This study aimed to establish a marker compound in roasted Astragalus membranaceus (AM) water extract and to validate its analytical methods. The roasting process significantly enhanced the isoflavone content in AM. Among the four isoflavones analyzed, calycosin 7-glucoside (C7G) emerged as the most abundant, with a concentration of 847.88 μg/g in the AM extract. Due to its concentration and representativeness, C7G was designated as the marker compound, and its analytical method was thoroughly validated. Specificity was confirmed by the consistent retention time of the C7G peak at 15.2 minutes across both the sample and the standard compound. High absorbance was recorded at UV wavelengths of 220, 250, and 260 nm. The method exhibited excellent linearity, with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.9999 across a concentration range of 0.2 to 50.0 μg/mL. The limits of detection and quantification were determined to be 0.029 μg/mL and 0.088 μg/mL, respectively. Precision assessments revealed intra-day and inter-day variations of 0.812% and 1.650%, respectively. Recovery tests yielded values ranging from 99.419% to 104.861%, with relative standard deviations between 1.152% and 2.215%. These results affirm that the analytical method for C7G is highly specific, linear, accurate, and precise. This validated method may serve as a valuable tool for the standardization of roasted AM water extract.