This study assessed the genetic outcomes of reintroducing Zacco koreanus into the Bongseonsa Stream by comparing the genetic diversity and population structure of the reintroduced population to those of the original populations from the Jojong and Sudong Streams. The reintroduced population in Bongseonsa Stream retained multiple haplotypes and displayed a mixed genetic composition with the original populations, indicating the reintroduction strategy’s effectiveness. The pairwise genetic differentiation value (FST) suggested that the Jojong Stream population, which is geographically closer and ecologically similar, contributed more to gene flow and potential local adaptation in the reintroduced population. Results from STRUCTURE analysis (K=2) and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) showed no clear genetic separation among populations, supporting effective genetic integration. However, the relatively small effective population size (Ne) of the reintroduced population raises conserns about potential longterm risks of inbreeding and genetic drift, which could lead to a loss of genetic variation. Overall, the reintroduction successfully established a genetically diverse population in the short term, but continuous monitoring and adaptive management are crucial for maintaining genetic health and ensuring long-term population stability. This study underscores the importance of integrating genetic considerations into freshwater fish restoration programs and provides a reference for developing sustainable population management strategies.

Abstract
1. 서 론
2. 재료 및 방법
    2.1. 연구 대상 지역 및 시료 채취
    2.2. 유전체 (Genomic) DNA 추출
    2.3. 미토콘드리아 (mtDNA) COI 유전자 증폭
    2.4. DNA 염기서열 정렬 및 계통지리학 분석
    2.5. 핵 DNA microsatellite 유전자형 분석
    2.6. 개체군 유전학적 분석
    2.7. 개체군통계학적 역사 (Demographic history)분석
3. 결과 및 고찰
    3.1. MtDNA COI 유전자 단상형 (haplotype) 분포도 및네트워크
    3.2. 유전적 다양성
    3.3. 유전적 분화도 및 구조
    3.4. 개체군통계학적 역사 (Demographic history)
적 요
CRediT authorship contribution statement
Declaration of Competing Interest
사 사
REFERENCES

• 왕주현(상지대학교 생명과학과 담수생태학실험실) | Ju Hyoun Wang (Aquatic Ecosystem Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Science, Sangji University, Wonju 26339, Republic of Korea)
• 이황구(상지대학교 생명과학과 담수생태학실험실) | Hwang Goo Lee (Aquatic Ecosystem Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Science, Sangji University, Wonju 26339, Republic of Korea) Corresponding author
• 김유림(상지대학교 생명과학과 분자생태 및 진화학실험실) | Yu Rim Kim (Molecular Ecology and Evolution Laboratory, Department of Biological Science, Sangji University, Wonju 26339, Republic of Korea)
• 최희규(상지대학교 생명과학과 분자생태 및 진화학실험실) | Hee-kyu Choi (Molecular Ecology and Evolution Laboratory, Department of Biological Science, Sangji University, Wonju 26339, Republic of Korea)
• 이혁제(상지대학교 생명과학과 분자생태 및 진화학실험실) | Hyuk Je Lee (Molecular Ecology and Evolution Laboratory, Department of Biological Science, Sangji University, Wonju 26339, Republic of Korea) Corresponding author
• 조용찬(국립수목원 DMZ 산림생물자원연구과) | Yong Chan Cho (DMZ Botanic Garden, Research Official, Korean National Arboretum, Yanggu 24564, Republic of Korea)
• 안종빈(국립수목원 산림생물보전연구과) | Jong Bin An (Forest Biodiversity Conservation Division, Research Official, Korean National Arboretum, Pocheon 11186, Republic of Korea)