying.

최근의 제조 산업에서 제품개발 정보는 제품 수명주기 관리(PLM: Product Lifecycle Management) 시스템을 통하여 관리하고, 조달과 생산 계획에 관련된 통제는 전사적 자원관리(ERP: Enterprise Resource Planning), 생산 관리 시스템이 담당하고 있다. 특히, 효율적인 제품 개발과 시스템 구축 여부는 설계 및 생산, 원가 관리 전체에 걸쳐 영향을 미친다. 따라서 도면, 모델, 자재 정보 등 제품정보관리를 위한 PLM시스템의 역할이 매우 중요하게 여겨지고 있다. 이러한 PLM체계는 요구 사항 분석, 시스템 설계 그리고 기존 Data Migration 등 정보 시스템 개발 절차를 따라서 수행된다. PLM시스템은 전사적인 시스템 개발 과정에서 Prototype개발을 진행하여 구축 절차와 체계 설계를 검증하는 것이 효과적이다. 이 과정에서 PLM 아키텍처 및 제품 구조(Product Structure) 구성, PLM의 기능 개발을 수행한 후에 전체 시스템 설계 개발을 재 수행하는 것이 효과적이다. 본 연구에서는 조선 PLM구축에 필요한 절차와 체계 설계 방법을 제시하고, 이를 초기 기본 설계 단계에 적용하여 PLM구축 방법론을 제시하고자 한다. 초기 설계를 대상으로 요구사항을 도출하고, PLM의 아키텍처를 설계하였으며, 설계한 시스템을 Prototype형태로 제시하였다.

본 논문에서는 통합제품개발 관점에서 Computer-Aided Engineering(CAE) 활동을 지원하는 제품자료모델(Product Data Model)을 제안한다. 제안된 제품자료모델은 제품개발 프로세스를 관리하는 제품생애주기관리(Product Lifecycle Management: PLM) 시스템에 현재 독립되어 진행되고 있는 CAE 활동을 통합될 수 있도록 한다. 제안된 제품자료모델에 포함된 제품관점(Product View)은 설계와 제품구조를 공유하여 다양한 대안을 해석하고, 그 결과를 손쉽게 설계로 전달할 수 있는 독립적 CAE 활동을 보장한다. 제안된 모델을 검증하기 위하여 제품개발 프로세스와 통합된 CAE 활동을 지원하는 PLM 시제품을 개발하였다.

This study was performed to investigate the characteristics of asbestos distribution in 6 public and 6 school buildings from August to September in 2006. The bulk samples were analysed by PLM(polarized light microscope). Also the airborne samples were analysed PCM(phase contrast microscope) and confirmed by SEM-EDX(scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive using X-ray analysis) method. The 6 public buildings included the ACM(asbestos containing material) ranged 2-7 % of chrysotile in 70 % of samples from ceiling, floor tile, and wall board and has 20 % tremolite in 2 ceiling plaster. The 6 school buildings were identified 1.5 % tremolite in one sample and showed the similar asbestos distribution with the public building. The airborne concentrations of fiber materials were ranged with 0.000-0.017 f/cc in public places and 0.000-0.012 f/cc in school building by PCM. However, the asbestos fibers could not be found by SEM-EDX. In the result of physical assessment of ACM in each buildings, it is considered that there is no chance of a hazardous situation because the ACM is not friable. Its suggested that the asbestos control plan should be established to prevent asbestos exposure to occupants from damaged ACM by repairing and custodial work.